• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.114-122
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• 2012

선형가속기의 출력선량의 평가는 표준선원에 의한 조사선량교정인수 $N_x$나 공기커마교정인수 $N_k$또는 더 나아가 물흡수 선량교정인수를 가진 공동전리함을 이용하여 이루어지며, 선량프로토콜에 따라 교정인수가 다르다. $N_x$를 사용하는 TG-21 프로토콜은 Bragg-Gray 공동이론에 근거하여 기체흡수교정인수를 구하고 공동전리함의 내경과 벽재질과 두께, 공동길이 등에 따라 보정인수가 정해지므로 다소 복잡한 계산절차를 가지므로 누적오차가 발생할 수 있다. TG-51은 물 흡수선량교정인수를 이용하므로써 복잡한 절차를 크게 줄여 계산오차를 피할 수 있게 되었다. 대개 1차표준국에서는 $N_x$나 $N_k$ 및 $N_{dw}{^{Co-60}}$을 제공하여 왔으므로, $N_{dw}$가 정해지지 않은 TM31010 계열의 공동전리함에 대해 $N_x$ 또는 $N_k$로 TG-21을 이용하여 $N_{dw}$를 결정하는 프로그램을 준비했으며, 기존 $N_x$와 $N_{dw}$가 제공된 IC-15 전리함의 것과 비교하여 좋은 일치결과를 얻었다. 반면에 TM31010은 이차표준국(SSDL, Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory)에서 제공된 $N_k$로 $N_{dw}$를 구한 결과 우송형 열형광소자(TLD, Thermo Luminescence Device)에 의한 출력선량모니터 결과 불안정한 결과를 계기로 한국 표준과학연구원의 1차 표준선량시험(PSDL)의 교정인수와 비교한 결과 0.4%와 -2.8%로 각각 나타나 SSDL의 교정인수와 차이를 보여, $N_{dw}$가 정해져 있지 않거나 평가선량이 의심스러울 때는 선량프로토콜의 절차에 과한 세밀한 검토와 전리함의 교정계수에 대한 교차점검이 필요함을 알았다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.142-149
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 면류에서 면역친화컬럼을 이용한 데옥시니발레놀의 HPLC분석법을 검증하고, 분석과정에서 발생될 수 있는 불확도를 GUM 지침에 따라 측정하였다. 검출한 계와 정량한계는 7.5 ${\mu}g$/kg과 18.8 ${\mu}g$/kg이었고 검량선은 20~500 ${\mu}g$/kg 농도범위 에서 0.9999의 높은 상관성을 보였다. 대표적인 밀 가공품인 건면과 라면에 데옥시니 발레놀을 200 ${\mu}g$/kg과 500 ${\mu}g$/kg을 첨가하여 회수율과 반복성올 측정한 결과, 건면에서는 $82{\pm}2.7%$와 $87{\pm}1.3%$의 결과를 얻었고, 라면에서는 $97{\pm}1.6%$와 $91{\pm}12.0%$로 측정되었다. 한편, 불확도 측정을 위한 첫 단계로, 분석과정에서의 불확도 요인은 시료량 측정, 최종 시료부피, 보관표준용액, 작업표준용액, 표준용액, 기기, 매질, 검량선 작성으로 구분하였다. 불확도 요인의 구성요인은 저울의 안정성, 분해능, 재현성, 표준물질의 순도, 분자량, 농도, 표준용액 희석, 검량선, 회수율 및 분석기기의 재현성 풍이 작용하였다. 건면과 라면에 데옥시니발레놀을 200과 500 ${\mu}g$/kg을 첨가하여 분석한 결과 건면에서는 $163.8{\pm}52.1\;{\mu}g$/kg, $435.2{\pm}91.6\;{\mu}g$/kg으로 측정되었고 라면에서는 $194.3{\pm}33.0\;{\mu}g$/kg, $453.2{\pm}91.1\;{\mu}g$/kg으로 측정되었다. 확장불확도는 합성표준불확도에 포함인자(k=2, 신뢰수준 95%)를 곱하여 산출하였다. 건면과 라면에서 데옥시니발레놀을 분석함에 있어 불확도에 영향을 주는 주요인자는 시료의 회수율과 검량선 작성인 것으로 파악되었다. 따라서 면류 시료에서 데옥시니발레놀 것으로 분석의 정밀성을 높이기 위해서는 회수율과 검량선 작성에 영향을 끼칠 수 있는 분석과정을 확인하고 오차를 최소화 할 수 있는 방안을 모색해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.494-504
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• 2006

This research proposes a reliability-based topology optimization (RBTO) using the finite element method. RBTO is a topology optimization based on probabilistic (or reliability) constraints. Young's modulus, thickness, and loading are considered as the uncertain variables and RBTO is applied to static and eigenvalue problems. The RBTO problems are formulated and a sensitivity analysis is performed. In order to compute probability constraints, two methods-RIA and PMA-are used. Several examples show the effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing the classical safety factor method.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2004년도 학술.기술논문발표회
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• pp.113-117
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• 2004

We need the contingency cost in order to deal with the uncertainty to be accompanied inevitably at the construction and an every kind risk not to forecast in advance. And also the contingency colt needed for the change order and we need it for reduction of the delay and reduce the trouble between owner and constructor. This study, through checking and analyzing the risk factor, in the step of domestic construction, suggests optimal management reserve to specific business about the contract type and the scale. The main results of this research are summarized as follow. First, I investigated the recognition about the contingency cost, grasped the risk to be happened at the construction step and found out the frequency occurrence, through making up question to engineer are carrying out their job in the domestic construction. Second, I computed optimal contingency cost rate by the statistics investigation, and proposed an improvement plan and problem when compute a contingency cost.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1969-1971
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• 2004

For evaluation of partial discharge performances of electrical power appratus such as Insulator, circuit breaker and transformer and so on, Partial discharge measuring system(ERA) consisted of PD detector including amplifier, coupling capacitor, PD calibrator and voltage divider are used PD measuring system is very important factor which affect the test result and show reliability of test result in test laboratory, In this paper, we describe tracebility and uncertainty of PD measuring system in test laboratory based on IEC 60270.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제20권44호
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• pp.13-32
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• 1997

The modem society has been talked as the age of uncertainty, the age discontinuity and the information society. The future society is forcasted the creativity society. Both the achievement motive and the creativity be suggested as an important factors to accomplish the individual goals and organizational performance. The achievement motive has the major implications in increasing the level of achievement motive between high and low creative group. The employee creativity is the emergence in action of a novel relational product, growing out of the uniqueness of the individual on the hand, and materals, events people or cirumstances of his life on the other. It has been treated as an impotant factor to solve the complex management ploblems for the management. The major purpose of this study are (1) to review the theory of an achievement motivation and the creativity, (2) to provide both management and scholars with the practical and useful implications on the development of the employee cretivity in improving the management performance.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2007

Liquefaction-induced lateral spreading continues to be a major cause of damage to deep foundations. Currently there is a huge uncertainty associated with the maximum lateral pressures and forces applied by the liquefied soil to deep foundations. Furthermore, recent centrifuge and is shaking table tests of pile foundations indicate that the permeability of the liquefied sand is an extremely important and poorly understood factor. This article presents experimental results and analysis of one of the centrifuge tests that were conducted at the 150 g-ton RPI centrifuge to investigate the effect of soil permeability in the response of single piles and pile groups to lateral spreading.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.104-114
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• 2006

Recently, the PPP (Public-Private-Participate) program on water and wastewater services in Korea has been under an active debate. However, the controversy has reached the limits of getting more valuable implications from past foreign experience beyond conceptual and/or qualitative case studies. This paper analyze scientifically and quantitatively the Buenos Aires Water Concession Project focused on propriety of the contract using system dynamics modeling. The results show that Buenos Aires's Project has several problems in the contract phase even though Argentina government spent much time to design it. Analysis results suggest that estimation of K factor considering delay effect and future uncertainty, reduction of the first fixed terms of contract, etc., are needed for a proper contract.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제22권A호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2002

The accurate wind speed information at the hub height of a wind turbine is very essential to the exact estimation of the wind turbine power performance testing. Several methods on the site calibration, which is a technique to estimate the wind speed at the wind turbine's hub height based on the measured wind data using a reference meteorological mast, are introduced. A site calibration result and the wind resource assessment for the Taekwanryung test site are presented using a one-month wind data from a reference meteorological mast and a temporal mast installed at the site of wind turbine. From this analysis, it turns out that the current location of the reference meteorological mast is wrongly determined, and the self-developed codes for the site calibration are working properly. Besides, an analysis on the uncertainty allocation for the wind speed correction using site calibration is performed.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.163-186
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• 1998

The psychological work environments which facilitate technology innovations in organizations are divided into two dimensions of supportive work environments and uncertain work environments. The measurement variables have significant reliability. And the confirmatory factor analysis confirm the construct validity of two dimensional work environments. Two work environments have the significant effects on motivations to the technology innovations. So, simple and hierarchical regression analyses confirm criterion-related validity. Therefore, Both of the uncertain work environments(uncertainty of external-organizational environments and tasks) and the two important work environments(supporting idea, resource supply, job autonomy) are the two important psychological work environments which indicate technology innovations in organizations. Measures for innovative psychological work environments are provided.