• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.135-139
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• 2003

Melanin 생합성에 key enzyme인 tyrosinase 억제가 melanin색소 억제에 주된 요인으로 알려져 있지만, 생합성기작에는 여러 다른 요인들이 작용하기 때문에 일차적인 탐색 단계에서 tyrosinase 저해 활성뿐만 아니라 S. bikiniensis의 melanin생합성 억제 연구를 병행하여 천연물을 탐색하였다. 그 중 선택된 궁궁이 (Angelica poiymorpha MAXIM)에서 3가지 물질을 분리하였으며, 3가지 물질 모두가 100$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ 이상 농도에서도 tyrosinase억제 활성이 나타나지 않는 반면, S. bikiniensis melanin 생합성 저해 효과를 보여 주었다. 동일 농도에서 S. bikinieffsis의 생장에는 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2014

Objectives : Gamisoyo-san complex prescription were made with Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Paeoniae Radix, Atractylodes rhizome white, Hoelen, Bupleuri Radix, Moutan Cortex Radicis, Gardeniae Fructus, Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus, Menthae Herba. The purpose of this study was to research the whitening effect of the extract from Gamisoyo-san, which is one of the used herbal complex prescription. Methods : This study investigated inhibitory effect of Gamisoyo-san in tyrosinase activity. Cell viability were performed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Then, Gamisoyo-san measured reversed-transcription-PCR for mRNA expression using B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. Results : For whitening effects, the tyrosinase inhibition effect of extract was shown to 52.4% at $5,000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration. The cell viability on B16F10 melanoma cells of Gamisoyo-san extract showed higher than 75% at $1,000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration. In this study, an experiment was performed by setting the non-toxic concentration range of 50, 150, $250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as a positive control. The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1), tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2), tyrosinase mRNA expression inhibitory by reverse transcription-PCR of Gamisoyo-san extract were decreased by 95.3%, 98.8%, 96.3% and 49.5% at $250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ which the highest concentration. Conclusions : All these findings could verify that whitening effects of Gamisoyo-san extract by tyrosinase inhibitory activity and mRNA expression. The Gamisoyo-san could be used as material for functional cosmetics, such as skin whitening products.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2017

We evaluated the antioxidant activity and anti-melanogenic effects of Oenothera laciniata methanol extract (OLME) in vitro by using melan-a cells. The total polyphenol and flavonoid content of OLME was 66.3 and 19.0 mg/g, respectively. The electron-donating ability, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical-scavenging activity, and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of OLME ($500{\mu}g/mL$) were 94.5%, 95.6%, and 63.6%, respectively. OLME and arbutin treatment at $50{\mu}g/mL$ significantly decreased melanin content by 35.5% and 14.2%, respectively, compared to control (p < 0.05). OLME and arbutin treatment at $50{\mu}g/mL$ significantly inhibited intra-cellular tyrosinase activity by 22.6% and 12.6%, respectively, compared to control (p < 0.05). OLME ($50{\mu}g/mL$) significantly decreased tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), TRP-2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor-M (MITF-M) mRNA expression by 57.1%, 67.3%, 99.0%, and 77.0%, respectively, compared to control (p < 0.05). Arbutin ($50{\mu}g/mL$) significantly decreased tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 mRNA expression by 24.2%, 42.9%, and 48.5%, respectively, compared to control (p < 0.05). However, arbutin ($50{\mu}g/mL$) did not affect MITF-M mRNA expression. Taken together, OLME showed a good antioxidant activity and anti-melanogenic effect in melan-a cells that was superior to that of arbutin, a well-known skin-whitening agent. The potential mechanism underlying the anti-melanogenic effect of OLME was inhibition of tyrosinase activity and down-regulation of tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, and MITF-M mRNA expression.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1516-1524
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• 2013

본 연구는 Monascus purpureus (Mp), Aspergillus oryzae (Ao), Aspergillus kawachii (Ak) 및 Rhizopus oryzae (Ro) 균주로 Cordycepin-고함유 동충하초(Cordyceps militaris)(CM${\alpha}$)를 발효시켜 수용성 추출물을 얻어 페놀화합물 및 플라보노이드 농도와 항산화 및 티로시나제 저해 활성을 측정한 결과 Ak로 발효시킨 CM${\alpha}$ (AkF-CM${\alpha}$)에서 각각 46 mg/g 및 093 mg/g과 6274% 및 7997%로 가장 우수한 효과를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과로부터 AkF-CM${\alpha}$를 선택하여 멜라닌 세포(B16F0 mouse melanoma cell)에서 미백효과를 검토하였다. 양성 대조구 arbutin 처리 B16F10 melanoma 세포는 92% 이상의 세포 생육과 43%의 멜라닌 생성 억제 효능을 보였고, AkF-CM${\alpha}$ 1, 3 및 5 mg/ml 처리 시 멜라닌 생성은 각각 35, 45 및 53% 억제되었다. 또한 AkF-CM${\alpha}$은 멜라닌 세포 내 tyrosinase 활성과 mushroom tyrosinase 활성 모두를 저해시켰고, 멜라닌 생성 관련 tyrosinase 단백질 발현량도 무첨가군에 비해 처리 농도 의존적으로 억제되었다. 이상의 결과에 따라 Aspergillus kawachii 균주로 발효시킨 Cordycepin-고함유 동충하초(Cordyceps militaris)의 수용성 추출물은 미백 화장품 소재로 개발 가능성이 높은 것으로 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.654-661
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• 2021

최근 기능성 화장품 시장의 증가와 더불어 안전성과 기능성을 가진 제품에 대한 소비자들의 요구가 증대됨에 따라 안전성, 기능성, 안정성을 가진 새로운 기능성 화장품 소재의 개발 필요성이 대두 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 야생 버섯에 자생하는 균류에 대하여 tyrosinase 저해 활성 및 항산화 활성에 대하여 우수한 기능성을 가지는 균주를 선발 하였으며, 선발된 균주를 동정 후 T. viridescens SW-1으로 명명하였다. 배양 기간별 tyrosinase 저해 활성을 측정한 결과 3일차에서 가장 강한 활성을 나타내었으며, 3일차 배양 상등액을 이용하여 농도별 활성을 측정한 결과 상등액 5% 이상 처리시 94% 이상의 저해활성을 유지하는 것으로 확인 되었다. 상등액을 온도별 처리 후 저해율을 확인한 결과 tyrosinase 저해 활성이 유지되었으며 이에 따라 우수한 열 안정성을 확인 하였다. 세포생존율 측정 결과 10% 상등액 처리시까지 세포 독성이 나타나지 않았으며 세포에서의 멜라닌 함량 조사 결과 10% 상등액 처리시 세포내 27.1%, 세포외 7.5%의 저해율을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 T. viridescens SW-1 배양 상등액의 세포독성 및 항균, 멜라닌 합성 저해 등의 기능성, 열처리 후 tyrosinase 저해활성 확인을 통한 열 안정성을 확인 하였다. 따라서 T. viridescens SW-1 배양 상등액을 활용한 미백기능성 원료로써 활용 가능성이 높기 때문에 향후 산업화를 위한 연구가 수행되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.366-371
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• 2003

클로렐라 추출물을 trypsin으로 가수분해하여 얻은 가수분해물을 이용하여 항균, 미백과 항암 활성을 분석하였다. Tyrosinase inhibition assay를 이용하여 미백활성을 측정한 결과 클로렐라 가수분해물의 효소활성에 대한 IC/sub 50/(50％ inhibitory concentration)은 12%로 나타났다. In vitro에서 인체 폐암세포인 A-549에 대한 클로렐라 가수분해물의 항암 활성을 분석한 결과 클로렐라 가수분해물 0.15％에서 88.2％의 높은 암세포 억제율을 보였다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.678-684
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• 2012

본 연구는 tyrosinase 활성 저해효과가 있는 젖산균인 L plantarum M23 균주를 이용하여 멜라닌 형성을 억제하기 위한 최적 발효유 제조조건을 설정하는데 그 목적이 있다. 3수준 4인자 중심합성 계획법을 통해 실험설계하여 반응표면분석법을 사용하였다. 독립변수로는 yeast extract 농도(%, $X_1$), 포도첨가량(%, $X_2$), 배양온도($^{\circ}C$, $X_3$), 배양시간(h, $X_4$)을 설정하였고, 종속변수로는 pH(pH, $Y_1$), 종합적 기호도(score, $Y_2$)와 tyrosinase inhibitory activity(%, $Y_3$)를 설정하였으며, tyrosinase inhibitory activity가 가장 높고 pH는 4.4를 동시에 만족하는 최적화를 실시한 결과 yeast extract 농도는 0.13%, 포도 첨가량은 2.95%, 배양 온도는 $37.1^{\circ}C$, 배양 시간은 14.8 h일 때 예상되는 pH는 4.42, 기호도는 7.06, tyrosinase inhibitory activity은 86.65%이었으며, 실제 실험 결과 pH는 4.35, 기호도는 6.86, tyrosinase inhibitory activity은 84.05%로서 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 melanin 생합성과정의 key enzyme인 tyrosinase을 활성억제하는 L. plantarum M23을 이용한 발효유는 피부의 미백 작용과 노화 억제 작용에 기여할 것으로 사료되었다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2011

Novel tyrosinase inhibitors are important for pigmentation in the skin. Following extraction of tyrosinase inhibitors from edible vegetables or fruits, we found that the Prunus persica flesh extract (PPFE) exhibited potential inhibitory activity for melanogenesis. PPFE showed tyrosinase inhibitory activity in an enzymatic assay and PPFE also significantly inhibited the melanin formation in cultured mouse melan-a cells. Moreover, real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that the inhibition of melanin production by PPFE was closely related to marked suppression of mRNA expression of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1 and -2 (TRP-1 and TRP-2) in melan-a cells. Further investigation found that the modulation of tyrosinase expression by PPFE was associated with the transcriptional regulation of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). PPFE inhibited the promoter activity of MITF and suppressed MITF mRNA expression in melan-a cells. These results indicate that PPFE down-regulates melanogenesis-associated gene expression through MITF-mediated transcriptional regulation and these events might be related to the hypopigmentary effects of PPFE.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.82-91
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate whitening effects and anti-wrinkle effects of a few 80% ethanol extracted herbal medicines. Methods : In the first study, a few 80% ethanol extracted herbal medicines were screened for their inhibitory activities against the tyrosinase. In the second study, a few 80% ethanol extracted herbal medicines were screened for their inhibitory activities against elastase. Results : 1. We showed 28%, 27% and 19% inhibitions of mushroom tyrosinase at 500 $\mu$g/ml concentration of ASR, AIF and ABR extracts and they were showed higher anti-tyrosinase activity than arbutin's. We also could observe that the decreased mushroom tyrosinase activities in RR, CML, LR, AGR and TH extracts. 2. RR, AF and ABR (final concentrstion 1 mg/ml) were appeared 60%, 98%, 83% of inhibitions of elastase activity, and they were showed higher anti-elastase activity than that of ursolic acid. We also could observe that the decreased elastase activities in AIF, AR, LR and CML extracts. Conclusions : These results suggest that ASR, AIF and ABR extracts contribute to the anti-melanin activities and represent potential sources of whitening agent, and RR, AF and ABR extracts contribute to the anti-elastase activities and represent potential sources of anti-wrinkle agent. These results suggest that some herbal medicines could be strong potential sources of inhibition about anti-aging and whitening effects for the skin.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.233-237
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• 2017

Melanin is one of the most important factors affecting skin color. Melanogenesis is the bioprocess of melanin production by melanocytes in the skin and hair follicles and is mediated by several enzymes, such as tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2, MITF. In this study, we investigated the effect of Artemisia fukudo Makino extracts on tyrosinase activity and melanin production as natural products of whitening functional cosmetics. Melanin content in murine B16F10 melanoma cells were decreased by Artemisia fukudo Makino extracts in a dose-dependently. In addition, the inhibition of tyrosinase activity of Artemisia fukudo Makino extracts showed to decrease tyrosinase activity as the concentration of ${\alpha}-MSH$ was increased. Furthermore, western blot analysis revealed that Artemisia fukudo Makino extracts significantly downregulated the expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1 which treat of ${\alpha}-MSH-induced$ melanogenesis in murine B16F10 melanoma cells. As a result, Artemisia fukudo Makino extract showed functionalities as an effective whitening agent to inhibit melanin formation.