• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.243-254
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• 1992

In the present study two sets of unbalanced two-way cross-classification data with and without empty cell(s) were used to evaluate empirically the various sums of squares in the analysis of variance table. Searle(1977) and Searle et.al.(1981) developed a method of computing R($\alpha$\mid$\mu, \beta$) and R($\beta$\mid$\mu, \alpha$) by the use of partitioned matrix of X'X for the model of no interaction, interchanging the columns of X in order of $\alpha, \mu, \beta$ and accordingly the elements in b. An alternative way of computing R($\alpha$\mid$\mu, \beta$), R($\beta$\mid$\mu, \alpha$) and R($\gamma$\mid$\mu, \alpha, \beta$) without interchanging the columns of X has been found by means of,$(X'X)^-$ derived, using $W_2 = Z_2Z_2-Z_2Z_1(Z_1Z_1)^-Z_1Z_2$. It is true that $R(\alpha$\mid$\mu,\beta,\gamma)\Sigma = SSA_W and R(\beta$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\gamma)\Sigma = SSB_W$ where $SSA_W$ and means analysis and $R(\gamma$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\beta) = R(\gamma$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\beta)\Sigma$ for the data without empty cell, but not for the data with empty cell(s). It is also noticed that for the datd with empty cells under W - restrictions $R(\alpha$\mid$\mu,\beta,\gamma)_W = R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W - R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W = R(\alpha$\mid$\mu) and R(\beta$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\gamma)_W = R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W - R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W = R(\beta$\mid$\mu) but R(\gamma$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\beta)_W = R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W - R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W \neq R(\gamma$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\beta)$. The hypotheses $H_o : K' b = 0$ commonly tested were examined in the relation with the corresponding sums of squares for $R(\alpha$\mid$\mu), R(\beta$\mid$\mu), R(\alpha$\mid$\mu,\beta), R(\beta$\mid$\mu,\alpha), R(\alpha$\mid$\mu,\beta,\gamma), R(\beta$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\gamma), and R(\gamma$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\beta)$ under the restrictions.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2016

Patterns are of great significance to develop algebraic thinking of elementary students. This study analyzed teaching methods of patterns in current elementary mathematics textbook series in terms of three main activities related to pattern generalization (i.e., analyzing the structure of patterns, investigating the relationship between two variables, and reasoning and representing the generalized rules). The results of this study showed that such activities to analyze the structure of patterns are not explicitly considered in the textbooks, whereas those to explore the relationship between two variables in a pattern are emphasized throughout all grade levels using function table. The activities to reason and represent the generalized rules of patterns are dealt in a way both for lower grade students to use informal representations and for upper grade students to employ formal representations with expressions or symbols. The results of this study also illustrated that patterns in the textbooks are treated rather as a separate strand than as something connected to other content strands. This paper closes with several implications to teach patterns in a way to foster early algebraic thinking of elementary school students.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.119-134
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• 2023

An Analysis of the Choice of Wedding Time Based on the Gimundungap Theory. The purpose of this study is to research the utility and validity of wedding time selection based on the principles of Ungokgimun, a recent development of Gimundungap theory. Unlike the conventional way of choosing from common auspicious hours and days deemed available for important ceremonial occasions, Ungokgimun determines the propitious heavenly wedding time catered for a particular couple based on the birth table consisting of the four pillars of the bride- and groom-to-be. Using the Hong Guk-soo numbers which are drawn from the basic principles of oriental philosophy, it utilizes a deductive approach to wedding time choice, which is considered decisive and logical. Wedding time selection for a bride and a bridegroom is determined by auspicious combinations of matching and supporting HongGuk-soo numbers. Some relevant determining factors for the time choice are three number combination of samhap, two number combination of half-hap, latitudinal combination of yuk-hap, support and control relationships between related elements, two number punishment of hyung-sal, and three number punishment of samhyung-sal, etc. The specific auspicious palace of the spouse-to-be's luck is selected on the basis of supporting or brotherly combination of numbers which are manifested on the baseline earthly plate of the bride- and groom-to-be. This is followed by the selection of the ten-year luck, and year and month luck, and finally by the selection of auspicious day and hours. The validity of this study was verified through theoretical consideration of the Ungokgimun and practical analysis of a variety of marriage cases. It was found that the way of wedding time selection using Ungok Gimundungap was relatively more effective than other conventional methods.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.677-682
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• 2018

The relationship-type research and development (R&D) portfolio is a method for selecting core technologies based on their unique purposes and characteristics when the criteria for selecting them are independent. This study presents a relationship-type R&D portfolio method as a way to derive core technologies, and describes the methodology by dividing it into three steps: 1) analyze the relationships between selection criteria and analytical indicators, 2) form a portfolio matrix that best matches each selection criteria, and 3) derive the core technologies. In this study, the relationships between four selection criteria for selecting core technologies and the analytical indicators for identifying the technology level, economics, and the technology itself, are written in a table with HoQ. Based on the relationship table, analytical indicators to be considered were derived to satisfy each selection criterion, and the derived analytical indicators and the selected technologies were constructed with two axes in the portfolio matrix. The satisfied portfolio, P0, that satisfies all four criteria, and the portfolio, P1~P4, that satisfies selection criteria based on the unique characteristics of the four criteria, were constructed, and core technologies derived. The selected core technologies can be utilized in selecting a core area against the future security environment through a process like key word analysis based on the specifications.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.182-189
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• 2011

This research suggests a way of hygienic space planing of the customer space in the university student restaurant of E University in Seoul. For this study. the behavior observation in the restaurant was conducted in order to analyze the sequence of customer behavior related space planing applying HACCP (Hazard Analysis And Critical Control Point). Also the survey was conducted to analyze opinions of customers about hygiene of the space. The results of the analyses of the observation and the survey were similar in terms of hygiene. In conclusion, for hygienic space planing of the customer space in restaurant, the space circulation should be planned according to the hygienic sequence of customer behavior. The spaces in restaurant should be divided into two areas: the clean area and the contaminated area to prevent cross-contamination. The clean area, such as spaces preparing dishes and food including water and table hall where customers eat, should be separated from the contaminated area such as the spaces where waste is handled and where dirty dishes are kept. In order to prevent cross-contamination, hygiene facility to remove contamination should be located before going to the clean area. More specifically, the hygiene facility should be located between a cash counter and a space preparing dishes so that customers can wash their hands before they touch dishes. Space arrangement with feed-back process to check the possible points of cross-contamination and correct space arrangement until the possibility of cross-contamination is removed in the restaurant.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TE
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.395-402
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• 2002

In the conventional public switched telephone network(PSTN), there are various types of modulation that can be used in ADSL to offer fast data communication, two of which are CAP(Carrierless Amplitude Phase) and DMT(Discrete MultiTone). As we consider the current situation, DMT is getting more predominant in the market than CAP. One of the reasons is that it gives high performance in spite of its high complexity Since DMT divides the full range of bandwidth into 256 sub-channels, it can be highly adaptive in the circumstances, where the problems of attenuation and noise caused by the propagation distance are very crucial. In this paper, a new bit loading algorithm for DMT modulation is proposed. The proposed algorithm can be efficiently implemented in a way that it requires less computation than the conventional modulation techniques. In contrast to the conventional algorithms which perform sorting processing, the proposed algorithm uses look-up tables to reduce the repetition of calculation. Consequently, it is shown that less processing time and lower complexity can be achieved.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.2 no.6
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• pp.837-844
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• 2001

XML has already been settled down as a standard for the exchange of commercial data on the web. Though most institutions have a wish to use XML document as an EDI form for all sorts of document exchange, it is unfortune that previous commercial data is still saved in the relational form of data base. Therefore, it is necessary that data saved in the relational form of data base be transformed into XML document form for the better use of document exchange. In order to transform relational form of data base to XML, one solution is to publish XML document by way of mapping each field of the relational form of data base table onto XML. However, in the case of building one XML document out of more i~km two data base tables, a join should be performed since a mere mapping associated with DTD tan not solve the problem. In this paper, we build the view for the XML in which alignments generated from the join are presented. and then through this view the contents with the relational form of data base should be transformed into XML. Briefly speaking, This paper aims to propose algorithm concerned with this transformation and to realize it.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.366-372
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• 2004

Objectives : This study was conducted to propose a new transmission/disequilibrium test(TDT) to test the linkage between genetic markers and disease-susceptibility genes based on haplotypes. Simulation studies were performed to compare the proposed method with that of Zhao et al. in terms of type I error probability and powers. Methods : We estimated the haplotype frequencies using the expectation-maximization(EM) algorithm with parents genotypes taken from a trio dataset, and then constructed a two-way contingency table containing estimated frequencies to all possible pairs of parents haplotypes. We proposed a score test based on differences between column marginals and their corresponding row marginals. The test also involved a covariance structure of marginal differences and their variances. In simulation, we considered a coalescent model with three genetic markers of biallele to investigate the performance of the proposed test under six different configurations. Results : The haplotype-based TDT statistics, our test and Zhao et al.'s test satisfied a type I error probability, but the TDT test based on single locus showed a conservative trend. As expected, the tests based on haplotypes also had better powers than those based on single locus. Our test and that of Zhao et al. were comparable in powers. Conclusion : We proposed a TDT statistic based on haplotypes and showed through simulations that our test was more powerful than the single locus-based test. We will extend our method to multiplex data with affected and/or unaffected sibling(s) or simplex data having only one parent s genotype.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.203-208
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of salivary contamination of teeth on bonding efficacy of self-priming and self-etching DBSs. The materials used were Single Bond(SB, self-priming system, 3M), Unifil Bond(UB, self-etching system, GC), and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus(SM, 3M) as control. Forty five human molars randomly allocated to three groups as dentin bonding systems tested and embedded in epoxy resin. Then the specimens were wet-ground to expose flat buccal enamel surface or flat occlusal dentin surface and cut bucco-lingually to form two halves with slow speed diamond saw. One of them was used under non-contamination, other under contamination with saliva. The bonding procedure was according to the manufacturer's directions and resin composite(Z-100, 3M Dental Products, St. Paul, MN) was built-up on the bonded surface 5mm high. The specimens were ground carefully at the enamel-composite interface with fine finishing round diamond bur to create an hour-glass shape yielding bonded surface areas of $1.5{\pm}0.1\textrm{mm}^2$. The specimens were bonded to the modified microtensile testing apparatus with cyanoacrylate, attached to the universal testing machine and stressed in tension at a CHS of 1mm/min. The tensile force at failure was recorded and converted to a tensile stress(MPa). Mean values and standard deviations of the bond strength are listed in table. One-way ANOVA was used to determine significant difference at the 95% level. The bond strength of SBMP and SB were not affected by salivary contamination, but that of UB was significantly affected by salivary contamination. These results indicate that DBSs with total etch technique seems less likely affected by salivary contamination in bonding procedure.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.631-643
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• 2016

Currently, General Number Field Sieve(GNFS) is known as the most efficient way for factoring large numbers. CADO-NFS is an open software based on GNFS, that was used to factor RSA-704. Polynomial selection in CADO-NFS can be divided into two stages - polynomial selection, and optimization of selected polynomial. However, optimization of selected polynomial in CADO-NFS is an immense procedure which takes 90% of time in total polynomial selection. In this paper, we introduce modification of optimization stage in CADO-NFS. We implemented precomputation table and modified optimization algorithm to reduce redundant calculation for faster optimization. As a result, we select same polynomial as CADO-NFS, with approximately 40% decrease in time.