• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.127-135
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• 2018

PURPOSES : This study develops various models that can estimate the pattern of road surface temperature changes using machine learning methods. METHODS : Both a thermal mapping system and weather forecast information were employed in order to collect data for developing the models. In previous studies, the authors defined road surface temperature data as a response, while vehicular ambient temperature, air temperature, and humidity were considered as predictors. In this research, two additional factors-road type and weather forecasts-were considered for the estimation of the road surface temperature change pattern. Finally, a total of six models for estimating the pattern of road surface temperature changes were developed using the MATLAB program, which provides the classification learner as a machine learning tool. RESULTS : Model 5 was considered the most superior owing to its high accuracy. It was seen that the accuracy of the model could increase when weather forecasts (e.g., Sky Status) were applied. A comparison between Models 4 and 5 showed that the influence of humidity on road surface temperature changes is negligible. CONCLUSIONS : Even though Models 4, 5, and 6 demonstrated the same performance in terms of average absolute error (AAE), Model 5 can be considered the optimal one from the point of view of accuracy.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.59-70
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• 1997

A study on the operation of a heat pipe with two heat sources has been performed to optimize the heat distribution of satellite equipment. A numerical modeling is used to predict the temperature profile for the heat pipe assuming cylindrical two-dimensional laminar flow for the vapor, and the conduction heat transfer for the wall and wick. An experimental study using the copper-water heat pipe with the length of 0.45 m has been performed to evaluate the numerical model and to compare the temperature distribution at the outer wall for the non-uniform heat distribution. The results on temperature profiles for the heat input range from 29 W to 47 W on each heater are presented. Also the correlation between the heat input and the temperature increase is presented for the optimum distribution on two heaters. The result shows that the outer wall temperature can be controlled by redistribution of heat sources. It is also concluded that the heat source closer to the condenser can carry more heat while maintaining lower temperatures at the outer wall.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.281-286
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• 2006

In this study, acquired time series Landsat TM/ETM+ image to extract land surface temperature for wide-area region and executed geometric correction and radiometric correction. And extracted land surface temperature using NASA Model, and I achieved the first correction by perform land coverage category for study region and applies characteristic emission rate. Land surface temperature that acquire by the first correction analyzed correlation with Meteorological Administration's temperature data by regression analysis, and established correction formula. And I wished to improve accuracy of land surface temperature extraction using satellite image by second correcting deviations between two datas using establishing correction formula. As a result, land surface temperature that acquire by 1,2th correction could correct in mean deviation of about ${\pm}3.0^{\circ}C$ with Meteorological Administration data. Also, could acquire land surface temperature about study region by relative high accuracy by applying to other Landsat image for re-verification of study result.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.316-322
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• 2002

This paper presents the temperature-dependent hysteresis identification of an electro-rheological (ER) fluid under various operating temperatures using the Preisach model. As a first step, polymethylaniline (PMA) particles are prepared and mixed with silicone oil to make an ER fluid. A couette type electroviscometer is then employed to obtain the field-dependent shear stress. In order to show the suitability of the Preisach model to predict a physical hysteresis phenomenon of the ER fluid, two significant properties; the minor loop property and the wiping-out property are experimentally examined under three dominant temperature conditions. Subsequently, the Preisach model fur the PMA-based ER fluid is identified using experimental first order descending (FOD) curves. The effectiveness of the identified hysteresis model is verified in the time domain by comparing the predicted field-dependent shear stress with the measured one under the both specified and unspecified temperatures. In addition, the hysteresis model proposed in this work is compared to Bingham model.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.648-656
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• 2002

This paper presents the identification of temperature-dependent hysteresis of an electro-rheological (ER) fluid under various operating temperatures using the Preisach model. As a first step, polymethylaniline (PMA) particles are prepared and mixed with silicone oil to make an ER fluid. A couette type electroviscometer is then employed to obtain the field-dependent shear stress. In order to show the suitability of the Preisach model to predict a physical hysteresis phenomenon of the ER fluid, two significant properties; the minor loop property and the wiping-out property are experimentally examined under three dominant temperature conditions. Subsequently, the Preisach model for the PMA-based ER fluid is identified using experimental multiple first order descending (FOD) curves. The effectiveness of the identified hysteresis model is verified in the time domain by comparing the predicted field-dependent shear stress with the measured one under the both specified and unspecified temperatures. In addition, the hysteresis model proposed in this work is compared to Bingham model.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.697-700
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• 2005

Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) system can be very cost-effective and renewable energy sources, depending on site-specific parameters and load characteristics. In order to develop an ATES system which has certain hydrogeological characteristics, understanding of the thermo hydraulic processes of an aquifer is necessary for a proper design of an aquifer heat storage system under given conditions. The thermo hydraulic transfer for heat storage is simulated using FEFLOW according to two sets of pumping and waste water reinjection scenarios of heat pump operation in a two layered confined aquifer. In the first set of model, the movement of the thermal front and groundwater level are simulated by changing the locations of injection and pumping well in seasonal cycle. However, in the second set of model the simulation is performed in the state of fixing the locations of pumping and injection well. After 365 days simulation period, the temperature distribution is dominated by injected water temperature and the distance from injection well. The small temperature change is appears on the surface compared to other slices of depth because the first layer has very low porosity and the transfer of thermal energy are sensitive at the porosity of each layer. The groundwater levels and temperature changes in injection and pumping wells are monitored to validate the effectiveness of the used heat pump operation method and the thermal interference between wells is analyzed.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.227-235
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• 2022

In this study, a biodegradation model of based on molecular cellulose was established. It is a mathematical, kinetic model, assuming that two major enzymes randomly break glycosidic bonds of cellulose molecules, and calculates the number of molecules by applying the corresponding probability and degradation reaction coefficients. Model calculations considered enzyme dose, cellulose chain length, and reaction rate constant ratio. Degradation increased almost by two folds with increase of temperature (5℃→25℃). The change of degradation was not significant over the higher temperatures. As temperature increased, the degradation rate of the molecules increased along with higher production of shorter chain molecules. As the reaction rates of the two enzymes were comparative the degree of degradation for any combinations of enzyme application was not affected much. Enzyme dose was also tested through experiment. While enzyme dose ranged from 1 mg/L to 10 mg/L, the gap between real data and model calculations was trivial. However, at higher dose of those enzymes (>15 mg/L), the experimental result showed the lower concentrations of reductive sugar than the corresponding model calculation did. We determined that the optimal enzyme dose for maximum generation of reductive sugar was 10 mg/L.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.115-123
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• 1998

We study the ski wear which are compared at the materials and the designes and their human physiological and phychological response during exercise in a cold and air-conditioned enviroments. Five men exercises in the experiment room with four types of ski-wears : two of one-piece and two of two-piece : two of special material and two of a normal material, respectively. We keep the environment at $-5^{\circ}C$ and speed of 3.6 mile/hr during the measurement of 13 points, which is a mean model of the Muju ski-resort at January 1996. We conclude the followings : 1. The ski-wear with special materials have higher than the normal type at mean skin temperature and rectal temperature. 2. Changes of temperature withing the clothes during the exercise is small, but the humidity within the clothes abruptly increases because of the weight loss. 3. Type A ski-wear with the special material has $295.5g/m^2hr$ weight loss, which is higher, and type D ski-wear is smaller 4. The special material shows comfortable in the thermal sensation. 5. In the design aspect of the ski-wears, the two-piece type ski-wear shows higher skin temperature and temperature & humidity within the clothes than the one-piece type due to the effect of the multiplicity.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.51-59
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• 2002

In this study, cycle simulation was performed to investigate the effect of EGR on combustion characteristics and emissions including NO and soot using a two-zone model in a DI diesel engine. The NO formation was well predicted for different EGR rate and temperature using a two-zone model. The oxygen in the inlet charge was replaced by CO$_2$ and H$_2$O with EGR. The reduction in the inlet charge oxygen resulted in very large reduction in NO level at the same inlet charge temperature. The effect of EGR was to reduce the burned gas temperature. When EGR was increased from 0% to 15%, the peak flame temperature was decreased by 50$\^{C}$ and it caused about 57% NO reduction. EGR caused increase of the overall inlet charge temperature which offset some of benefit of lower flame temperature resulting from O$_2$ displacement. Cooling the EGR was confirmed to provide additional benefits by lowering NO emission. It also reduced soot emission.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.451-460
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• 1983

Computational four-equation turbulence model is developed and is applied to predict twodimensional unsteady thermal surface discharge into a reservoir. Turbulent stresses and heat fluxes in the momentum and energy equations are determined from transport equations for the turbulent kinetic energy (R), isotropic rate of kinetic energy dissipation (.epsilon.), mean square temperature variance (theta. over bar $^{2}$), and rate of destruction of the temperature variance (.epsilon. $_{\theta}$). Computational results by four-equation model are favorably compared with those obtained by an extended two-equation model. Added advantage of the four-equation model is that it yields quantitative information about the ratio between the velocity time scale and the thermal time scale and more detailed information about turbulent structure. Predicted time scale ratio is within experimental observations by others. Although the mean velocity and temperature fields are similarly predicted by both models, it is found that the four-equation model is preferably candidate for prediction of highly buoyant turbulent flows.