• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2015년도 제49회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.168.2-168.2
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• 2015

We observed the temperature-dependent evolution and behavior of P3HT type-II phase during a real time annealing process from a cryo-cooled low temperature in the absence and presence of an Al electrode. A poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) Type-II phase in the P3HT:PCBM films started to form near at $-10^{\circ}C$, regardless of Al layer presence. In the absence of an Al layer, type-II phase was extinct at $30^{\circ}C$. However, the extinction temperature was extended to $50^{\circ}C$ in the presence of the Al layer. Simultaneously, combined with the type-II phase, a 1:3 ordered P3HT type-II (1/3,0,0) super-lattice peak evolved. These type-II domains tended to be formed near the Al electrode layer with higher aligned status than host P3HT crystals.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.699-705
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• 2005

폐광된 장풍광산의 풍화된 폐광석에 함유된 중금속의 존재형태를 규명하기 위해 5단계 연속추출법을 수행하였다. 각 단계에서 용출된 용액은 ICP-AES로 분석하였다. XRD로 풍화된 폐광석 시료들의 광물조성을 파악한 결과, 시료는 산성 환경에서 pH에 대한 완충작용을 할 수 있는 방해석의 유무에 따라 두 유형(type I and type II)으로 나눌 수 있었다. Type I 시료의 주 구성광물은 석영으로 방해석이 산출되지 않으며, type II 시료의 주 구성광물은 방해석이었다. 모든 시료에서 비소, 코발트, 철은 잔류형태로 존재하는 것이 가장 우세하였다. 카드뮴, 망간, 아연의 경우 type I 시료에서는 잔류형태가, type II 시료에서는 산화철망간형태가 우세하였다. 구리는 type I 시료의 경우 잔류형태가 가장 우세하였고, type II의 경우 황화광물형태가 우세하였다. 납은 type I시료에서는 잔류형태가 가장 우세하였고, type II시료에서 산화철망간 형태가 우세하였다. pH 4-7 사이에서 중금속의 상대적인 이동성은 type I시료의 경우 아연>구리>카드뮴>납>코발트>비소의 순서였으며, type II시료에서는 카드뮴>구리>아연>납>비소>코발트의 순서로 확인되었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.93-108
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• 2013

This study is aimed to prepare the effective detail survey methods(Phase II) of abandoned metal mines through the contamination assessment for mine types and facilities in the abandoned metal mine areas. The study sites of 12 abandoned mines are located in Gyeonggi-do and Gangwon-do and those were chosen among 310 sites that the Phase II survey was conducted from 2007 to 2009 after considering the results of Phase I for abandoned mines scattered all over the country. 12 study sites were classified into four types; Type I sites only have pit mouth. Type II sites have pit mouth and mine-waste field. Type III sites have pit mouth and tailing sorting field. Type IV sites have pit mouth, tailing sorting field and concentrator(s). In forest land, paddy soil and farm land of Type I, As and Cd were showed average concentration, and Cu and Pb were high on the pit mouth area in one mines where the pit mouth was developed within 500 m. In the mines of Type II, Cu and Pb were showed average concentration too, but As and Cd were slightly high in pit mouth and mine-waste field. The mines of Type III which had grinding particle process through physical separation milling or hitting showed similar tendency with Type II. However, mines of Type IV pit mouth, mine-waste field and showed various results depending on defining the contamination sources. For example, if contamination source was pit mouth, the mixed results of Type I, II, II were showed. In tailing sorting field which was regarded as the most important source and having high mobility, however, if there were no facilities or it was difficult to access directly, field sampling was missed occasionally during phase I and phase II survey. For that reason, the assessment for tailing sorting field is missed and it leads to completely different results. In the areas of Type I mines, the concentration of heavy metals exceeded precautionary standards of soil contamination or not within 1,000 meters of pit mouth. Nickel(Ni) was the largest factor of the heavy metal contamination in this type. The heavy metals except Arsenic(As) were shown high levels of concentration in Type II areas, where pit mouth and mine-waste field were operated for making powder in upriver region; therefore, to the areas in the vicinity of midstream and downstream, the high content of heavy metals were shown. The tendency of high level of heavy metals and toxic materials contained in flotation agent used during sorting process were found in soil around sorting and tailing field. In the abandoned-pit-mouth area, drygrinding area and tailing sorting field area, the content of Cupper(Cu) and Zinc(Zn) were higher than other areas. Also, the contaminated area were larger than mine reclamation area(2,000 m) and the location of tailing sorting field was one of the important factors to estimate contaminated area.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2005

The agricultural working tractor of this study is equipped with 4 wheel driving system developed in study 1 and 4-type wheel steering system. The wheel steering system has four type of steering methods that are front wheel steering, rear wheel steering, 4 wheel steering with opposite phase, and 4 wheel steering with corresponding phase. This study introduces the hydraulic circuit of the 4-type wheel steering system and the construction of working tractor. Judging from the field test results of the developed working tractor, it is apparent that 4-type wheel steering system has many advantages when driving in a narrow corral.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2017

Purpose : The purpose of this case study was to clinical effects of cervical exercise with sling program using on torture of survivor with sleep disturbance and Headache, neck disfunction. Methods : This study selects 1 subjects for 55 years old who were diagnosed with torture of survivor with sleep disturbance and headache. The Design is ABA of single-subject study design. Baseline(A) and TypeII Baseline(A : 6weeks) phases were received with musculoskeletal disease of prevention education, Intervention(B : 6weeks) phase provided with 65 minute exercise with sling program using in a session twice a week. In order to analyze the measure results of PSQI-K(korean version of the pittsburgh sleep quality index), VAS(visual analog scale), NDI(neck disability index), FABQ(fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire) in torture of survivor during baseline, intervention and typeII baseline phase. Result : A significant differences in PSQI-K during baseline, intervention, typeII baseline. A significant differences in VAS during baseline, intervention, typeII baseline. A significant differences in NDI during baseline, intervention, typeII baseline. A significant differences in FABQ during baseline, intervention, typeII baseline. Conclusion : In conclusion, The intervention method to applied cervical exercise with sling program on torture of survivor effectively improve on sleep disturbance and neck function, headache.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2016

본 연구는 수중 경사로 보행 훈련이 제2형 척수성근위축증(spinal muscular atrophy type II) 아동의 넙다리네갈래근 활성화와 보행 및 일상생활동작에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구의 대상자는 만 5세의 제2형 척수성근위축증으로 진단받은 아동이었다. 본 연구는 단일 대상자 반전 연구 설계(A-B-A)를 이용하여 일주일에 3번 12회기 실행하였고 기초선 설정기간(A), 실험 적용기간(B), 관찰기간(A)으로 나누어 진행하였다. 기초선 설정기간, 관찰기간에서는 일반적인 수중 치료가 적용되었고 실험 적용기간에는 일반적인 수중 치료와 수중 경사로 보행훈련(60m 경사로 걷기)이 추가되었다. 제2형 척수성근위축증 환자의 보행에 큰 영향을 끼치는 넙다리네갈래근 활성화 측정을 위해 표면 근전도 검사가 실시되었고, 동적인 기능평가를 위해 일어나 걷기 검사와 일상생활 기능평가(ACTIVLIM)를 실시하였다. 그 결과 기초선 설정기간에 비해 실험 적용기간에서 넙다리네갈래근의 활성화가 감소하였고 보행 시간도 감소하였다. 일상생활 기능은 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 하지만, 관찰기간동안 다시 넙다리네갈래근의 활성화 증가, 보행시간 증가, 일상생활 기능 감소가 나타난 것으로 보아 수중 경사로 보행 훈련이 본 아동에게 기능적으로 영향을 끼쳤음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.810-816
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 이동 통신 시스템에서 고속의 전송데이터를 전송할 시스템을 이루기 위해 적응변조 방식을 적용한 Truncated Type-II Hybrid ARQ 방식을 제안했다. 여기서, 나카가미 페이딩 채널 환경으로 적응변조 방식을 해석하였다. 적응변조 시스템은 나카가미 페이딩 지수에 따라서 변조 레벨과 심볼율을 제어할 수 있다. E$_{b}$ /N$_{0}$가 높거나 나카가미 페이딩 지수 m이 높을 경우 이 시스템은 높은 변조 레벨과 높은 심볼율을 선택하여 전송 효율을 증가시키는데 목적이 있다. 이와 반대로, E$_{b}$ /N$_{0}$rk 낮을 경우, 전송 성능 감소를 막기 위해 낮은 변조 레벨과 낮은 심볼율을 선택한다. 변조 방법으로는 QPSK(Quadrature Phase Shift Keying), 16 QAM(Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), 64 QAM, 256 QAM을 채용하였다. Trucated Type-II Hybrid ARQ 기법에 의한 적응변조 방식은 실시간(delay-limited)처리 및 고신뢰도가 요구되는 이동 통신 및 무선데이터 통신 시스템에 적용이 가능하리라 판단된다.단된다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1996-2005
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• 2021

Objective: To investigate the multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) features of fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma (FH-deficient RCC) with germline or somatic mutations, and compare them with those of papillary type II RCC (pRCC type II). Materials and Methods: A total of 24 patients (mean ± standard deviation, 40.4 ± 14.7 years) with pathologically confirmed FH-deficient RCC (15 with germline and 9 with somatic mutations) and 54 patients (58.6 ± 12.6 years) with pRCC type II were enrolled. The MDCT features were retrospectively reviewed and compared between the two entities and mutation subgroups, and were correlated with the clinicopathological findings. Results: All the lesions were unilateral and single. Compared with pRCC type II, FH-deficient RCC was more prevalent among younger patients (40.4 ± 14.7 vs. 58.6 ± 12.6, p < 0.001) and tended to be larger (8.1 ± 4.1 vs. 5.4 ± 3.2, p = 0.002). Cystic solid patterns were more common in FH-deficient RCC (20/24 vs. 16/54, p < 0.001), with 16 of the 20 (80.0%) cystic solid tumors having showed typical polycystic and thin smooth walls and/or septa, with an eccentric solid component. Lymph node (16/24 vs. 16/54, p = 0.003) and distant (11/24 vs. 3/54, p < 0.001) metastases were more frequent in FH-deficient RCC. FH-deficient RCC and pRCC type II showed similar attenuation in the unenhanced phase. The attenuation in the corticomedullary phase (CMP) (76.3% ± 25.0% vs. 60.2 ± 23.6, p = 0.008) and nephrographic phase (NP) (87.7 ± 20.5, vs. 71.2 ± 23.9, p = 0.004), absolute enhancement in CMP (39.0 ± 24.8 vs. 27.1 ± 22.7, p = 0.001) and NP (50.5 ± 20.5 vs. 38.2 ± 21.9, p = 0.001), and relative enhancement ratio to the renal cortex in CMP (0.35 ± 0.26 vs. 0.24 ± 0.19, p = 0.001) and NP (0.43 ± 0.24 vs. 0.29 ± 0.19, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in FH-deficient RCC. No significant difference was found between the FH germline and somatic mutation subgroups in any of the parameters. Conclusion: The MDCT features of FH-deficient RCC were different from those of pRCC type II, whereas there was no statistical difference between the germline and somatic mutation subgroups. A kidney mass with a cystic solid pattern and metastatic tendency, especially in young patients, should be considered for FH-deficient RCC.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.395-407
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• 2020

Purpose: A phase II study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of preoperative, intra-arterial perfusion of epirubicin, etoposide, and oxaliplatin combined with oral chemotherapy S-1 (SEEOX) for the treatment of type 4 gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: A single-center, single-arm phase II trial was conducted on 36 patients with histologically proven type 4 gastric cancer without distant peritoneal or organ metastasis. Patients received 3, 21-day courses of SEEOX preoperative chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) and the secondary outcomes assessed were chemotherapeutic response, radical resection rate, pathological regression, toxicities, postoperative morbidity, and mortality. Results: All patients were at an advanced stage of cancer (stage III or IV) and completed the entire course of treatment. Based on changes in tumor volume and peritoneal metastasis, the objective response rate was 55.6% (20/36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 38.5%-72.6%) and the disease control rate was 69.4% (25/36; 95% CI, 53.6%-85.3%). The radical resection rate was 75% (27/36; 95% CI, 60.1%-89.9%) and the proportion of R0 resections was 66.7% (21/36; 95% CI, 50.5%-82.8%). The pathological response rate was 33.3%, of which 13.9% showed complete pathological regression. The median survival was 27.1 months (95% CI, 22.24-31.97 months), and the 2-year OS was 48.5% (95% CI, 30.86%-66.1%). Conclusions: Preoperative SEEOX is a safe and effective treatment for type 4 gastric cancer. Based on these preliminary data, a phase III study will be conducted to confirm the superiority of this regimen over standard treatment.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the result of hardship performance of the propulsion speed on the flying carmel spins during a Figure Skating. The subjects were five the korea national representative players. Kinematic variables were analyzed 5frame of the excursion phase by the three-dimensional motion analysis system(60Hz). The obtained conclusion were as follows: In this study, during the propulsion classify two groups as "type I" the acceleration patterns S3, S4 and "type II" the uniform velocity group S1, S2, S5. The results of percentage comparative analysis between type I and type II can be summarized as below: the height of jump(24%), the height of COM(25%), the maximum speed of Roundhouse Kick(21%), the judging technical score(18%), the flight time(13%), the velocity of spins(4%), the distance of flight(-6%) Analysis of the results on performance variables, the velocity pattern of the type I showed comparatively excellence than that of type II.