• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.715-720
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• 2002

A mutant Arabidopsis thaliana which is very sensitive to Ultraviolet-B(UV-B) radiation has been isolated by ethylmethane sulfonate(EMS) mutagenesis. Genetic cross proved the UV-sensitive gene(uvs) to segregate as a single Mendelian locus. For mapping of uvs, we crossed Arabidopsis thaliana Lansberg with uvs plant(Columbia), and made F2 plants by F1 selfcross. We designed 10 kinds of CAPS marker primers. Each primers amplifies a single mapped DNA sequence from uvs and Lansberg erecta ecotyres. Also identified was at least one restriction endonuclase for each of these PCR product that generates ecotype-specific digestion pattern. We got crossing over value of UB-sensitivity and each CAPS marker which located on different chromosome arm. The value of crossing over showed that uvs was linked to LFY3 which was on chromosome 5.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.110-110
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• 2005

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.635-642
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• 1996

Rice plants, cv. Koshihikari, were subjected to the biologically effective ultraviolet-B(UV-BBE) radiation {daily dose : 0.0 (control) and 11.5 (enhanced UV-B) KJ m-2} to investigate the effect of enhanced UV-B radiation on lipid peroxidation and to determine whether carotenoids and polyamines are involved in protection mechanism against enhanced UV-B radiation. Enhanced UV-B radiation significantly depressed plant dW weight. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in rice leaves was increased by about 30% after 6 days of UV-B irradiation. Total carotenoid contents tended to slightly decrease with the UV-B irradiation, even though there was no significance. In rice leaves, 3 major polyamines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine are observed. All of the polyamine contents were increased with UV-B irradiation. The results suggest that enhanced UV- B radiation caused oxidative stress on lipids and that polyamines may serve as a biochemiral protectant against increased UV-B radiation in rice plants.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2010

To investigate the effects of ultraviolet(UV-B) on growth and biochemical defense responses of plant, garden balsam (Impatiens balsamina L.) was subjected to enhanced UV-B irradiation [daily dose: 0.02 (No UV-B) and 11.34 (enhanced UV-B) kJ $m^{-2}$ ; $UV-B_{BE}$] for 3 weeks. Enhanced UV-B drastically inhibited leaf area as well as dry weight of garden balsam. The content of malondialdehyde was significantly increased by about 50% after 3 weeks of UV-B irradiation. The ratios of dehydroascorbate/ascorbate and oxidized glutathione/reduced glutathione were also considerably increased by UV-B irradiation. Three major polyamines of garden balsam leaves: putrescine, spermidine and spermine were observed. All polyamine contents were increased with UV-B irradiation. The enzyme (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase etc.) activities of garden balsam were increased by the UV-B enhancement. Based on the results, enhanced UV-B caused oxidative stress in garden balsam and biochemical protection responses might be activated to prevent from damaging effects of oxidative stress generated by UV-B irradiation.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.87-91
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• 2008

We induced the activation of melanocytes in the epidermis of C57BL/6 mice by ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation and observed the effect of Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang (BZYQT) on the formation, and decrease of UVB-induced epidermal melanocytes. C57BL/6 mice were irradiated by UVB $80\;mJ/cm^2$ (0.5 mW/sec) daily for 7 days, and BZYQT was intraperitoneally or topically applied pre- or post-irradiation. For the estimation of change of epidermal melanocytes, light microscopic observation with dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) stain was performed. Split epidermal sheets prepared from the ear of untreated mice exhibited 11-16 melanocytes/$mm^2$, and one week after UV irradiation, the applied areas show an increased number of strongly DOPA-positive melanocytes with stout dendrites. But intraperitoneal or topical treatment with BZYQT before each irradiation interrupted UVB-induced pigmentation and resulted in a marked reduction in the number of epidermal melanocytes as compared to radiation control skin. The number and size of DOPA-positive epidermal melanocytes were also significantly decreased in intraperitoneally injected or topically applicated group after irradiation with BZYQT at 3rd and 6th weeks after irradiation. The present study suggests the BZYQT as inhibitor of UVB-induced pigmentation and depigmenting agent.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.119-131
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• 2023

Objectives: Betula Platyphylla(BP) has been used as a analgesic, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant drug in Eastern Asia. However, it is still unknown whether BP ethanol extract could exhibit the inhibitory activities against ultraviolet B(UVB)-induced skin injury on human keratinocytes, HaCaT cells. This study was aimed to investigate the protective activity of BP ethanol extract on UVB-irradiated skin injury in HaCaT cells. Methods: The skin injury model of HaCaT cells was established under UVB stimulation. HaCaT keratinocyte cells were pre-treated with BP ethanol extract for 1 h, and then stimulated with UVB. Then, the cells were harvested to measure the cell viability, production of reactive oxygen species(ROS), pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin(IL) 1-beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-𝛼, hyaluronidase, type 1 collagen, matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)s. In addition, we examined the mitogen activated protein kinases(MAPKs) and inhibitory kappa B alpha(I𝜅;-B𝛼) as inhibitory mechanisms of BP ethanol extract. Results: The treatment of BP ethanol extract inhibited the UVBinduced cell death and ROS production in HaCaT cells. BP ethanol extract treatment inhibited the UVB-induced increase of IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-𝛼. BP ethanol extract treatment inhibited the increase of hyaluronidase, MMP and decrease of collagen. BP ethanol extract treatment inhibited the activation of MAPKs and the degradation of I𝜅-B𝛼. Conclusions: Our result suggest that treatment of BP ethanol extract could inhibit the UVB-induced skin injury via deactivation of MAPKs and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-𝜅B) in HaCaT cells. This study could suggest that BP ethanol extract could be a beneficial agent to prevent skin damage or inflammation.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.33 no.2 s.95
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• pp.123-131
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• 2007

Many environmental contaminants including several metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and pharmaceuticals, have been identified to be phototoxic in the water environment. Concerns regarding photo-enhancement of toxicity of several environmental contaminants have been increasing because of the increased level of ultraviolet irradiation on the earth surface. However, there exist arguments that there might be certain defense mechanisms taking place in the aquatic ecosystem, which may include behavioral characteristics or genetic acclimation. This study was conducted to understand the potential responses of aquatic receptors to several phototoxic metals in the real environment, where long-term acclimation of such organisms to low dose UV-B may take place. For this purpose, water flea Daphnia magna was acclimated to environmentally relevant dose of UV-B (12 to $18uW/cm^2$) for >11 generations. The differences in developmental and life history characteristics, and toxicity responses were evaluated. Acclimation did not affect the daphnids' growth, longevity, and reproduction characteristics such as time to first brood, and brood size: After 21 d, survival of D. magna was not influenced by UV-B acclimation. When the number of young per female was compared. the daphnids acclimated for 11 generations tend to produce less number of neonates than the un-acclimated individuals but with no statistical significance (p>0.05). Four metals that were reported to be phototoxic elsewhere were employed in this evaluation, that include As, Cd. Cu, and Ni. UV-B level being applied in acclimation did increase the toxicity of Cd and Cu, significantly (p<0.05). However, the toxicities of As and Ni were not affected by irradiation of UV-B. Phototoxic responses were evaluated between the acclimated and the un-acclimated daphnids. For Cu, UV-B acclimation led to reduction of the photo-induced toxicity $(p\approx0.1)$ in daphnids. Non-acclimated Daphnia were affected by 50% at 4.18 ug/l Cu. but UV-B acclimated individuals exhibited $EC_{50}$ of 5.89 ug/l. With Cd, UV-B acclimation appeared to increase phototoxicity (p>0.05). With As and Ni, UV-B acclimation did not influence photo-induced toxicity. This observation may be in part explained by the type of reactive oxygen species that were generated by each metal. Similar to UV-B light, Cu is known to generate superoxide anion by acting as redox cycling toxicant. This is one of the first studies that employed_laboratory based UV-B acclimated test species for photoenhanced toxicity evaluation.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.780-803
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• 2003

Exposure of skin cells, particularly keratinocytes to various nuclear factor-kappaB ($\textrm{NF}_{-{\kappa}}\textrm{B}$) activators [e.g. tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$, interleukin-1, lipopolysaccharides, and ultraviolet light] leads to phosphorylation and degradation of the inhibitory protein, $\textrm{I}_{{\kappa}}\textrm{B}$. Liberated $\textrm{NF}_{-{\kappa}}\textrm{B}$ is translocated into the nucleus where it can change or alter expression of target genes, resulting in the secretion of extracellular signaling molecules including melanotrophic factors affecting melanocyte. In order to demonstrate the possible role of $\textrm{NF}_{-{\kappa}}\textrm{B}$ activation on the synthesis of melanotrophic factors from the keratinocytes, the activities of $\textrm{NF}_{-{\kappa}}\textrm{B}$ induced by melanogenic inhibitors (MIs) were determined in human HaCaT keratinocytes transfected with $\textrm{pNF}_{-{\kappa}}\textrm{B}$-SEAP-NPT plasmid. Transfectant cells released the secretory alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) as a transcription reporter in response to the $\textrm{NF}_{-{\kappa}}\textrm{B}$ activity and contain the neomycin phosphotransferase (NPT) gene for the dominant selection marker for geneticin resistance. MIs such as niacinamide, kojic acid, hydroquinone, resorcinol, arbutin, and glycolic acid were preincubated with transfectant HaCaT cells for 3 h and then ultraviolet B (UVB) was irradiated. $\textrm{NF}_{-{\kappa}}\textrm{B}$ activation was measured with the SEAP reporter gene assay using a fluorescence detection method. Of the Mis tested, kojic acid ($IC_{50}$/ = 60 $\mu$M) was found to be the most potent inhibitor of UVB-upregulating $\textrm{NF}_{-{\kappa}}\textrm{B}$ activation in transfectant HaCaT cells, which is followed by niacinamide ($IC_{50}$/= 540 $\mu$M). Pretreatment of the transfectant HaCaT cells with the Mis, especially kojic acid and niacinamide, effectively lowered $\textrm{NF}_{-{\kappa}}\textrm{B}$ binding measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Furthermore, these two inhibitors remarkably reduced the secretion level of IL-6, one of melanotrophic factors, triggered by UV-radiation of the HaCaT cells. These observations suggest that Mis working at the in vivo level might act partially through the modulation of the synthesis of melanotrophic factors in keratinocyte.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2005

In this study we assessed the influences of ultraviolet (UV) light B radiation on epidermal cells by apoptotic sunburn cell (SBC) and the effect of green tea treatment on the inhibition of SBC formation in SKH1-hr mouse. The extent of changes following $200mJ/cm^2$ (0.5 mW/sec) was studied at 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 or 36 hours after exposure. SBCs were recognized by 3 hours after irradiation. There was tendency to increase from 3 hours to 24 hours and decrease from then to 36 hours after irradiation. The mice that received 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 or $800mJ/cm^2$ of UVB were examined 24 hours after irradiation. The SBCs were induced as the radiation dose increases from 0 to $200mJ/cm^2$. A further increase of radiation dose has little further effect. The frequency of UVB ($200mJ/cm^2$)-induced SBC formation was reduced by intraperitoneal injection of green tea extract (p<0.01).

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.187-194
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• 2011

This study used Jeju scoria to dye cotton fabric and measured its dyeability, colorfastness, antibacterial activity, deodorization efficiency, ultraviolet protection, and far-infrared emission. The cotton fabric was colored to yellowish red and optimal dyeing can be achieved at a temperature of $80^{\circ}C$ for a dyeing time of 120 minutes with a colorant concentration of 25%(o.w.b). The colorfastness to light, rubbing, perspiration, and washing was 8, 5, 5, and 4~5 ratings respectively, where the wash colorfastness remained after 15 wash cycles. The cotton fabric dyed with Jeju scoria demonstrated excellent antimicrobial activity to Staphylococcus aureus and high deodorization efficiency. Ultraviolet protection factor was as high as 50+. The Jeju scoria can be used as a new colorant for the natural dyeing of silk.