• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.86-100
• /
• 1985

불포화상태(不飽和狀態)에서의 화강암질풍화토(花崗岩質風化土)의 강도특성(强度特性)을 구명(究明)하기 위(爲)하여 5종류(種類)의 화강암질풍화토(花崗岩質風化土)와 1종류(種類)의 보통(普通)흙(사질(砂質)롬)을 택(擇)하여 불교란시료(不攪亂試料) 및 교란시료(攪亂試料)를 채취(採取)하여 삼축압축시험(三軸壓縮試驗)을 한 결과(結果)를 요약(要略)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 자연상태(自然狀態)에서의 건조밀도(乾操密度)는 다짐 시험(試驗)에서 구(求)한 최대건조밀도(最大乾操密度)보다 작은 값을 나타냈고 입도배합(粒度配合)이 양호(良好)한 흙에서 건조밀도(乾操密度)는 큰값을 나타냈다. 2. 함수비(含水比)의 증가(增加)에 따라 파괴강도(破壞强度)는 감소(減少)하였고 이 현상(現象)은 점착력(粘着力)이 큰 보통(普通)흙에서 더욱 현저하게 나타났다. 3. 화강암질풍화토(花崗岩質風化土)의 강도정수중(强度定數中) 점착력(粘着力)은 작고 내부마찰각(內部摩擦角)은 컸으며 함수비(含水比)의 증가(增加)에 따라 점착력(粘着力)보다 내부마찰각(內部摩擦角)에서 감소현상(減少現象)이 크게 나타났다. 4. 변형계수(變形係數)는 함수비(含水比)의 증가(增加)에 따라서 감소(減少)하였고 이 현상(現象)은 화강암질풍화토(花崗岩質風化土)보다 보통(普通)흙에서 더욱 크게 나타났다. 5. 파괴강도(破壞强度)는 액압(液壓)이 증가(增加)함에 따라 증가(增加)하였고 이 현상(現象)은 저함수비(低含水比)에서 더욱 현저하게 나타났다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제24권8호
• /
• pp.99-109
• /
• 2008

본 연구는 군산 새만금지역의 점성토를 소성지수 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%가 되도록 벤초나이트를 첨가한 인공의 시료를 이용하여 하중재하기간을 1일, 2일, 4일, 8일 등으로 달리한 표준압밀시험을 실시하였다. 그리고 인천, 광양, 울산지역의 불교란 시료에 대한 압밀시험도 같이 수행하여 소성지수와 압밀하중재하기간이 2차 압밀에 어떤 영향이 있는지를 밝혔다. 그리고 각 소성지수에 따른 하중과 침하특성, 압밀계수특성, 압축지수 및 2차 압축지수특성, 간극수압특성을 밝히고 압축지수, 압밀계수, 2차 압축지수 등을 소성지수, 하중에 관하여 정식화하였다. 또한 정식화한 식을 이용한 1차 및 2차 압밀침하량 예측결과와 탄소성 구성모델인 수정 Cam-Clay모델과 탄 점소성 모델인 Sekiguchi모델을 이용한 예측결과를 모형시험 결과와 같이 비교하였다. 그 결과, 2차 압밀특성을 고려한 Sekiguchi모델이 매우 정도 높게 결과를 예측할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.91-98
• /
• 2010

The effective thermal conductivity of porous materials is usually determined by porosity, water content, and the conductivity of the matrix. In addition, it is also affected by the internal structure of the materials such as the size, arrangement, and connectivity of the matrix-forming grains. Based on the structural models for multi-phase materials, thermal conductivities of soils and sands measured with varying the water content were analyzed. Thermal conductivities of dry samples were likely to fall in the region between the Maxwell-Eucken model with air as the continuous phase and the matrix as the dispersed phase ($ME_{air}$) and the co-continuous (CC) model. However, water-saturated samples moved down to the region between the $ME_{wat}$ model and the series model. The predictive inconsistency of the structural models for dry and water-saturated samples may be caused by the increase of porosity for water-saturated samples, which leads to decrease of connectivity among the grains of matrix. In cases of variably saturated samples with a uniform grain size, the thermal conductivity showed progressive changes of the structural models from the $ME_{air}$ model to the $ME_{wat}$ model depending on the water content. Especially, an abrupt increase found in 0-20% of the water content, showing transition from the $ME_{air}$ model to the CC model, can be attributed to change of water from the dispersed to continuous phase. On the contrary, the undisturbed soil samples with various sizes of grains showed a gradual increase of conductivity during the transition from the $ME_{air}$ model to the CC model.

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.110-115
• /
• 2011

Numerouslong-term consolidation and secondary compression settlements may occur in Busan clay, which is astructured soft clay and consists of a thick clay deposit. As a surcharge load is applied to soils, soils experience different stress paths with depth. Therefore, it is necessary to study the long-term consolidation behavior of Busan clay considering stress conditions such as OC or NC states. In this study, a series of long-term consolidation tests were performed to investigate the consolidation characteristics of Busan clay for 20 days. The undisturbed clay samples were taken from 3 sites located in the Nakdong River estuary. The results showed that the creep rate of the Busan clay gradually decreased with time, which indicated that the secondary compression settlement decreased with time. In addition, the experimental results for 3 samples showed that the ratios were about 0.0363 and 0.051, respectively.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회
• /
• pp.203-210
• /
• 2004

Consolidation properties were analysed by means of depositional environments. Depositional environments including geochemical properties, porewater chemistry, sediment structures, particle size distributions and carbon age dating were analysed using undisturbed samples retrieved successively from a boring hole in the study area. Laboratory oedometer tests and anisotropic consolidated triaxial tests(CKoUC) were performed to examine the overconsolidation phenomenons. Based on the carbon age dating results and profiles of geochemical properties, porewater chemistry, salinity and pH, it was founded that the upper silt/clay complex layer was deposited under marine condition while sand and clay layers were deposited under fluvial condition. Planar laminated structures of silts and clays were dominant in marine deposits. Although there was no clear evidences that geological erosion had been occurred in marine deposits, overconsolidation ratio obtained from oedometer tests were greater than unity. Stress paths of samples behaved similar to those of normally consolidated clays. Data plotted in stress state charts proposed by Burland(1990) and Chandler(2000) showed that the marine deposits were geologically normally consolidated. These apparent overconsolidations can be explained by the fabric and chemical bonding due to the difference of the rate of deposition.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.149-157
• /
• 1999

Surface sediment samples collected from the eastern half of the Yellow Sea proper in 1998 were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), ubiquitous pollutants. Total PAHs concentrations varied from 1.0 to $320.5ng\;g^{-1}$ dw. Relatively high concentrations of PAHs were found in the muddy central part of the Yellow Sea. Sedimentary total PAHs concentrations in the Yellow Sea proper were similar to those of Californian offshores and the central Mediterranean Sea, albeit an order of magnitude lower than the Yellow Sea nearshore areas. Phenanthene/Anthracene concentration ratio of PAHs in bottom sediments suggested that pyrolytic PAHs might be dominant over petrogenic ones in the eastern Yellow Sea. Downcore depth distributions of PAHs from the relatively undisturbed core samples of the central Yellow Sea showed decreasing PAHs concentrations with core depths and suggested that the Yellow Sea has been increasingly exposed to PAH for decades. Annual total PAH flux to these sediments was estimated to be $166{\mu}gm^{-2}yr^{-1}$ in the central part of the Yellow Sea for the recent decade.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제90권6호
• /
• pp.788-791
• /
• 2001

본 연구는 기존의 토양 코어 시료 채취기 (double-cylinder hammer-driven soil core sampler)를 개량하여 원하는 토양 깊이에서 자연상태의 토양 코어 시료를 쉽고 편리하게 채취하여 운반, 보관할 수 있는 새로운 도구를 제시하기 위하여 수행되었다. 본 연구에서 제시된 도구와 이전에 일반적으로 사용되던 채취기와의 차이점은 1) 해머가 본체로부터 분리되고, 2) 내부 실린더가 2개로 분할되며, 3) 플라스틱 시료 보관통을 사용하도록 한 것 등이다. 본 도구는 적습한 산림토양을 대상으로 이용하는 것이 효과적이며, 해머 사용 전에 토양 시료의 압축을 줄이기 위하여 시료 채취기를 가능한 손으로 깊게 토양에 삽입한 후 해머 작업을 실시하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 생각된다. 본 도구는 채취된 토양 층위와 부피가 원래 토양과 같은 상태로 유지되는 깊이 40cm, 직경 5cm의 코어 시료 채취에 적합한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.323-330
• /
• 1999

The concepts of mounting a pressuremeter module behind a cone penetrometer was applied in the early 1980s. The pressuremeter module is of 40mm diameter with length / diameter ratio of 10 inflated by nitrogen gas. This cone pressuremeter(CPM) is used to obtain the ground characteristics consisted of mainly silty, clay and sand. Field tests such as SPT, PMT, Vane tests are also carried out to understand the ground condition. Undisturbed samples are obtained to carried out Lah tests. The results of these field and lab tests are presented, discussed in detail, and compared with each others.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.431-438
• /
• 1999

Vertical congressive and horizontal pile load tests were performed to a instrumented large diameter (D : 1,000 mm) drilled shaft. A drilled shaft was penetrated into the weathered soil and weathered rock. PMT was done for evaluation of properties for these strata. It was expected to be difficult to get undisturbed samples of weathered soils and rocks. Thus. PMT was done at the several selected depths. In those strata, to prevent the test bore hole from collapsing, bentonite slurry was used for making the test bore hole. In this study. soil properties was evaluated by means of PMT results and estimating method (direct method, the Memard method) of vertical pile capacity and horizontal pile behaviors were summarized. Also, vertical and horizontal pile capacity were calculated using PMT and pile load test results.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.309-316
• /
• 2000

When highly compressible, clayey soil layers lies at a limited depth and large consolidtion settlements are expected as the result of construction, precompression of soil may be used to minimize postconstruction settlement. In this study, we tried to find the possibility about the effect of ground improvement using flat dilatometer at the Inchon International Airport where preloading was installed. Field and laboratory tests were performed for soft ground before and after preloading in order to check the effectiveness of the soft ground improvement and compared with the test results of dilatometer which obtained before and after preloading at the same location Field tests such as flat dilatometer, vane, CPTu tests were performed before and after preloading and undisturbed samples are obtained to carry out laboratory tests. As comparing results, after preloading, unit weight, effective stress, undrained shear strength were increased and we can also check the decrease of consolidation late caused of decrease of void ratio. Furthermore, it is assumed that the possibility on the effect of ground improvement by using the flat dilatometer