• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.303-310
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• 2009

Purpose: The aerosol generated by ultrasonic scaler can contain bacteria or virus which can penetrate into body through respiratory systems of dentists, dental hygienist or patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine digluconate as preoperative mouthrinse or lavage for ultrasonic scaler on the reduction of viable organisms in aerosol produced during periodontal treatment using ultrasonic scaler. Methods: 30 patients with moderate chronic periodontitis were included and divided into 3 groups: Control (no preoperative mouthrinse and tap water as lavage), CHG (preoperative mouthrinse with 0.1% chlorhexidine digluconate and tap water as lavage), CHL (no preoperative mouthrinse and 0.1% chlorhexidine digluconate as lavage). Each patient received scaling or subgingival curettage for 30 min. In CHG group, mouthrinse with chlorhexidine digluconate was performed for 1 min. before treatment. Before, during and after scaling or subgingival curettage, air sampling was performed for 7 min. each (1000 L/7 min.) with trypticase-soy agar plate. Agar plates were incubated in $37^{\circ}C$ aerobically. The numbers of colony-forming units (CFU) were counted and compared. Results: The numbers of CFUs of the samples obtained during treatment were $97{\pm}14.0$ in control, $73.1{\pm}14.9$ in CHG group and $44.5{\pm}9.0$ in CHL group. The difference among the 3 groups was determined to be statistically significant (one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's correction, p-value: 0.0003). In contrast, the numbers of CFU of samples obtained before and after treatment were not significantly different among the groups. Conclusions: Chlorhexidine digluconate used as preoperative mouthrinse or lavage for ultrasonic scaler can reduce the microorganisms in aerosol produced during periodontal treatment using ultrasonic scaler. Less number of microorganisms were detected when chlorhexidine was used as lavage for ultrasonic scaler.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2014

Objective: To evaluate the effects of ultrasonic instrumentation with different scaler-tip angulations on the shear bond strength (SBS) and bond failure mode of metallic orthodontic brackets. Methods: Adhesive pre-coated metallic brackets were bonded to 72 extracted human premolars embedded in autopolymerizing acrylic resin. The teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 24 each) to undergo no treatment (control group) or ultrasonic instrumentation with a scaler-tip angulation of $45^{\circ}$ ($45^{\circ}$-angulation group) or $0^{\circ}$ ($0^{\circ}$-angulation group). SBS was tested in a universal testing machine, and adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were recorded. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The control group had a significantly higher mean SBS value than the treated groups, which showed no significant differences in their mean SBS values. The ARI scores were not significantly different among the groups. Conclusions: Ultrasonic instrumentation around the bracket base reduces the SBS of metallic orthodontic brackets, emphasizing the need for caution during professional oral hygiene procedures in orthodontic patients. The scaler-tip angulation does not influence the SBS reduction and bond failure mode of such brackets.

• 대한치주과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한치주과학회 2005년도 제45회 종합학술대회 연제초록
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• pp.190-191
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• 2005

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2012

Purpose: The use of appropriate instruments to clean surfaces with minimal change, is critical for the successful maintenance of a dental implant. However, there is no consensus about the type and methodology for such instruments. The aim of this study was to characterize changes in the roughness of titanium surfaces treated by various scaling instruments. Methods: Thirty-seven identical disks (5 mm in diameter) were investigated in this study. The specimens were divided into eight groups according to the types of instrumentation and the angle of application. Ultrasonic scaling systems were applied on a titanium disk to simulate standard clinical conditions. The equipment included a piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler with a newly developed metallic tip (NS group), a piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler with a conventional tip (CS group), a piezoelectric root planer ultrasonic scaler with a conventional tip (PR group), and a plastic hand curette (PH group). In addition, the sites treated using piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler systems were divided two sub-groups: 15 and 45 degrees. The treated titanium surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the average surface roughness (Ra) and mean roughness profile depth (Rz) were measured with a profilometer. Results: SEM no significant changes in the titanium surfaces in the NS group, regardless of the angle of application. The PH group also showed no marked changes to the titanium surface, although some smoothening was observed. All CS and PR sites lost their original texture and showed irregular surfaces in SEM analysis. The profilometer analysis demonstrated that the roughness values (Ra and Rz) of the titanium surfaces increased in all, except the PH and NS groups, which showed roughness decreases relative to the untreated control group. The Ra value differed significantly between the NS and PR groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that changes in or damage to titanium surfaces might be more affected by the hardness of the scaler tip than by the application method. Within the limitations of this study, the newly developed metallic scaler tip might be especially suitable for peri-implant surface decontamination, due to its limited effects on the titanium surface.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.455-472
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• 2000

Instrumentation for periodontal therapy may induce marginal damage which increases plaque accumulation and result in periodontal disease. But there have not been many reports of instrumentations on the artificial crown so far. Therefore this study is conducted to evaluate the effects of various repeated instrumentations on the porcelain crown marginal portion. Of the 10 extracted periodontally diseased maxillary first premolars, were 12 proximal surface used in this study. The finishing line of the preparation was placed on the root surface below CEJ and then the crown was cast and cemented in usual manner. Every 4 surfaces of the 3 instruments-curet, ultrasonic scaler, and ultrasonic curet- is used. and four samples used in each instruments. The relevant procedures and measurements were repeated 3 times in each surfaces. Marginal gap is measured by the microscope and surface roughness, Scannig Probe Microscope. Measurements are made at 5 points in each surfaces, making 20 points in each instrument. The results evaluated statistically were as follows 1. As instrumentation was repeated, both marginal gap and roughness were increased in all group 2. In the hand curet, marginal gap was increased every instrumentation and roughness was increased after second. 3. In the ultrasonic scaler, both marginal gap and roughness were increased every instrumentation. 4. In the ultrasonic curet, marginal gap was increased after third instrumentation and roughness was increased after second. 5. Marginal gap and roughness used by the ultrasonic curet were lower than the others and no difference was seen between the hand curet and ultrasonic scaler From the results of this study, the ultrasonic curet was useful in some aspect, but careful instrumentation was needed. Furthermore it was important to minimize the instrumentation through complete periodontal therapy before setting and adequate plaque control.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.205-215
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• 1997

In periodontal regeneration treatment, access to the frucation area is very difficult. Thus complete removal of plaque, calculus and endotoxin is somewhat impossible. In this study, teeth that were extracted due to periodontal disease were used. The furcation area was treated with periodontal curette, ultrasonic scaler, roto bur and they observed using SEM. The result was follows 1. The group treatment with curette showed remaining plaque, the cementum existed in most of the surface and partial dentinal tubule orifice could be seen. 2. The group treatment with ultrasonic scaler showed less removalof plaque compared to curette and irregular surface could be seen. 3. The group treatment with roto bur showed cleaner surface and many dentinal tubule orifice could be seen compared to the curette and ultrasonic scaler groups. Thus when suing treatments such as bone grafting or guided tissue regeneration, it is considered that the furcation area should be treatment with Roto bur.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2017

치과 분야에서 초음파를 이용한 수술기 및 스케일러의 사용은 꾸준하게 증가하고 있다. 이때 개발된 기기의 성능 및 안정성은 시술 받는 환자에게 결정적인 요소로 작용하기 때문에 상업화 전에 반드시 시험 평가되어야 한다. 그래서 골 절단 및 치아 스케일링 평가를 수행할 수 있는 핸드피스 이송 시스템을 자체 개발하여 사용하였다. 본 연구의 목표는 초음파 스케일러 팁을 이용하여 치아 손상 정도를 평가하기 위함이다. 추가적으로 초음파 기기의 열 발생 및 소음에 대한 측정을 수행해보았다. 결과적으로 Ultrasonic NX 기기의 높은 출력은 실험을 통한 치아에 심각한 손상을 입힐 수 있지만 열 화상 카메라를 이용한 열 발생 및 소음 측정을 통해 안정적인 범위에 있었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.823-828
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• 1998

A primary goal of periodontal therapy is the creation of root surfaces that are free of plaque and calculus. It is not yet to be determined whether it is desirable to have a smooth root surface after treatment. It is also not clear what degree of roughness result from different instruments. In the present study various instruments for root surface debridement were evaluated. 20 extracted teeth were utilized, and the teeth were treated with one of the following instrument: Gracey curette, Perio Clean, and piezo ultrasonic device(Setlec, P Max) with general scaler tip, curette-like tip, and diamond tip. 3 dimensional planimetric device(Accura) was used to evaluate the average surface roughness. It was demonstrated hand and power-driven instruments did not have a significant difference in roughness of the root surface following instrumentation. And ultrasonic scaler tip tended to make a most smooth surface than other instruments. The possible reasons of the result were discussed.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.83-84
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• 2006

Due to the capability of net shaping for complex 3D geometry, powder injection molding (PIM) is widely used for automotive parts, electronics and medical industry. In this study, an ultrasonic dental scaler tip produced by machining process was redesigned for the PIM process. An injection mold was designed and manufactured to produce the dental scaler tip by the PIM process.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part 1
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• pp.499-500
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• 2006

With the capability of net shaping for complex 3D geometry, powder injection molding (PIM) is widely used for automotive parts, electronics and medical industry. In this study, an ultrasonic dental scaler tip produced by machining process was redesigned for the PIM process. An injection mold was designed and machined to produce the dental scaler tip by the PIM process.