• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2024

A two-year-old, intact female Golden Retriever had previously been diagnosed with a portosystemic shunt (PSS) during an ultrasonographic examination at a local animal hospital. The serum biochemistry revealed elevated liver enzymes and bile acid levels. The abdominal radiographic examination revealed mild serosal detail loss and microhepatica, while abdominal ultrasonography revealed mild ascites and high-velocity flow to the caudal vena cava (CVC) suspected as a PSS. The gallbladder was not observed within the hepatic parenchyma during ultrasonography. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an absent gallbladder and dilation of the common bile duct (CBD). Dilations of the gastroduodenal, splenic, colic and renal veins were also observed. A dilated left phrenico-abdominal vein that entered the CVC was previously misinterpreted as a PSS on the ultrasound examination. Based on the imaging examinations, the dog was diagnosed with congenital gallbladder agenesis associated CBD dilation.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2009

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between the real pathology & abnormal finding found by ultrasonography. Without an MRI test being done beforehand, an arthroscopy is done after an ultrasonography to show abnormal lesions during a knee abnormality. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 42 patients out of 49 cases, excluding those with rheumatoid arthritis, septic arthritis and patients suspected with a ligament tear, which were examined by ultrasonography alone before receiving a knee arthroscopy in our hospital from July 2007 to July 2008. In every case, a physical examination, simple X-ray and knee ultrasonography was done. An arthroscopy was performed when there was ultrasonographic abnormal finding. Before the procedure, a MRI test was not performed and when abnormal findings were found by an arthroscopy, an appropriate surgery was done. Results: During the ultrasonographic examination, there were various sized effusions in the suprapatellar pouch. Also, in addition there were eleven cases of medial meniscus abnormalities, sixteen cases of lateral meniscus abnormalities, and two cases of cystic lesions. Throughout the arthroscopic examination, there were 14 cases of medial meniscus abnormalities, 20 cases of lateral meniscus abnormalities, 15 cases of cartilage damages, 9 cases of medial pathologic plica, 2 cases of intra-articular loose bodies, 5 cases of chondromalacia, 2 cases of cyst, and 2 cases of synovitis. When an effusion abnormality was found by the ultrasonography in a suprapatellar pouch, there was a 100% probability of knee pathology. When a medial meniscus abnormality was found with an ultrasonography, there was a 90.9% probability of a real pathology. When a lateral meniscus abnormality was found there was 81.2% probability of a real pathology. Ultrasonography was 100% accurate when it came to cystic lesions. Conclusion: Knee ultrasonography performed before an arthroscopy seems to be a very useful examination method when suspecting intra-articular lesions.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.134-140
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• 2012

This retrospective study was performed to describe and evaluate ultrasonographic characteristics of splenic disorders and to pursue any relationship with cytologic or histopathologic diagnoses. Medical records were reviewed for patients that had undergone both abdominal ultrasonographic procedures and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) or surgical biopsy of splenic lesions or necropsy from January 2002 to July 2011 at Seoul National University Hospital for Animals. Total 124 dogs, 76 cases with FNA and 48 cases with biopsy, were available for this investigation. The age of dogs ranged from 2 to 17 years ($mean{\pm}SD$ = $9.54{\pm}3.34$ years), with the gender distribution of 61 females (26 spayed) and 63 males (40 neutered). In breed distribution, 114 were purebred dogs and 10 were mixed breed dogs. The dogs represented 26 breeds, with 113 dogs categorized into small-sized breeds. The ultrasonographic appearances of splenic disorders could be classified into 10 types including normal appearance, depending on the distribution and echogenicity of splenic lesions as well as the increase in spleen size and diffuse parenchymal changes. Among 124 cases, 44 (35.4%) had hypoechoic nodules/masses with the highest frequency, followed by 23 (18.5%) with multiple small hypoechoic nodules. Of 124 cases, 70 (56.5%) were benign and 54 (43.5%) were malignant lesions at cytologic or histopathologic results. Each ultrasonographic appearance had variable cytologic or histopathologic diagnoses. However, diffuse heterogenicity and diffuse hypoechogenicity were significantly associated with malignancy (p < 0.05), whereas hyperechoic nodules/masses were more often associated with benignity (p < 0.05). Based on our results, it may be considered that the ultrasonographic examination for spleen could be able to provide the least information necessary for benign and malignant lesions in prioritizing differential diagnoses.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.93-103
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• 2023

The tendon is a dense connective tissue that connects muscle to bone and plays an essential role in joint motion. The injured tendon heals slowly owing to its low cellularity and vascularity. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of regenerative injection therapy (RIT), 20 % dextrose prolotherapy (DP), and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections that can promote tendon healing. Twenty-one New Zealand white rabbits were divided into the control, DP, and PRP treatment groups. The superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) of the right hindlimb of each rabbit was used. A round defect of 2 mm was induced. Approximately 0.2 mL of 20% dextrose and autologous PRP were injected into the proximal and distal ends of the SDFT mass. Radiographic and ultrasonographic examination and cross-sectional area (CSA) calculations were performed pre-operatively and at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. The SDFT of both limbs was transected for biomechanical and histomorphometric evaluations. The SDFT of the left limb was transected for intact control. Semi-quantitative analysis was performed to evaluate the histomorphometric properties. Additional analysis was performed using H&E, Masson's trichrome, and immunohistochemical staining. The biomechanical evaluation showed that the treatment groups had higher tensile strength compared to the defect control group, while the PRP group had higher tensile strength than the DP group. On histological examination, the treatment groups appeared to be relatively closer to the remodeling phase of the healing process than the defect control group; the characteristics of the PRP group were closer to the remodeling phase than those of the DP group. The ultrasonographic examination showed different tendencies. Increased values in the CSA were observed during the early period in the treatment groups. This study suggests that PRP and DP can promote the healing of tendon injury, and these effects were superior with PRP than that with DP.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.203-209
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• 1999

A 4-year-old female Shih-tzu with severe episcleral congestion and buphthalmos in left eye was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Chonnam National University in October 1998. During two months in local veterinary clinics, the dog had been treated unsuccessfully with tarsorrhaphy and antibiotics. By history taking, cause of the glaucoma was ascertained as accidental nonpenetrated cornea trauma by owner, Ophthalmic examination revealed that the left eye was buphthalmic with severe episcleral congestion, pain and fever. The direct pupillary light response could not be evaluated in the left eye, but right eye had normal reaction. The intraocular pressure was 4.5 mmHg in the right eye and 33 mmHg in the left eye, as measured with a Schiotz tonometer, Ultrasonographic finding revealed hyperechoic vitrous body and central echofree material. The Schirmer tear test showed 20 mm in the left eye and 8 mm in the right eye. The hematologic examination revealed monocytosis. The initial medical treatment was admitted, but there was no response. Transpalpebral enucleation in the left eye under inhalation anesthesia with enflurane 1.2 vol% in oxygen was performed. The day after operation the left eye ravealed no exudate, and pain, and the systemic vital signs were normal. The prognosis is excellent.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.123-126
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• 2015

A 14-year-old, male Shih-tzu was presented with glaucoma in the left eye. Menace response was negative in the left eye. On ophthalmic examination, exotropia, buphthalmos, bulging of upper lateral globe and episcleral injection was detected in the left eye. Also, there was corneal edema, corneal pigmentation and hyphema in the left eye. The pupil was difficult to observe due to corneal lesions in the left eye. On ultrasonographic examination, an amorphous large mass protruding from the region of the optic disc into the vitreous was observed in the left eye. Enucleation was performed in the left eye. Histologically, the left intraocular mass was diagnosed as glioma. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were positive to glial fibrillary acidic protein.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.276-279
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• 2015

This report details a case of post-traumatic pseudocyst in the spleen that was successfully treated with sclerotherapy using ethanol. A sixteen-year-old boy visited our hospital for a follow-up examination of a splenic cyst. He had experienced blunt trauma to the abdomen three years prior to presentation. An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a large cyst of the lower pole of the spleen. The cyst was $6.8{\times}9.5{\times}7.0cm$ and conservative management was tried. A follow-up ultrasonographic examination three years later revealed that the size of the cyst was unchanged and another treatment was needed to prevent complications. One session of sclerosis with ethanol (90 mL of 99% ethanol) percutaneously was applied to the cyst. A follow-up after four months revealed that the cyst had completely resolved.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.24-37
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• 1987

During the period from september, 1985 to september, 1986, 1,005 cases(475cases in male, 529 cases in female) of employees and family member were observed for the general physical examination(Human-dock) in Medical Department of Daehan Life Insurance Co. Ltd. The results were as follows. 1) The occurrence of obesity cases were observed as 130 cases(12.9%), and among the 130 cases, 34 cases(26.2%) were male and 96 cases(73.8%) were female. 2) Diabetes mellitus patients were detected as 93 cases(9.3%), and 53 cases(57.1%) were male and 40 cases(43.0%) were female. The most frequent age groups were demonstrated in age of 5th and 6th decades. 3) Hypertension patients were 85 cases(8.5%), and among the 85 cases, 42 cases (49.4%) were male and 43 cases(50.6%) were female. The most frequent age groups were 5th and 6th decades, and complication of hypertensive retinopathy revealed 54 cases(63.5%). 4) Hyperlipidemia cases were observed as 71(7.1%), and 42 cases(59.2%) were male and 29 cases(40.8%) were female. The most frequent age groups were 5th and 6th decades. 5) 69 cases(6.9%) of positive reaction of HBs Ag and 46 cases(4.6%) of abnormal erectrocardiography were detected in the total examination cases. 6) Abnormalities of liver function were observed as 58 cases(5.8%), and 46 cases(79.3%) were male and 12 cases(20.7%) were female. In ultrasonographic study, 25 cases of fatty liver were obtained in the abnormality cases of liver function. 7) Cholelithiasis and gastroduodenal ulcer patients were detected as 2 cases(2.0%) respectively. 8) In the total examination cases, pulmonary tuberculosis, positive reaction of syphilis and renal cysts(ultrasonography) were obtained as 9 cases(0.9%), 7 cases(0.7%) and 4 cases(0.4%) respectively. 9) In the total examination cases, gastric cancer and liver cancer patients were detected as 2 cases(0.2%) respectively.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.206-213
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted to find out the therapeutic effect of Artemisia capillaris extracts on hepatic damage in rats induced by carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_{4}$). In this experiment, 96 Sprague-Dawley rats were used as experimental groups, which were divided into 4 groups; control group(A), $CCl_{4}$-treated group(B), $CCl_{4}$+Artemisia extract-treated group(C) and $CCl_{4}$+silymarin-treated group(D). The B, C, D group were administrated single dose of $CCl_{4}$(2.5 ml/kg) to induce acute hepatic injury. C group was administrated with Artemisia capillaris extract(200 mg/kg/day) and D group treated with silymarin(50 mg/kg/day) for 7 days. Hematological, ultrasonographical, histological examinations and examination of antioxidant activity were also performed in all groups. AST and ALT activities of C group were significantly decreased compared with B group. The activities of AST and ALT in C and D groups returned to the normal range more rapidly than those of B group. In ultrasonographic examination, the echogenicity of liver in C group was significantly decreased compared with B group. Also C and D group had tended to recover faster than B group on liver histogram. Histologically, the percentage of degenerative regions and degenerative cell numbers in peri-central vein hepatic parenchyma of C and D group were significantly decreased compared with B group. In examination of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde of hepatic tissue in C group was decreased as compared with B group. In examination of antioxidant enzyme activity in liver, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities were significantly increased compared with B group. As results of this study, it is thought that A. capillaris extract has therapeutic effects on hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride, and has the similar therapeutic effects as silymarin in rats.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.165-168
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• 2012

A 14-year-old intact male Siberian Husky was presented with hematuria, lethargy, and anorexia of 1-month duration. The physical examination revealed mild abdominal distension and pain. The hematology and serum chemistry revealed anemia and severe azotemia. The radiographic examination revealed renomegaly and the ultrasonographic examination, indistinct cortico-medullary junction, increased renal cortex echogenicity, and irregular margination. The urinalysis showed proteinuria and hematuria. The differential diagnosis included renal failure, cystitis, pyelonephritis, and neoplasia. The patient's condition continued to deteriorate, and the dog eventually died. The gross findings from the necropsy revealed hemoperitoneum and a bilateral renal mass. HSA was diagnosed by histopathological examination. This case report describes primary bilateral renal hemangiosarcoma (HSA), which is uncommon in dogs.