• Title/Summary/Keyword: type checking

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Surface Checking Reduction Effect of Preservative-treated Korean Larch Round-woods with Various Physical Treatments (물리적 처리에 따른 낙엽송 방부원주목의 표면할렬 방지효과)

  • Pang, Sung-Jun;Oh, Jung-Kwon;Lee, Sang-Joon;Park, Jun-Ho;Jang, Sung-Il;Lee, Jun-Jae
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.45 no.1
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    • pp.107-115
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    • 2017
  • In this study, the surface check reduction effect of preservative-treated Korean larch round-wood was investigated by applying three physical treatments, such as incising, kerfing, and kiln-drying. Moreover, the possibility of long-term service life was also checked by comparing the depth of surface check and the penetration depth of preservative. A rapid gradient of wood moisture content between surface and center causes a surface check. Thus, the effect of reducing surface check was carried out at the lowest equilibrium moisture content (EMC) condition, temperature ($2^{\circ}C$), humidity (44.6%), in outdoor locations in Korea until the test specimens reach to the 8.6% EMC. As a result, the preservative-treated specimens without incising, kerfing, kiln-drying (Type C) could not ensure the long-term service life due to a large surface check. Because the surface check depth of all specimens was deeper than the penetration depth of preservative. In case of the incising treated specimens (Type I), 80% of them, the depth of surface check was not deeper than the penetration depth of preservative. However, when a kerfing was additionally treated (Type B), a possibility of happening deeper surface check than penetration depth of preservative was increased rather than Type I.

Practicability Assessment of Spherical Type Mechanical Check Device (SMCD) (Mechanical Check용 Spherical Device의 제작 및 특성 평가)

  • Lee, Byung-Koo;Kim, Gun-Oh;Kweon, Young-Ho
    • The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.55-62
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    • 2007
  • Purpose: Digital medical image commenced with an introduction of PACS has become more popular today in the radiation diagnosis and medical treatment and made great progress, in particular, for medical testing field, whereas it has made slow progress for radiation therapy area. In order to accommodate the current trend of digital from analog, a spherical type mechanical check device (SMCD) that is form of spherical differing from the existing form of flat or cube has been designed and tested its practicability to replace the part in mechanical check with digital image from QA operation. Materials and Methods: If the distance maintains constant between source(target) and image detector with constant distance to the center of spherical type mechanical check device(SMCD), the size will be shown as a constant image at all times regardless of its direction exposed. For the test, two accurate hemispheres are made and put together which results in a sphere of the equilateral circle. Results: It enables a variety of implementation of the existing mechanical check using digital image as follows: congruity level of radiation field and light field, size accuracy of radiation field and collimation field, gantry rotation isocenter check, collimation rotation isocenter check, room laser accuracy check, collimation rotation angle check, couch rotation angle check, and more. Conclusion: It has proved its practicability in checking isocenter congruity level as real time at the time of simultaneous rotation between gantry and couch that is applied to the non-coplanar field, which had been hard to apply as a device formed of existing flat or cube.

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A Feasibility Study on Developing Snow Melting Systems using CNT-Cement Composite (도로 융설체 개발을 위한 탄소나노튜브-시멘트 복합체 특성에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Heo, Jinnyung;Park, Bumjin;Kim, Taehyeong
    • International Journal of Highway Engineering
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.29-37
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    • 2013
  • PURPOSES : This study aims to review the possibility of developing a road snow-melting system that can prevent slip accidents by maintaining a constant temperature of the winter roads and enhance performance of structures, including improvement of compressive strength by mixing carbon nanotube (hereafter referred to as CNT) with cement paste, the basic material. METHODS : To achieve the above purpose, an experiment was conducted by mixing power-type CNT and wrap-type CNT up to cement paste formulation by weight of 0.0wt%~4.1wt% in accordance with "KS L ISO 679(of cement strength test method)", and compressive strength was measured at 28 days of curing. In addition, the volume resistivity of the specimen was measured to test thermal and electrical characteristics, and the rate of temperature changes in specimen surface by power consumption was measured by passing electricity through the cross-sections of the specimen. Meanwhile, the criteria for checking the performance as a road snow-melting system was determined as volume resistivity of $100{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ or less. RESULTS : A comparative analysis between specimen with 0wt% CNT content in plain status and specimen containing various types of CNTs was carried out. From its results, it was found that compressive strength increased approximately 19%, showing the highest rate when 0.2wt% of wrap-type CNT was contained, but volume resistivity of $100{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ or less appeared only in specimens containing more than 0.2wt% CNT. In addition, it was observed that the surface temperature increased by $4.62^{\circ}C$ per minute on average in specimens containing 3.2wt% CNT. CONCLUSIONS : In this study, CNT was examined as an underlying material for a road snow-melting system, and the possibility of developing the road now-melting system was reviewed by conducting various experiments using CNT-Cement composites. From the experimental results, the specimens were found to have a superior performance when compared to the existing road snow-melting systems that place the heat transfer medium such as copper on the road. However, satisfactory strength performance were not obtained from the specimen containing CNT(2.0% or more) that functions as a heating element, which leads to the need for reviewing methods to increase the strength by using plasticizer or admixture.

Comparisons between the KKU-Model and Conventional Rectal Tubes as Markers for Checking Rectal Doses during Intracavitary Brachytherapy of Cervical Cancer

  • Padoongcharoen, Prawat;Krusun, Srichai;Palusuk, Voranipit;Pesee, Montien;Supaadirek, Chunsri;Thamronganantasakul, Komsan
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.15 no.15
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    • pp.6115-6120
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    • 2014
  • Background: To compare the KKU-model rectal tube (KKU-tube) and the conventional rectal tube (CRT) for checking rectal doses during high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy (HDR-ICBT) of cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: Between February 2010 and January 2011, thirty -two patients with cervical cancer were enrolled and treated with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT). The KKU-tube and CRT were applied intrarectally in the same patients at alternate sessions as references for calculation of rectal doses during ICBT. The gold standard references of rectum anatomical markers which are most proximal to radiation sources were anterior rectal walls (ARW) adjacent to the uterine cervix demonstrated by barium sulfate suspension enema. The calculated rectal doses derived from actual anterior rectal walls, CRT and the anterior surfaces of the KKU-tubes were compared by using the paired t-test. The pain caused by insertion of each type of rectal tube was assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS). Results: The mean dose of CRT was lower than the mean dose of ARW ($Dmean_0-Dmean_1$) by $80.55{\pm}47.33cGy$ (p-value <0.05). The mean dose of the KKU-tube was lower than the mean dose of ARW ($Dmean_0-Dmean_2$) by $30.82{\pm}24.20cGy$ (p-value <0.05). The mean dose difference [($Dmean_0-Dmean_1$)-($Dmean_0-Dmean_2$)] was $49.72{\pm}51.60cGy$, which was statistically significant between 42.32 cGy -57.13 cGy with the t-value of 13.24 (p-value <0.05). The maximum rectal dose by using CRT was higher than the KKU-tube as much as 75.26 cGy and statistically significant with the t-score of 7.55 (p-value <0.05). The mean doses at the anterior rectal wall while using the CRTs and the KKU-tubes were not significantly different (p-value=0.09). The mean pain score during insertion of the CRT was significantly higher than the KKU-tube by a t-score of 6.15 (p-value <0.05) Conclusions: The KKU-model rectal tube was found to be an easily producible, applicable and reliable instrument as a reference for evaluating the rectal dose during ICBT of cervical cancer without negative effects on the patients.

Omnichannel's Perception Effect on Omnichannel Use and Customer-Brand Relationship (옴니채널의 지각된 편리성과 유용성이 옴니채널 사용과 소비자-브랜드 관계에 미치는 영향)

  • Yim, Duk-Soon;Han, Sang-Seol
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.14 no.7
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    • pp.83-90
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    • 2016
  • Purpose - This study focuses on new type distribution channel that named as Omnichannel. Omnichannel is developed from Multichannel which is used in many distribution channels to buy or selling goods. Omnichannel basically needs an Information and Communications Technologies(ICT) to use, so researcher conduct a Technology Acceptance Model(TAM) to research model. Customer-brand relationship was used as dependent variable to focus on the role of Omnichannel. Research design, data, and methodology - The subject of this study is customer who purchase goods or service through omnichannel. Based on the literature from the preceding research analysis of TAM and customer-brand relationship, this study was constructed by the reference to previous studies, final research model design for figure out casual relationship among perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, omnichannel use and customer-brand relationship. From 2016 February 3 to March 17, questionnaire survey targeted customers who use online and offline channels. 273 questionnaire survey had conducted, then, 252 survey data were available for empirical analysis. Researcher provide descriptive statistics for checking generality. Cronbach's alpha value was used to check the reliability of data. Exploratory factor analysis was used for purification of values and eigenvalue checking. After EFA, Confirmatory factor analysis was used to prepare structural equation modeling with executing structural equation modeling for confirming hypothesis which developed by researcher. Results - The main results of this empirical study are as follows. First, omnichannel's perceived ease of use has positive significant effect on perceived usefulness(estimate: 0.579). Moreover, omnichannel's perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness has positive significant effect on omnichannel use(estimate: 0.325,0.648). Second, using omnichannel has positive significant effect on brand-customer relationship(estimate: 0.521). Every hypothesis adopted as researcher designed. This study found out the intermediate relationship between perceived ease of use and omnichannel use by investigating hypothesis. Conclusions - Base on the empirical result, this study confirmed that TAM theory perceived has relation with omnichannel. First, factors of TAM has positive effect on omnichannel use, so it highlights the important role of customer based interface and usefulness. Especially, perceived usefulness has high indirect influence on ease of use and use of omnichannel. It seems that when customers try to decide use or not use omnichannel, customers focus on percept benefits from omnichannel. Thus, a provider should applicate attractive price table, accurate product or service information and high switching cost strategy to emphasize the usefulness of omnichannel. Second, using omnichannel enhances the relationship between customers and brand, because there are more time and frequency to serve customers. It is important because good relationship between customers can increase the future's financial performance through word of mouse, positive brand image and loyalty to brand or company. Finally, despite of empirical result and implications, this study has limitations. First, there are only a few previous studies about omnicahnnel, so literature reviews are restricted. While set up the factors which can affect the use of omnichannel, next study should be considered with broader theories or models(ex: contingency theory). Second, omnichannel has developed from multichannel, so comparative analysis is needed between these methods because there is a possibility about different forte character of each distribution system on customer's consuming patterns.

Nutritional Evaluation of Convenience Meals in Convenience Stores near the Universities (대학가 주변 편의점 식사대용 편의식의 영양 평가)

  • Shin, Go-Na;Kim, Yu-Ri;Kim, Mi-Hyun
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.375-386
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    • 2017
  • Objectives: Rapid economic growth and industrial development in South Korea have led to a great change in dietary patterns, and the use of convenience foods has continuously increased. This study was performed to evaluate the energy and nutrient contents of convenience foods at convenience stores near the universities as a meal. Methods: Data was collected by visiting 22 convenience stores near some universities in Chungbuk and Seoul and by checking nutrition labels on convenience foods at the stores. Data of a total of 338 food items were collected, and divided into five groups according to the food categories; rice products (n=156), noodles (n=101), burger/sandwiches (n=62), Tteokbokkis (n=11), and dumplings (n=8). Further, rice products, noodles, and burger/sandwiches were divided into subcategories. Results: The proportion of calories from carbohydrates was high in the rice products and tteokbokki, while the rate of calories from fat was high in burger/sandwiches and dumplings. Among the rice products, the proportion of carbohydrate calories was high in a one-dish food, rice with soup, and triangular kimbap, while the proportion of calories from fat in lunch boxes was high. In the noodles category, ramyeon and spaghetti had a high percentage of fat calories, while udong had a high percentage of carbohydrate calories. The ratio of the calorie content in relation to the KDRIs for adults aged 19-29 years, lunch boxes provided about 1/3 of daily required energy. However, the amount of calories as one meal was not enough for other types of rice products except for lunch boxes. Ramyeon was high in calories, fat, and sodium, but low in protein content. The burger/sandwiches had a high percentage of fat and sodium. Conclusions: Our results showed several nutritional limitations of convenience meals in convenience stores according to the type of food. Therefore, college students should limit excessive intake of convenience meals on a regular basis in order to avoid unhealthy food intake patterns. Our results demonstrate the need for educating college students with regard to checking nutrition labels when choosing convenience meals in order to facilitate the selection of food items that contribute to a balanced diet.

Research Analysis in Automatic Fake News Detection (자동화기반의 가짜 뉴스 탐지를 위한 연구 분석)

  • Jwa, Hee-Jung;Oh, Dong-Suk;Lim, Heui-Seok
    • Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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    • v.10 no.7
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    • pp.15-21
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    • 2019
  • Research in detecting fake information gained a lot of interest after the US presidential election in 2016. Information from unknown sources are produced in the shape of news, and its rapid spread is fueled by the interest of public drawn to stimulating and interesting issues. In addition, the wide use of mass communication platforms such as social network services makes this phenomenon worse. Poynter Institute created the International Fact Checking Network (IFCN) to provide guidelines for judging the facts of skilled professionals and releasing "Code of Ethics" for fact check agencies. However, this type of approach is costly because of the large number of experts required to test authenticity of each article. Therefore, research in automated fake news detection technology that can efficiently identify it is gaining more attention. In this paper, we investigate fake news detection systems and researches that are rapidly developing, mainly thanks to recent advances in deep learning technology. In addition, we also organize shared tasks and training corpus that are released in various forms, so that researchers can easily participate in this field, which deserves a lot of research effort.

Personalized Clothing and Food Recommendation System Based on Emotions and Weather (감정과 날씨에 따른 개인 맞춤형 옷 및 음식 추천 시스템)

  • Ugli, Sadriddinov Ilkhomjon Rovshan;Park, Doo-Soon
    • KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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    • v.11 no.11
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    • pp.447-454
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    • 2022
  • In the era of the 4th industrial revolution, we are living in a flood of information. It is very difficult and complicated to find the information people need in such an environment. Therefore, in the flood of information, a recommendation system is essential. Among these recommendation systems, many studies have been conducted on each recommendation system for movies, music, food, and clothes. To date, most personalized recommendation systems have recommended clothes, books, or movies by checking individual tendencies such as age, genre, region, and gender. Future generations will want to be recommended clothes, books, and movies at once by checking age, genre, region, and gender. In this paper, we propose a recommendation system that recommends personalized clothes and food at once according to the user's emotions and weather. We obtained user data from Twitter of social media and analyzed this data as user's basic emotion according to Paul Eckman's theory. The basic emotions obtained in this way were converted into colors by applying Hayashi's Quantification Method III, and these colors were expressed as recommended clothes colors. Also, the type of clothing is recommended using the weather information of the visualcrossing.com API. In addition, various foods are recommended according to the contents of comfort food according to emotions.

An Analysis Method for Detecting Vulnerability to Symbolic Link Exploit (심볼릭 링크 공격 취약성 검출을 위한 분석 기법)

  • Joo, Seong-Yong;Ahn, Joon-Seon;Jo, Jang-Wu
    • The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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    • v.15A no.1
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    • pp.45-52
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    • 2008
  • In this paper we define a vulnerable code to symbolic link exploit and propose a technique to detect this using program analysis. The existing methods to solve symbolic link exploit is for protecting it, on accessing a temporary file they should perform an investigation whether the file is attacked by symbolic link exploit. If programmers miss the investigation, the program may be revealed to symbolic link exploit. Because our technique detects all the vulnerable codes to symbolic link exploit, it helps programmers keep the program safety. Our technique add two type qualifiers to the existing type system to analyze vulnerable codes to symbolic link exploit, it detects the vulnerable codes using type checking including the added type qualifiers. Our technique detects all the vulnerable codes to symbolic link exploit automatically, it has the advantage of saving costs of modifying and of overviewing all codes because programmers apply the methods protecting symbolic link exploit to only the detected codes as vulnerable. We experiment our analyzer with widely used programs. In our experiments only a portion of all the function fopen() is analyzed as the vulnerabilities to symbolic link exploit. It shows that our technique is useful to diminish modifying codes.

Applicability for Authenticity of Bronze Artefacts using Scientific Analyses (과학적 분석을 통한 전세품 청동기의 진위판별 적용 가능성 연구)

  • Do, Misol;Chung, Kwang Yong
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.355-366
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    • 2013
  • Diverse scientific analyses, including microstructure, ICP-AES, SEM-EDS, and P-XRF(Bench Top type and Gun type), were carried out on 6 bronze artefacts which handed from generation to generation. Also, we attempted to study applicability for authenticity of the bronze artefacts using scientific analyses based on the specific element. The results of ICP-AES analysis showed that the bronze were formed from an alloy of Cu, Sn, Pb with trace elements such as Ag, As, Co, Fe, but there were not Zn found. The result of P-XRF are 10~25% lower in Cu and 10~20% higher in Sn than that of ICP-AES. This is because of destannification that the compound of $SnO_2$ are present on the surface. The results of SEM-EDS represented that there is lead segregation. It was difficult to study applicability for authenticity of bronze artefact according to the microstructures and chemical components of the bronze artefacts. Therefore, as bronze artefacts have shown different corrosion materials depending on the buried environment and conserving environment, identifying the authenticity would be possible on the basis of the additional researches on the corrosion and comparative research of ancient art.