• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.23-37
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• 1999

This study is to understand and to describe the power that a nurse experiences on nursing practice and then. to present a basic data for nurse's power-development, power improving and empowering. Ethnography was used to understand and to describe experience on exercising various powers occurred on nursing practice. and to analyze and to understand the meaning of a nurse's power. The objects was nurses. Ten nurses who have more than three year's experience were selected as objects from Cuniversity's hospital in Seoul from May of 1996 to August of 1997 through in-depth interview. participant observation, and phone interview. Instruments werw a portable recorder and field notes. I described a case appeared in a data using Agar's 'Pencil and scissors' method right after collecting materials. Then, Idescribed a theme discovered commonly. Followings are the results of the study. 1. There were three categories of relationships with main objects when nurses exercised their power on their practices: a therapeutic caring relationship with patients, a relationship of companion, vertical cooperation, and a constituent person with a doctor, and a relationship of cooperation, and a constituent person with administrative workers and medical technicians. 2. There were many types of nurse's power, tactics and various patient's responses about them. 1) Types of nurse's power to patients were giving information, controling environment, helping for cure, emotional support, and performing discretion. 2) Nurse's tatics for performing power were positive tactics neutral tactics, and negative tactics. 3) Patient's responses were appeared as compliance and noncompliance. Compliance were agreeing. taking nurse's advice, trusting, understanding, being admitted, exposuring himself, and appreciating. 3. There were types of nurse's power and performing tactics. 1) Types of power to a doctor were advice, informing, demanding and mediation. 2) Performings of tactics to a doctor were positive tactics, neutral tactics, and negative tactics. 3) Doctor's responses were appeared as accepting and unaccepting. Acceptings were taking in and appreciating, and unacceptings were denying nurse's advice and authoritative. 4. There were types of nurse's power and tactics about administrative workers and medical technicians and responses about them. 1) Types of power about administrative workers and medical technicians were suggestions and demands. 2) Power performings tactics were positive tactics.neutral tactics, and negative tactics. 3) Responses of administrative workers and medical technicians about nurse's power performing were appeared appeared as accepting and unacce pting. Acceptings were taking in, and unacceptings were denying. Therefore, it can be said that types of nurse's power and performing tactics on nursing practice and nurse's power based on responses of a patient, a doctor, an administrative worker, and a medical technicians are power or influence for agreeing, taking advice, trusting, understanding, exposuring himself, appreciating, and taking in to objects. The results of this study helped to understand nurse's power. I expect that this study will improve nure's power by using expert power, referent power, and legitimate power effectively among powers acmpanied with the origin and that nurses make ef-ort to improve professional knowledge and human nature so that they use this study as a chance to develope expert nursing practice.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.10-17
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• 2020

This study examines the interaction effects between branded contents' ending types(happy ending, non-happy ending) and the level of product involvement(high involvement, low involvement) on consumer's negative responses. Results suggest that the level of product involvement had no significant effect on consumer responses since product on video clips was not closely linked to the contents' message. Selective empathy is identified as the happy ending type of branded contents had a greater effect on consumer's negative responses than the non-happy ending type of. It is an apparent new phenomenon shown among the young after 2000s. Moreover, the interaction between contents' ending types and the level of product involvement had a significant effect on consumer's negative responses. Two interaction terms (i.e. happy ending and low product involvement; non-happy ending and high product involvement) are the viable message strategies to weaken the consumer responses in terms of 'dislike'.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1157-1162
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• 2004

A well-holder type piezoelectric chloramphenicol (CAP) immunosensor which was prepared by binding an anti­CAP antibody to the chemisorbed monolayers of various thiol or sulfide compounds over the gold electrode surface of quartz crystals through a carboxyl-amine coupling procedure, using the activation with l-ethyl- 3-(3-dimethylarninopropyl)carbodiimide­HCl and N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide, was determined for its responses to CAP, CAP succinate, and water-soluble CAP. The reaction phase used in the well holder was 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), and the solvent for analyte dissolution varied according to the solubility of the individual analyte. The analyte detection which was indicated by a steady-state frequency shift was finished within 10 min, except for CAP dissolved in methanol. The responses of CAP succinate and water-soluble CAP in the reaction phase were very stable, while a minute fluctuation was found with CAP.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1403-1414
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• 2010

Consumer decisions and responses about the price to pay vary. Some consumers might decide the appropriate price range prior to shopping, while others compare and evaluate prices. Especially, consumers can have different reference points for price evaluation based on various price searching behavior that represent heterogeneous responses for prices in the clothing purchase decision-making process. This research identifies how consumers evaluate the price and helps explain their decision-making based on price searches. By analyzing qualitative research, we found that consumers recalled price information as a representative indicator and product level price information through the internal search. Their level of internal references can be an important factor affecting price evaluations. In addition, each consumer groups were subdivided into high and low external searching. The four types of responses to price were classified in the price search process and the identified differences in the price evaluation. Therefore, pricing strategy needs to be differentiated for these various consumer types.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.71-81
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• 2019

As AI technology develops, its application has been extended to diverse fields. In particular, AI-enabled Chatbot services have garnered growing attention and such services are more important as a tool of communication in mobile shopping. However, research on chatbots is in its early stage and the understanding of chatbots in the context of mobile commerce is very limited. The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate consumer responses to a shopping chatbot with a focus on the effects of chatbot agent types and message types. Specifically, a $2{\times}2$ between-subjects experimental design, with the agent type (secretary/friend) and the message type (factual/evaluative) as the independent variables, was employed. The results show that although main effects of chatbot agent and message types are not found, interaction effects between chatbot agents and message types on consumer responses are significant. Specifically, when the agent type was a secretary, consumer responses to product recommendation with a factual message were more positive. On the other hand, in the case of the friend agent, the evaluative message led to more positive responses. The findings suggest that communication elements are important in the understanding of consumer responses to chatbots in mobile shopping and effective strategies for utilizing chatbots for mobile commerce should be considered.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.701-723
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• 2015

Friction isolators are one of the most important types of bearings used to mitigate damages of earthquakes. The adaptive behavior of these isolators allows them to achieve multiple levels of performances and predictable seismic behavior during different earthquake hazard levels. There are three main types of friction isolators. The first generation with one sliding surface is known as Friction Pendulum System (FPS) isolators. The double concave friction pendulum (DCFP) with two sliding surfaces is an advanced form of FPS, and the third one, with fully adaptive behavior, is named as triple concave friction pendulum (TCFP). The current study has been conducted to investigate and compare seismic responses of these three types of isolators. The structure is idealized as a two-dimensional single degree of freedom (SDOF) resting on isolators. The coupled differential equations of motion are derived and solved using state space formulation. Seismic responses of isolated structures using each one of these isolators are investigated under seven near fault earthquake motions. The peak values of bearing displacement and base shear are studied employing the variation of essential parameters such as superstructure period, effective isolation period and effective damping of isolator. The results demonstrate a more efficient seismic behavior of TCFP isolator comparing to the other types of isolators. This efficiency depends on the selected effective isolation period as well as effective isolation damping. The investigation shows that increasing the effective isolation period or decreasing the effective isolation damping improves the seismic behavior of TCFP compared to the other isolators. The maximum difference in seismic responses, the base shear and the bearing displacement, for the TCFP isolator are calculated 26.8 and 13.4 percent less than the DCFP and FPS in effective isolation damping equal to10%, respectively.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.783-788
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• 2010

This study was to examine to the CNS(Central Nervous System) responses of elderly drivers at the green, yellow, and red signal types. To examine this result, the older adults over age 65 who has more than 5 years of driving experience participated this experiment. In addition, we used audio-visual film clips as the stimulus than driving simulator, because the CNS reponses are sensitive to movement such as steering wheel. While subjects were watching one car's driving among green, yellow, or red signal types at the intersection, we measured their EEG(electroencephalogram) using monopolar electrodes from Fz, Cz and Pz sites. As a result, relative sizes of beta waves were changed due to the signal type conditions, and pre- and post-time of entering the intersection at the measured sites, separately. It suggests that the elderly drivers' CNS responses were different by the signal types.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.8 s.145
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• pp.1196-1206
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to identify the difference on the consumer's cognitive response, emotional and behavioral response in regard of the in-store shopping environment according to their apparel shopping orientation. The subjects of this study were consumers who finished shopping in the stores, and 300 questionnaires were completed. Data collected in this survey were analyzed by using Factor analysis, Cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA and Duncan test as a post identification. The results were as follows; 1. A significant difference was found on cognitive responses in regard of the in-store environment, such as a store atmosphere, salespeople, the assortment of products, and the fashion of products, according to types of apparel shopping orientation. The hedonic shopping type tended to have the higher evaluation toward a store atmosphere and salespeople than did other types. 2. Results showed statistically significant differences on emotional responses such as the outward/inward pleasure and outward/inward displeasure of the in-store shopping environment according to apparel shopping orientation types. The outward pleasure was found most highly in the high involvement shopping type. 3. There were significant differences on behavioral responses of the in-store shopping environment, such as the shopping satisfaction, the store revisit intention, recommending to others, and the unexpected consumption, according to apparel shopping orientation types.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.723-731
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• 2006

In this study, twenty-eight 7th graders were interviewed to explore their emotional responses and perceived teaching-learning strategies for effective conceptual change by the types of cognitive responses to a discrepant event. The results revealed that cognitive conflict was more induced by a discrepant event when its reliability and validity were emphasized. The students' cognitive responses to a discrepant event, the existence of alternative hypotheses, and their clearness influenced the patterns of emotional responses such as interest and anxiety. Many students perceived that emotional responses would have positive influences on concept learning processes. In the cases of the students exhibiting cognitive responses such as belief decrease, peripheral belief change, and belief change, opinions about teaching-learning strategies for effective conceptual change were different depending on whether they had alternative hypotheses or not. Educational implications are discussed.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.959-976
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate high school students' ideas related with dinosaur extinction, to classify students' responses types with alternative hypotheses of inconsistent with their ideas, and then to examine their cognitive conflict levels and the degree of ideas change. To investigate students' ideas, we analyzed responses 98 eleventh graders of a high school in Anyang area. The results of this study were as follows: First, most of the students responded a large scale asteroid impact with the cause of dinosaur extinction, and rest of them responded changed Earth's climate accompanying tectonic activity, extreme volcanic activity, shortage of food, disease(virus) and decrease of their habitat. Also, they thought that dinosaur was exterminated not by just one reason but by several complex reasons. Second, the students' responses of alternative hypotheses were classified into six types: rejection, reinterpretation, uncertainty, belief decrease, partial theory change, and theory change. Third, except rejection and reinterpretation types, other four types were arousing of cognitive conflict and the percentage of the students who felt cognitive conflict was 62.3% and that of the students who took the theory change was just 6.1 %.