• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.35-46
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• 2008

This paper defines a diagram showing the characteristics of service connections in SOA, and it designs the connection testing with the diagram. The detail steps of building test requirements in the test design phase are explained, and the steps are applied to two different enterprise cases as examples. The cases are real SOA system of real enterprises. Recently, many enterprises have been trying to reconfigure their system as SOA systems. However, these projects are hard to be applied to their mission-critical real systems, since there is few testing technique understanding SOA characteristics, One of the missing characteristics of SOA in testing is that SOA needs a layering systems between business processes and applications. This paper focuses on the layering system of SOA to solve the testing problem in SOA.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.223-230
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• 2002

As evolution of multimedia technology brings changes to industries concerned with design, new education program is needed to cultivate designers with abilities which are adapted to changed circumstance. This paper is purposed to show guideline to set up a fundamental course for multimedia design in which students know what are new presentation modes and learn how to use them, Multimedia design call for abilities of organizing information, representing, and implementing interactivity. Among them, fundamental course considers representing information as central subject. And it also contains lessons which are relative to proceeding courses. It should have students to experience creative composition and various expressions, and study cognitive or aesthetic effects of them. All activities are based on the understanding about presentation factors and principles. Basic course's lessons are composed by two main subjects, which are essential expression and matters relative to organization and interactivity. Described in detail, lessons are divided into three phases. First phase is combining presentation factors for affective effects, second is delivering message of various knowledges and third is forming simple interaction.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.213-235
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to recognize the meanings of plastic language by analyzing the sign of the Graffiti depicted in western modern costumes. And the scope of this study was focused on analysing the costumes from 1980's when the Graffiti was recognized as one of the plastic arts. Graffiti was an unprofessional and covert desire of self-expression, having a close relation with our lives. It was used in diverse ways with repeating creation, development, and extinction, from expressing liveliness in Old Stone Age through describing symbolic meaning in the modern art. Graffiti means rude, humorous, or political writing and pictures on the walls of buildings. It's different from the delicate letters or pictures to inscript on the tree or rocks. Being introduced as part of Post-modernism in the 1970s, Graffiti was acknowledged as a new artistic action with the culture of hip-hop. In addition the Graffiti, the expression of sign was reflected artist's internal consciousness with boundless sign. The sign is something to transmit message from the nonverbal point of view, the oldest sign was the sign for petition or the expression of something as a primitive form. Sign can be defined as a framework of life inherited as a practice from the primitive age long past. Graffiti was cited as a concrete example of sign, theme of this paper, and general understanding on sign expression was pursued through free work which all artists present with essential and positive ways using signs, their own languages, and life style. The result of this study was summarized as follows: Since the end of the 20th century, a lot of fashion designers have represented symbolic images, such as letter and signs, as purely personal ways of expression through the western costumes. It was found that fashion designers of the Graffiti whose free work style from inherent inner consciousness might provide a basic framework to search for complex signs of modem costumes naturally understood life itself as plastic art, and sublimated human inherent desire and their inner world through their works.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.132-148
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• 2009

The objective of this article is to examine the possibility of 'story-telling' as united concept of causality and subjectivity through sequence combination, and the 'similarity' between object and image in fashion photographs making diversity of meanings. To analyze and investigate the research, as evidential data this paper used the photos of Steven Meisel from 2002 till 2007 Vogue published in Korea, U.S, and Italy, as well as other visual data like graphic collections, catalogs, art-related data and internet data. This research runs both theoretical and positive investigations to suggest the function of story-telling in the Process of opened-communicative roles of fashion photos. Thus this paper investigated Steven Meisel's storytelling in his fashion photos; short moment of event, continuity of time, compound of sequence, and complexity of viewpoint. This paper also studied the aesthetic characteristics of Steven Meisel's fashion photos as categories of overlapped meaning, arbitrariness of interpretation, exclusivity of message, and decoding. The research result suggests that clothing not only includes current age's value but also among social constitutions it includes multilateral characteristics. Ultimately this paper is also making meaning alive by cutting off the chain of 'firm' meanings of fashion photo. That seems like opening the opportunity for correctly understanding fashion's meaning which has the aspects of ambivalence of changing meanings and values by the motivation of context and text.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.504-513
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• 2013

Communication in delay tolerant networks (DTNs) relies on message transport by mobile nodes, and a correct understanding of the node mobility characteristics is therefore crucial to the design of an efficient DTN routing protocol. However, previous work has mainly focused on uncovering all behaviors of node movement, which is not conducive to accurately detecting the specific movement characteristics of a different node. In this paper, we seek to address this problem based on a consideration of social relationships. We first consider social ties from both static and dynamic perspectives. For a static perspective, in addition to certain accidental events, social relations are considered for a long time granularity and tend to be stable over time. For a dynamic perspective, social relations are analyzed in a relatively short time granularity and are likely to change over time. Based on these perspectives, we adopted different efficient approaches to dividing node pairs into two classes, i.e., familiar and unfamiliar pairs. A threshold approach is used for static social ties whereas a density-based aggregation method is used for dynamic social relationships. Extensive experimental results show that both familiar and unfamiliar node pairs have the same inter-contact time distribution, which closely follows a power-law decay up to a certain point, beyond which it begins to exponentially decay. The results also demonstrate that the inter-contact time distribution of familiar pairs decays faster than that of unfamiliar pairs, whether from a static or dynamic perspective. In addition, we also analyze the reason for the difference between the inter-contact time distributions of both unfamiliar and familiar pairs.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.97-117
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• 2004

The tradition of architecture in the East and the West are different in many ways. One of the basic cause of such difference, however, is the different ways of perception of space and time. This paper aims to identify the attitude of perception of space and time in the cultures of the East and the West, and its influence on architecture. Degrees of importance placed on either space or time, as well as the modes of perception of space and time are discussed in relation to architecture. Basically, the architecture of the West seems to be more spatially oriented than the East, and this have much to do with the fact that the tradition of Western architecture is visually oriented. On the other hand, East Asian architecture have been more conscious on bodily feeling and its movement in architecture. Spatial units of traditional Eastern architecture, are arranged in such a way in which man can experience the change of space that is supposed to be organized to form a sequential message. Thus, in the East, temporal dimension is more deliberately included in the course of architectural experience compared to the cases of the West. Although it is not easy to attempt any kind of value judgment on such aspects, it is necessary to understand how the different perception of space and time influenced architectural outcome, especially when one wants to understand the cultural cause that have made the architectures of the East and the West very different. Such understanding is particularly important in East Asia where their future of architecture depends much on how they harmonize the Eastern and Western background which are already built up as two cultural structure in their consciousness to be able to create more desirable architecture for themselves.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.23
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• pp.111-130
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to illuminate eroticism represented din modern fashion. Art based on sex is very important like all of the other cultural values. But we feel that erotic art, neglected, suppressed , and persecuted for centuries, has an important contribution to make to the understanding of art, the social history of mankind, and human happiness and progress. It is our deep personal conviction that erotic art serves important social and therapeutic functions. Erotic art expresses the demand for sexual freedom-a freedom vital to individual happiness and mental well-being, And sexual freedom, in turn, cannot exist without a high degree of political and economic freedom as well. In that sense , erotic art came a truly revolutionaly message ; it demands no less than extension of freedom , not only in the sexual are, but in every sphere of social life. What is eroticism \ulcorner Eroticism must be distinguished from a mere animal reproduction . Eroticism is deeply rooted in the cultural tradition of myth, religion , customes and art. It also has a close relationship with psychological activities of our life. Eroticism is a kind of psychological revolution in the development of human civilization. Eroticism is related to different kinds of art, which express internal spirit of human especially Surrealism. Surrealism is above all a movement of the conquest and deepening of the unconscious. The exploitation of Freud's discoveries opended a new, practically unlimited path for artistic studies to Surrealism . Especially all theory of mental psychoanalysis a affected artists greatly in western art, Freud was appraised highly on his achievements by art critics in art history on his achievements by art critics in art history. As far as erotic subject matter was concerned, Surrealism provided a means of presentig it. Pop Art is not actually a movement , born at a specific time and place, nor is it an easy concept to define. The term first appeared in Great Britain during the fifties, when it referred, particularly in the decorative arts, to an inclination to go back and imitate the stereotyped images of the mass media : film, advertising , cartoons, and other popular consumer products. The eroticism expressed in Pop Art calls the modern's attentions to their devastated minds, taking advantage of the commercialized sex. Fashion has developed constantly reflecting the spiritual aspiration and social and cultural phenomona of man , and artistic steam. Eroticism in fashion is the style which expresses the internal meanings of sexuality through the texture, color, pattern , silhouette etc.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.34-48
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• 1985

The purpose of this study was to find out healtk education activities of the 435 school nurses in the secondary schools in Seoul. A questionaire was sent by mail on March 11, 1985 and received a total of 252 responds till April 4, 1985. Among them, 230 were included in final analysis. Those of 22 school nurses who have worked not more than one year were excluded. The results of the findings obtained of this study are summarized as follows: 1. An average number of health education activities carried out by the school nurses turned out to be 31.7 times/nurse/year. 2. The practice rates of health education activities by contents of health education were revealed as follows: on parasite disease 89.6%, hepatitis 89.1%, physical examination 87.3%, influenza 84.3%, etc. Health education on drinking and smoking, drug abuse were the lowest rate as 37.8% and 40.9%. 3. The practice rates of health education by the school nurses according to the health education methods were shown as follows: instruction by the teacher 90.9%, bulletin boards in the classroom 73.0%, message to home notices 72.676, etc. 4. Difficulties in carrying out health education programs by the school nurse were analysed accord-ing to Likert's five point scale. The scores on item to the no availability of teaching tools and tips were 3.90, no availability of audiovisual aids 3.801 lack of understanding from the school principals 3. 30, insufficient time of the school nurse 3.26, no guidance or unproper form of health education material 3.20, lack of knowledge of educational method 3.18. As a conclusion of this study, the development of the supporting system to health education activities and programs for improvement of school health education is strongly needed from policy making level.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have always mattered in agriculture too. In day-to-day practices of agriculture and allied sectors, the farmers often share their information. Changing weather patterns, soil conditions, pests and diseases always throw challenges to small and marginal farmers. So, the farmer needs up-dated information to cope with and even benefit from these changes. In the developing countries like India, where agriculture still plays a crucial role (over 58% of the rural households depend on agriculture as their livelihood) and the rising population from 1027 million to 1419 million during 2001-16 (a total rise of 38 percent or 1.3 percent per year) pose a lot of pressure on land and other resources to meet the food security needs on one hand and to meet the challenges of globalization on the other. Understanding and addressing these challenges are very crucial, in which ICT can play a major role. With the booming mobile, wireless, and Internet industries, ICT has found a foothold even in poor marginal and smallholder farms and in their activities. The survey conducted among the 120 farmers in Srikakulam district in India revealed that, ICT has revolutionized the agriculture in the modern days. Production and marketing information is accessed by 91% of the sample farmers through mobile in 2015, where it was only 5% in 2005. The extent of use of mobile phones by the farmers varied with the decision to be taken by them like Harvesting, packing, and storing (94%), Selling Decision (91%), Seed purchase (89%), Application of fertilizers and pesticides (88%) and Land preparation and planting (84%), other package of practices (77%). The farmers further opined that, 'Voice' was the dominating source of communication (96%) compared to Short Message Service (SMS) (only 27%) and Internet access (10%), as majority are illiterate. The use of camera (71%), Bluetooth (33%), Radio (61%) TV (41%) are the other means of sharing the information. In this context of importance of ICTs in Indian agriculture, greater attention justifies about the applications of ICT's to alleviate poverty and promote economic growth of the farming population.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.233-246
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• 2015

Focus on Digital Fashion Image, the conceptual framework for the thesis is established from Virtuality in Digital Art. Formative characteristics and aesthetic characteristics were studied by classifying the Digital Fashion Image applied and expressed by digital media and technology. A detective research method was used for a case study. A literature study for case-by-case data was analyzed with focus on the works expressing fashion that utilized digital media and technology since the 2000s. Through this study, the Digital revolution has created the socio-cultural impact of a Virtual representation to implement technology and fashion culture that finds ways to take advantage of the image shown in a Digital Fashion Media by understanding Virtuality. The results are as follows. First, it was a re-formation of the fashion culture through the experience of virtuality with mental zone parameters between the media 'Mediation Code'. Reflect the reality of the virtual environment as represented by a cultural image of fashion brands and fashion that reset the team relationship and formed a Homo Ludens cultural code. Second, 'Interactive Exchange' acts on the exchange interaction between the method of digital technology, the human and the machine as well as the technical interoperability of network elements and techniques. This exchange is applied to fashion images that express emotion. Forming personalized fashion items and the user interactively storage that expresses the interactive exchange to forward the identity of the emotional fashion by a change in the message delivery system fashion. Third, the emphasis on intuitive artistic expression 'Synesthesia Immersion' induces a sense of immersion and excitement through the fusion of the interconnected. Enhance a visual image in fashion sensory representation and maximize a tactile and visual virtual reality involvement.