• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.70-75
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship among emotional eating behavior, tendency to eat palatable foods, and several risk factors. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study was carried out on 2,434 persons (1,736 women and 698 men) aged between 19 and 64 years. A questionnaire form was used as a data collection tool, which consisted of items for the socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, Emotional Appetite Questionnaire (EMAQ), and the Palatable Eating Motives Scale (PEMS). RESULTS: A positive significant correlation was observed between the BMI groups and the negative emotions, negative situations, and negative total scores of EMAQ (P < 0.01). The regression results on negative subscales showed that a one unit increase in BMI resulted in a 0.293 unit increase in negative situations scores, a 0.626 unit increase in negative emotions scores, and a 0.919 unit increase in negative total EMAQ scores. When the BMI groups and PEMS subscale scores were examined, a significant relationship was found in the social motives, rewarding, and conformity subscales (P < 0.01). A one unit increase in BMI increased the coping motives scores by 0.077 units. CONCLUSION: The emotional states have a significant effect on the eating behavior. On the other hand, an increase in eating attacks was observed, particularly in people who were under the effect of a negative emotion or situation. Nevertheless, there were some limitations of the study in terms of quantitative determination of the effects of this eating behavior depending on the BMI.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.249-258
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• 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the factors of dietary and health behavior according to the employment in women in early adulthood and to analyze their relationship. Methods: In this study, adult women aged 20~29 who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2016~2019 were classified into two groups depending on their permanent worker status, namely tenured employees (n = 254) and temporary employees (n = 377). Dietary habits (prevalence of skipping meals, food nutrition label use, etc.), nutrient intake, and metabolic syndrome factors were analyzed. Results: The tenured employees' group showed a significantly lower proportion of subjects who skipped breakfast (P = 0.0254) and significantly higher daily energy intake (P = 0.0264) than the temporary employees' group. However, there were no significant differences in the intake of energy nutrients and most of the micronutrients per 1,000 kcal of energy intake between the two groups. The proportion of subjects who consumed energy nutrients under 75% of the estimated energy requirement (EER) was 38.11% in the tenured employees' group, which was significantly lower than the 48.30% in the temporary employees' group (P = 0.0159). In economically active women aged 19~29 years, the odds ratio of low HDL-cholesterolemia prevalence was 1.80 times higher (95% CI, 1.06-3.06) in the temporary employees' group compared to that in the tenured employees' group after adjustment for confounding factors (P = 0.0295). Conclusions: In conclusion, among Korean adult women in their twenties, temporary employees showed inappropriate eating habits such as skipping breakfast, and had abnormal blood lipid levels.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.568-578
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Psidium guajava L. (guava) leaves have been shown to exhibit hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effects in rodents. This study investigated the effects of guava leaf extract on adipogenesis, glucose uptake, and lipolysis of adipocytes to examine whether the antidiabetic properties are mediated through direct effects on adipocytes. MATERIALS/METHODS: 3T3-L1 cells were treated with 25, 50, 100 ㎍/mL of methanol extract from guava leaf extract (GLE) or 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide as a control. Lipid accumulation was evaluated with Oil Red O Staining and AdipoRed assay. Immunoblotting was performed to measure the expression of adipogenic transcription factors, fatty acid synthase (FAS), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Glucose uptake under basal or insulin-stimulated condition was measured using a glucose analog 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino]-2-deoxy-D-glucose. Lipolysis from fully differentiated adipocytes was measured by free fatty acids release into the culture medium in the presence or absence of epinephrine. RESULTS: Oil Red O staining and AdipoRed assay have shown that GLE treatment reduced lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation. Mitotic clonal expansion, an early essential event for adipocyte differentiation, was inhibited by GLE treatment. GLE inhibited the expression of transcription factors involved in adipocyte differentiation, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 𝛄 (PPAR𝛄), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c). FAS expression was also decreased while the phosphorylation of AMPK was increased by GLE treatment. In addition, GLE increased insulin-induced glucose uptake into adipocytes. In lipid-filled mature adipocytes, GLE enhanced epinephrine-induced lipolysis but reduced basal lipolysis dose-dependently. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that GLE inhibits adipogenesis and improves adipocyte function by reducing basal lipolysis and increasing insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes, which can be partly associated with antidiabetic effects of guava leaves.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.78-88
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• 2021

The annual consumption of fishery products, particularly sea squirt (Halocynthia roretzi), per person has steadily increased in South Korea. However, the quantitative risk of Vibrio parahaemolyticus following intake of sea squirt has not been analyzed. This study focuses on quantitative predictions of the probability of consuming sea squirt and getting of V. parahaemolyticus foodborne illness. The prevalence of V. parahaemolyticus in sea squirt was evaluated, and the time spent by sea squirt in transportation vehicles, market displays, and home refrigerators, in addition to the temperature of each of these, were recorded. The data were fitted to the @RISK program to obtain a probability distribution. Predictive models were developed to determine the fate of V. parahaemolyticus under distribution conditions. A simulation model was prepared based on experimental data, and a dose-response model for V. parahaemolyticus was prepared using data from literature to estimate infection risk. V. parahaemolyticus contamination was detected in 6 of 35 (17.1%) sea squirt samples. The daily consumption quantity of sea squirt was 62.14 g per person, and the consumption frequency was 0.28%. The average probability of V. parahaemolyticus foodborne illness following sea squirt consumption per person per day was 4.03 × 10^-9. The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk of foodborne illness caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus following sea squirt consumption in South Korea.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.46-61
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: An increasing life expectancy in society has burdened healthcare systems substantially because of the rising prevalence of age-related metabolic diseases. This study compared the effects of animal protein hydrolysate (APH) and casein on metabolic diseases using aged mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: Eight-week-old and 50-week-old C57BL/6J mice were used as the non-aged (YC group) and aged controls (NC group), respectively. The aged mice were divided randomly into 3 groups (NC, low-APH [LP], and high-APH [HP] and fed each experimental diet for 12 weeks. In the LP and HP groups, casein in the AIN-93G diet was substituted with 16 kcal% and 24 kcal% APH, respectively. The mice were sacrificed when they were 63-week-old, and plasma and hepatic lipid, white adipose tissue weight, hepatic glucose, lipid, and antioxidant enzyme activities, immunohistochemistry staining, and mRNA expression related to the glucose metabolism on liver and muscle were analyzed. RESULTS: Supplementation of APH in aging mice resulted in a significant decrease in visceral fat (epididymal, perirenal, retroperitoneal, and mesenteric fat) compared to the negative control (NC) group. The intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and area under the curve analysis revealed insulin resistance in the NC group, which was alleviated by APH supplementation. APH supplementation reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis and increased glucose utilization in the liver and muscle. Furthermore, APH supplementation improved hepatic steatosis by reducing the hepatic fatty acid and phosphatidate phosphatase activity while increasing the hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity. Furthermore, in the APH supplementation groups, the red blood cell (RBC) thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and hepatic H₂O₂ levels decreased, and the RBC glutathione, hepatic catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities increased. CONCLUSIONS: APH supplementation reduced visceral fat accumulation and alleviated obesity-related metabolic diseases, including insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis, in aged mice. Therefore, high-quality animal protein APH that reduces the molecular weight and enhances the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score has potential as a dietary supplement for healthy aging.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.43-43
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• 2017

During grain filling period, rice is affected by many environmental factors; including temperature, water, radiation and soil nutrition condition. In future climate, greater shading and heat tolerance will be required in rice. In this study, the effect of shading and high temperature on spikelet sterility was conducted on fourteen Vietnamese cultivars. Field experiments were studied in 2015 and 2016 to evaluate the response of Vietnamese cultivars under high temperature during grain filling stage. The high temperature and shading were applied by closing two sides of growth chamber and covered by a black cloth (50% reduced solar radiation) under the field condition after the first cultivar heading. The sterility increased significantly under high temperature and shading. The highest percentage sterile spiketlets was observed in 'Jasmine 85' (71.7%) under shading and in 'OM4900' (53.4%) under high temperature in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Among the treatments, the percentage of sterile spekelets in Vietnamese cultivars under shading was highest which was 54.9% and 41.8% in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Yield components reduced significantly in both of shading and high temperature. Corresponding with significantly decrease in yield components, the yield in high temperature and shading decreased strongly in both 2015 and 2016.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.558-567
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate recognition, dietary attitude and education needs for reducing sodium intakes of dietitian at customized home visiting health service (CHVHS). Methods: The subjects were 75 dietitian at CHVHS. We investigated several variables (recognition, dietary attitude, education needs for reducing sodium intakes) and determined sodium intakes level of subjects as 'low', 'middle' and 'high' by Dish Frequency Questionnaire 25 (DFQ 25). Also, we assessed the differences in recognition, dietary attitude, sodium intake level and education needs by dietitian career period (under 3 yrs vs. over 3 yrs) at CHVHS. Results: In recognition related reducing sodium intake, they showed 'checking a sodium content in nutrition labeling' score 2.5/4.0 and 'perception difference between sodium and salt' score 3.1/4.0. There was no difference in the recognition between under 3yrs' group and over 3yrs' group. In dietary attitude related reducing sodium intake, they showed 'palatability for salty taste' score 0.8/1.0, 'attitude in related soups' 0.7/1.0, 'attitude in related using natural spice' 0.6/1.0. There was a difference in 'attitude in related soups' between under 3yrs' group and over 3yrs' group (0.6 vs. 0.7). In sodium intake level by DFQ 25, they showed 'low group' 41.3%, 'middle group' 41.3% and 'high group' 17.3%. There was no difference in the distribution of sodium intake level by the career. In education needs related reducing sodium intakes, there were 'teaching experience' 93.3%, 'have a difficulty in teaching about reducing sodium intakes' 86.6%, and 'necessity of education for CHVHS dietitians' 100.0%. 'Needed education contents for CHVHS dietitians' were ranked as 'cooking way to reduce sodium intake' 58.7%, 'relation between hypertension and sodium' 17.3%, 'composing way to reduce sodium intake' 17.3%. There was a difference in needed education contents 'relationship between hypertension and sodium' (33.3% vs. 2.6%) and 'The cooking way to reduce sodium intake' (38.9% vs. 76.9%) by the career. Conclusions: The results suggested that a capacity training program for reducing sodium intake may be needed for dietitians at CHVHS to improve health of the community elderly. For effective training program related reducing sodium intake for dietitians at CHVHS, it may be necessary to consider the career period as dietitians at CHVHS.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.17-42
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• 1997

From September 2, 1995 through October 31, this questionnaire was made by the 1, 200 industrial workers who work for 15 enterprises of 5 types of business. And it was for helping to devise a policy and to develop a program for industrial workers' health promotion by understanding the consciousness behavior level of industrial workers in our country and the related factors which are under the influence of it and health promotion behavior. The summary and conclusions are as follows. 1. In health promotion score level by related factors, the health diagmosis level score was 7. 37(81.9/100) of the perfect score 9, nutrition level score was 7.00(77.8/100), health education behavior level score was 6.00(66.7/100), exercise behavior level score was 6.01(66.8/100), occupational disease knowledge level score was 6.00(66.7/100). 2. Health diagnosis behavior level was significantly high when the age is older, when the occupation term is longer, when the economic status is better. And wjem tje satosfoed degree for vocational aptitude, working environment, and the education contents. 3. Nutrition (dietary habit) status level was high in men, in the age group of 40 over, in the group of having their spouse, in the group of being paid over one million won a month, in the upper economic classes (P〈0.001). It was also high in graduates middle school and in daytime workers (P〈0.05). 4. Health education behavior level was high in the older ahe hroup, in a single life (separation by death, divouce, separation) and in the longer occupation term(P〈0.001). 5. Exercises behavior level was high in men, in the workers who are paid 500～990 thousand won a month, in the better economic classes(P〈0.01). 6. Knowledge level on an occupational disease was high in men, in the older age group, in the group of having a spouse, In the workers who are paid 500～990 thousand won a month, in the group of having a longer occupation term, and in the residents living not in a large city(P〈0.01). 7. When health status was higher, health promotion behavior, behavior level, health diagnosis (P〈0.001), nutrition(P〈0.05), health education behavior (P〈0.05), exercise behavior(P〈0.01) and the knowledge level on an occupation disease was high. 8. The main factors which are under the influence on the degree of practicing healthy life were the level of knowledge and behavior, sex, his/her health status, and the satisfied degree of working environment. These variables could explain it 18.0%. 9. The factors which are under the influence on health promotion behavior and behavior levels were the variables of the satisfied degerr of education contents, sex, health knowledge, economic status, health status, occupation terms, monthly income, working tiredness. These variables could explain it 21.3%. By these results, it is inportant for industrial workers' health promotion to level up the health diagnosis behavior, dietary habit considering nutrition, behavior on health education, behavior for exercise, and knowledge on an occupational disease. Especially we should develop the proper program considered sex, health status, satisfied degree of working environment and education contents, economic status, eccupation terms, knowledge on health, and behavior level. Because health promotion business gies in gear with productivity promotion.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1151-1156
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• 2005

채소류의 산화방지 지표로서 ORAC측정결과 산화방지 능력이 우수하다고 보고되어진 13가지 채소류를 선정하여 DPPH 라디칼 소거능을 관찰하고 이들의 phenol 함량을 분석한 결과, 비트, 가지, 케일의 DPPH 라디칼 소거능이 우수한 것으로 나타났으며, 이들은 총 phenol 함량 또한 높아 이들 사이의 양의 상관관계가 있음을 알 수 있었다 반면, 알팔파 스프라우트(alfalfa sprout), 브로컬리, 시금치 등에서는 phenol 함량은 높은 것에 비해 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 그다지 우수하지 못했다. 또한 세포모델에서 LLC-$PK_{1}$ 세포에 radical generator인 AAPH 처리를 함으로써 채소류의 산화적 스트레스에 대한 개선효과 살펴본 결과, 가지와 컬리플라워가 높은 세포 생존율을 보여 가장 우수한 산화적 스트레스 개선 효과를 가진 것으로 나타났으며, 그 다음으로 비트,당근 등의 산화적 스트레스 개선효과가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 특히 가지는 총 phenol 함량도 높을 뿐 아니라, DPPH 라디칼 소거능과 세포모델에서의 산화적 스트레스에 대한 개선효과도 뛰어나 우수한 항산화기능성을 지닌 채소류로 사료된다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2012

Purpose: The aims of this study was to compare and evaluate the clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and prognosis for infants under age 1 year with CMV hepatitis and those with viral hepatitis of unknown etiology. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted of infants under age 1 year who were admitted with acute hepatitis. The exclusion criteria consisted of: autoimmune, genetic, metabolic, toxic, HAV, HBV, HCV, toxoplasma, rubella, herpes simplex, and Epstein-Barr virus. The 30 patients included were divided into two groups based on markers for CMV (IgM anti-CMV, CMV PCR in urine, CMV culture in urine). Results: The median age of patients (n=15) was 2.8 months. No other organ involvement was detected in any patient. Peak serum total bilirubin levels (n=4) ranged from 2.6 to 6.7 mg/dL. Peak serum ALT levels ranged from 51 to 1,581 IU/L. The duration of ALT elevation ranged from 1.5 weeks to 26 weeks (median 9 weeks). All had recovered in full without ganciclovir; there were no cases of hearing loss. The median age of controls (n=15) was 2.5 months. Peak serum total bilirubin levels (n=4) ranged from 1.6 to 9.1 mg/dL. Peak serum ALT levels ranged from 26 to 1,794 IU/L. No significant differences were observed between both groups regarding the peak serum ALT levels, peak serum total bilirubin levels, duration of hyperbilirubinemia and ALT elevation. Conclusion: Although it was not possible to differentiate congenital infection with perinatal infection in this study, the prognosis of patients with CMV hepatitis without other organ involvement was good without ganciclovir treatment.