• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• 제96권4호
• /
• pp.425-431
• /
• 2007

To investigate genetic diversity and PCR detection of Rhizina undulata, PCR detection and sequence analysis of rDNA ITS region of R. undulata in soil were analyzed and developed. The length of partial 18S rDNA from four R. undulata isolates were 1,375 nt. The sequence similarity of R. undulata isolates was 100%. The rDNA ITS regions of R. undulata isolates were 585 nt long. Nucleotide sequencing of the ITS regions showed that PDK-1, PTT-1 and PDJ-9 isolates had 100% sequence identity. But, PDS-5 isolate differed from the three isolates by two nucleotide substitution. R. undulata-specific primers designed by the sequence of ITS region were used in PCR detection of R. undulata. PCR products about 525 bp size, which is specific to R. undulata, were amplified from total DNAs of R. undulata isolates. To assay the sensitivity of PCR detection by R. undulata ITS-specific primer, purely cultured mycelial suspension of R. undulata was serially diluted and mixed with 100g of sterile sandy loam soil, respectively. And then, PCR products of total DNAs extracted from each mycelium-soil mixtures were analysed. The PCR protocol could detected up to 1ng mycelium of R. undulata within 100g of soil.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• 제96권5호
• /
• pp.585-590
• /
• 2007

Rhizina undulata is the fungus, which causes Rhizina root rot on coniferous trees. Nested-PCR using ITS-specific primer was applied to detect R. undulata from the soils of Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergil) forests infested with the disease in Seocheon, Chungnam Province, South Korea. Soil samples were collected from four different sites, both dead trees and fruit bodies of R. undulata were present, dead trees only present, fruit bodies only present, and both were absent. Nested-PCR products specific to R. undulata ITS-region were amplified. Positive reactions were found in some samples from the sites, where dead trees and fruit bodies of R. undulata were absent as well as where both of those were present. R. undulata was mainly detected in the soil samples from the depth of 5~20 cm under the soil surface. These results show that the nested-PCR could be used to diagnose the presence or potential infestation of R. undulata in the soils of pine forests.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.312-316
• /
• 2015

Rhizina undulata, the causal agent of Rhizina root rot, is a soil-borne fungus occurring on coniferous trees. The destruction of coastal forests caused by R. undulata infection has been mainly associated with bonfires at camping sites. However, Rhizina root rot was observed in the western coastal forests without fire. It was hypothesized that Rhizina root rot in this area might be closely related to the soil salinity, which can facilitate the growth and survival of R. undulata. So, the variation in sodium chloride (NaCl) resistance among isolates of Rhizina undulata was compared using liquid media containing different concentrations of NaCl ranging from 0 mM to 300 mM. Our results showed that, albeit of no growth at a higher concentration of NaCl (300 mM), most of R. undulata isolates were capable of germinating and grew at up to 100 mM, indicating that NaCl resistance varies among R. undulata isolates. It was further found that isolates from coastal areas seemed to be more tolerant to NaCl than those further away the coast. We demonstrated that R. undulata could be possible to survive in coastal areas, but was lower NaCl tolerance than other fungi.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• 제95권4호
• /
• pp.388-392
• /
• 2006

To investigate physiological characteristics and genetic diversity of Rhizina undulata isolates distributed in Korea, cultural characteristics and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) of 13 Rhizina undulata isolates from Pinus densiflora and P. thunbergi stands were analyzed. There were no correlations between the host species of R. undulata isolates and the mycelial growth of R. undulata isolates on culture media supplemented with water-soluble extract from the two different host species, i.e., Pinus densiflora and P. thunbergi. Genetic diversity of genomic DNA from 13 R. undulata isolates was analyzed by RAPD using 12 random primers. There was no differentiation in RAPD profiles among the isolates from Korea. But, there was some differentiation in RAPD profiles between Korean isolates and Japanese isolates, with 88% homology by phylogenetic tree analysis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제19권11호
• /
• pp.1319-1327
• /
• 2009

Marine red algae of genus Laurencia are becoming the most important resources to produce unique natural metabolites with wide bioactivities. However, reports related to Laurencia undulata, an edible species used as folk herb, are rarely found to date. In this research, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF) was isolated and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) from Laurencia undulata as well as other marine algae. The following characteristics of 5-HMF were systematically evaluated: its antioxidant activities, such as typical free-radicals scavenging in vitro by electron spin resonance spectrometry (ESR) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging; membrane protein oxidation; oxidative enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) inhibition; as well as expressions of antioxidative enzymes glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) on the gene level using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The results demonstrated that 5-HMF could be developed as a novel marine natural antioxidant or potential precursor for practical applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical fields.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• 제79권3호
• /
• pp.322-329
• /
• 1990

A group of Pinus densiflora trees attacked by Rhizina root rot were observed at Kangnung. Diseased roots are characterized by rot patches, radial rot traces or formation of adhesive soil masses. The damage has proceeded about 6m per annum, and the pathogen in the infected soil was detected by trap logs. Ascospores of Rhizina undulata was germinated by heat shock at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours or at $40^{\circ}C$ for 17 hours. The mycerial growth was optimum on PDA medium at $25-30^{\circ}C$and pH 5.6-6.3. Coniferous trees were more susceptible than non-coniferous trees in inoculation test in vitro.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
• /
• 한국어업기술학회 2001년도 춘계 수산관련학회 공동학술대회발표요지집
• /
• pp.618-619
• /
• 2001

농조개(Raphia undulata)는 일본 인도양, 태평양 및 우리나라 남서해안에 분포하며, 수심 1m 근방의 진흙에 서식한다. 패각은 가늘고 길며 성장맥이 있지만 매우 약하다. 각장은 40∼60mm, 각고 35mm 이며, 패각전면에 보라색을 띤 산 무늬가 있고, 바탕은 열은 황색이다(유, 1976; 권 등, 1993). 본 종은 일본, 대만, 홍콩, 태국 및 필리핀 등에서는 많은 연구가 이루어져 있으며, 특히 동남아시아에서는 Perna viridis, 피조개 다음으로 식용조개로서 상업적으로 중요한 위치에 있으므로, 본 종에 대한 생태, 분류학적 위치 및 종묘생산 등 많은 연구가 이루어져 있는 실정이다. (중략)

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.95-108
• /
• 1992

Sixty five soil specimens were collected from the nineteen leguminous plant roots throughout 9 sites in four Provinces from Augast 12 to November 21, 1991. VA-mycorrhizal spores isolated from the collected soils were identified and classified into four genera 21 species. However, six spores were newly found and described here: Acaulospora elegans, A. undulata, Glomus laminated spores of. macrocarpus var. macrocarpus, Gl. WUMI%3, Gl. scintillans, Scutellospora verrucosa. Species of three spores that belong to 3 genera; Acaulospora sp., Glomus sp., Scutellospora sp. were unidentified.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.273-278
• /
• 2011

Plants which had been classified to the Scrophulariaceae of the Lamiales were recently reclassified. Many of them were moved to the other families of Lamiales according to the DNA sequences of the plastid DNA. Among those, Melampyrum roseum, Phtheirospermum japonicum, Pseudolysimachion undulata, Lindernia crustacea and Mazus pumilus were chosen for phylogenetic analyses. DNA sequences of 18S rRNA gene and ITS1 of those plants were determined and deposited into GenBank (accession numbers GU359046, GU359047, GU359048, GU359049, GU359050, respectively). Analyses of those DNA sequences confirmed the current classification done on the basis of the plastid DNA sequences of Melampyrum roseum, Phtheirospermum japonicum and Pseudolysimachion undulata. However, it was not possible to classify Mazus pumilus and Lindernia crustacea due to discrepancies of analyses data.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.197-204
• /
• 1999

Some marine hydroids were collected from the eastern sea of Korea during the period from June 1989 to July 1997. Among the identified species four hydroids: Bimeria annulata (Nutting, 1901), Bougainvilla ramosa (van Beneden, 1844), Eudendrium boreale Yamada, 1954 and Plumularia undulata Yamada, 1950 were turned out to be new to Korean fauna.