• 설비공학논문집
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.588-597
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• 1999

Sokkuram grotto, a UNESCO cultural heritage in Kyongju Korea, was originally covered with crushed rocks over its dome with ventilating holes. The grotto was perfectly preserved for more than 12 centuries until the upper structure was replaced with a concrete dome in the early 20th century to protect from total collapse. Since then, heavy dew formed on the granite surface to seriously damage the sculptures until it was further remodeled with air-conditioning facilities in the 60s. It is considered that the original upper porous structure had a dehumidifying capability. This research is made to unveil the dehumidifying mechanism of the rock layer during the rainy season in that area. A rock layer and a concrete layer are tested in a temperature/humidity-controlled room. No dew formation is observed for the two specimen for continued sunny days or continued rainy days. However, heavy dew formed on the concrete surface for a sunny day after long rainy days. It is thought that the sun evaporates water on the ground and dew is formed at the surface as the highly humid air touches the yet cold concrete. On the contrary, no dew formation is observed for the rock layer at any time. Even in the above worst situation, air flows downward through the cool rock layer and moisture is removed before reaching inside. Temperature measurement, flow visualization, observation of dew formation and measurement of air velocity are made to verify the mechanisms.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.308-316
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• 2021

During the past two years, the education systems in the world witnessed unprecedented turmoil due to the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic, as most schools and universities in the world closed their doors to more than 1.5 billion students, or more than 90% of the total learners, according to recent figures issued by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Education experts have agreed that post- coronavirus education will not be the same as before, especially with the increasing use of modern technology in education. One of the most important new patterns with a structure digital in education is distance education, this style has been used, in many countries of the world, as an alternative to traditional education, since the beginning of the pandemic. In Saudi Arabia, this type of education has been used in all educational institutions, starting from kindergarten until the postgraduate level, as an alternative to face-to-face education to preserve the health and safety of students and workers in educational institutions. This study aimed to explore the level of satisfaction of preparatory year students on distance learning in their first year of study at Umm Al-Qura University. The findings of this study showed that students in the preparatory year were satisfied with their online learning experience. In addition, the results revealed that there was no effect for gender and location of study on students' level of satisfaction. Saudi universities should continue to work to create a suitable learning environment for students at the e-learning level.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.248-256
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• 2019

Most of the lakes in Korea are artificial, and their limnological characteristics are significantly different from those of natural lakes in other countries. In this study, the relationship between trophic state parameters was investigated, based on summer average data of the upper layer, in 81 lakes in Korea, 2013-2017. Compared with trends of foreign natural lakes, chlorophyll a (Chl.a) concentration was slightly lower at the same total phosphorus (TP) concentration, and transparency (Secchi depth, SD) was noticeably lower at the same Chl.a concentration. This is because of excessive allochthonous loading of non-algal material during the monsoon period, and the reduction in phosphorus availability to algal growth, by light limitation and short hydraulic residence time. Considering these characteristics, we suggested site-specific thresholds of trophic state classification for Chl.a, TP and SD, based on annual average data at the upper layer of lakes ($3-10{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ of Chl.a measured by UNESCO method; $13-33{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ of TP; 1.6-3.2 m of SD for mesotrophic state class, respectively). The threshold value of TP for each trophic state class, corresponded to the upper value of previously reported range, and that of SD was out of the range. We suggested applying only TP and Chl.a in assessment of trophic state of lakes in Korea, excluding SD.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2018

Hwaseong Fortress was designated as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1997 in recognition of its architectural, cultural, and historical significance. In order to provide a compelling and active experience to the visitors of Hwaseong Fortress more effectively and intuitively, an augmented reality (AR) mobile application is developed. The main objective of this paper is to describe the implementation of AR technology in the developed application; and most importantly, how the application is designed for the visitors to actively and intuitively experience the various architectural and historical contents of Hwaseong. The tour routes and their point of interests were selected carefully after deliberation of their contents. To maximize the user interaction with the application and the architectural contents of Hwaseong, not only the conventional AR technology (marker method), but also the markerless AR method is adopted in the developed application. It is expected that visitors of Hwaseong Fortress enjoy the tour, while learning the architectural, historical, and cultural contents through the active and intuitive interaction with the developed AR mobile application.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2021

Composite nature of the masonry structures in general causes complex and non-linear behaviour, especially in intense vibration conditions. The presence of different types and forms of structural elements and different materials is a major problem for the analysis of these type of structures. For this reason, the analysis of the behaviour of masonry structures requires a combination of experimental tests and non-linear mathematical modelling. The famous UNESCO Heritage Old Bridge in Mostar was selected as an example for the analysis of the global behaviour of reinforced stone arch masonry bridges. As part of the experimental research, a model of the Old Bridge was constructed in a scale of 1:9 and tested on a shaking table platform for different levels of seismic excitation. Non-linear mathematical modelling was performed using a combined finite-discrete element method (FDEM), including the effect of connection elements. The paper presents the horizontal displacement of the top of the arch and the failure mechanism of the Old Bridge model for the experimental and the numerical phase, as well as the comparison of the results. This research provided a clearer insight into the global behaviour of stone arch masonry structures reinforced with steel clamps and steel dowels, which is significant for the structures classified as world cultural heritage.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.48-55
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• 2023

China's intangible cultural heritage at the national level amounts to more than 1,500 species, and it is also the country with the largest number of items on UNESCO's intangible cultural heritage list, so the intangible cultural heritage of the country and mankind is very much treasured and cared for. However, with the development of the times, many intangible cultural heritages are facing a dilemma due to the problem of a single form of communication. However, at the same time, the efficient and convenient way of information visualization provides innovative ideas and new opportunities for the visual communication of Chinese intangible cultural heritage. This paper examines the formal characteristics of infographic visual expression on the theoretical basis of books and related papers and analyzes the application cases and advantages of infographics in the communication of Chinese intangible cultural heritage in the context of the present era. It aims to explore a fast and novel visual presentation method for the communication of Chinese intangible cultural heritage through infographic design methods, to promote the inheritance and development of Chinese intangible cultural heritage in the new era.

• 연구윤리
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2024

Purpose: To prevent and respond to youth sexual problems that are becoming more serious with digital development, this study sought to develop a sex education program that applies gamification as an effective method for youth who are digital natives. Research design, data and methodology: To develop a sex education program for teenagers, elements of gamification were considered based on Dick and Kerry's teaching system design model. The learning content reflected UNESCO's 'Comprehensive Sex Education Guidelines'. In addition, it was designed to enable students to learn about ethics and morals from a social and emotional aspect. Results: A four-session distance learning sex education program was developed for first-year high school students. To learn about gender sensitivity, sexual relationships, sexuality, and healthy sexual behavior, we developed a story that reflects the mission and quest for sex education. It included leaderboards, time limits, and levels, and also utilized mechanics such as points and items. Edutech tools include video content, Google Sheets, Zoom, Padlet, and Mentimeter. Conclusions: This study aims to improve learning effectiveness, satisfaction, and immersion by developing a sex education program for youth using gamification that promotes active learner participation and motivation.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.407-417
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• 2014

우리 민족의 대표적인 민요이면서 동시에 유네스코 인류무형문화유산인 아리랑을 정보알고리즘 기법을 도입하여 후렴구를 중심으로 계통도를 분석하고 아리랑들 사이의 상관관계는 본문 단어중심으로 분석하였다. 아리랑의 계통도 분석은 생명체의 진화관계를 분석하는 알고리즘인 다중서열정렬 기법을 사용하였다. 분석한 아리랑 106개 중에서 38개 아리랑이 빠른 템포를 가지고 있었으며, 나머지 68개 아리랑이 느린 템포를 가지고 있었다. 이를 바탕으로 후렴구 기반 아리랑 계통도를 완성하였다. 아리랑 본문 단어는 아리랑에 있는 단어와 아리랑 제목을 노드로 하는 bipartate네트워크를 구축하고 이들로부터 73개 아리랑 및 104개의 핵심 단어를 추출하였다. 먼저, 이 데이터를 바탕으로 쌍대비교분석 기법을 사용하여 아리랑들 사이의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 또한, 네트워크 연결계수가 1인 노드를 단계적으로 제거하여 핵심네트워크를 구축한 다음 네트워크 기반으로 아리랑들 사이의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 그동안 아리랑을 어원 중심의 인문과학이나 음률적인 접근을 통하여 아리랑의 어원, 계통도, 상관관계를 분석하려는 연구가 있었다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 시도를 벗어나 과학적 접근방법인 정보알고리즘을 사용하여 아리랑을 분석함으로써 세계적인 문화유산의 위상을 한층 더 높이고 객관적인 결과를 통해서 아리랑의 대중화 및 세계화의 기틀을 마련함에 있어 그 방법론을 제시하였다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.70-78
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• 2012

The Annals of Joseon Dynasty, which recorded governmental affairs for 472 years (AD 1392-1863) during the Joseon dynasty is an representative paper cultural heritage in Korea. Being recognised their authenticity and values they were designated as the No 151 national treasure of Korea in 1973 and registered as 'The Memories of the World' by UNESCO in 1997. Unusually, some volumes of the Annals were treated by beeswax for the permanent preservation. However, the examinations on the deterioration of the beeswax-treated volumes had been exposed the serious damage than the untreated volumes. In particular, the larger amount of beeswax were worst in deterioration condition. In order to solve these problems, NRICH(National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) of Korea launched the investigation study for the conservation of beeswax-treated volumes of the Annals. Now then, the five study areas have been set up; 1) to understand the damaged condition of the Annals; 2) to analyse the raw materials and production techniques; 3) to test the degradation degree using the duplication samples for understanding the aging factors and mechanism; 4) to develop the conservation techniques through dewaxing and thereafter strengthening the base paper of Hanji; 5) to develop the long-term storage technique using inert gases. On the basis of outcomes from this study, NRICH will plan to establish the systematic conservation and management plan for the beeswax-treated volumes of the Annals in future.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.41-60
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• 2006

Preservation of wooden architecture by means of synthetic resin, is physical and chemical work. Synthetic resins are using for consolidation and restoration of decayed members. Since 1978, synthetic resin became useful preservation of architectural heritage in Korea. The first object was Chimgyeru of Songgwang-temple in Suncheon city. In the 1980s, have begun the care of materials for conservation on the architectural heritage, it was influenced according to authenticity of UNESCO Venice charter's principle, in 1964. In Korea, preservation of wooden architecture by means of synthetic resin that is sing many kinds of epoxies. Among the specific types of epoxies are araldite XN1023, SV427, etc. The use of synthetic resin have merits and demerits in the restoration for architectural heritage. The merit is that it is more smaller change with new members during preservation work. But the demerit is an irreversibility of the epoxy resin. In 1999, 'ICOMOS International Wood Committee' recommend contemporary materials and techniques, should be chosen and used with the greatest caution. And preservation work should reversible, as possible as technically. Therefore, should be data continous for preservation of wooden architecture by synthetic resin. Because data is very important work about a preservation of wooden architecture by synthetic resin. And should be try to think about new materials and techniques instead of synthetic resin, in the long view.