• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.288-296
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• 2003

최근 말뚝기초 공법으로서 강관말뚝의 활용이 토목 및 건축 분야에서 증대됨에 따라 이종의 재질을 가진 강관 말뚝과 콘크리트 확대 기초의 연결방법에 대한 기술개발 및 실제거동 파악에 대한 관심이 매우 높아지고 있다. 연결부에 대한 국내 시방서는 두 가지(A, B-type) 연결방법을 제시하고 있지만 실제적으로는 B-type 방법이 주로 활용되고 있는 상황이다. 본 논문에서는 강관 말뚝의 B-type 연결방법의 구조거동을 파악하기 위하여 말뚝에 작용하는 대표적인 하중인 연직하중에 대하여 3종류와 수평 하중에 대하여 두 종류의 실험체에 대한 재하시험을 실시하였다. 또한 재하실험 결과값에 대한 비교 분석을 위하여 3차원 유한 요소해석을 수행하였다. 실험과 수치해석 결과를 비교 분석한 바 현재 강관 말뚝 연결부의 설계법으로 적용되고 있는 가상 철근 콘크리트 기둥의 거동을 확인하였다. 또한 콘크리트 확대기초에 작용하는 하중을 강관으로 전달하기 위하여 사용되는 미끌림 방지턱의 역할과 이러한 방지턱이 강관과 콘크리트의 합성거동에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 향후 합리적인 강관 말뚝 연결부에 대한 설계 방법 및 기준을 정립함에 있어 기초 연구자료와 강관 말뚝 연결부의 구조거동을 파악하기 위한 실험방법을 제시하였다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.262-277
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to define the effects of the roles played by the Doulas : one group educated on the conventional Lamaze method known to have effects on birth pang during delivery process and the other group educated both on Lamaze and therapeutic touch. On the various factors of delivery, and thereby, provide for some basic data to develop an effective nursing intervention to relieve women of their birth pang. 136 mothers who were hospitalized in a general hospital from June 13, 1998 to May 13, 1998 to May 13, 1999 to deliver their first babies were sampled to be divided into control group, test group I and test group II and thus be subject to interviews and observations. As for the tool of study, melzack's(1975) 'pain scale', McCaffery's(1972) and Mcrachlan's(1974) 'pain expression scales' and Spielberger's (1975) 'anxiety scale' were used. The preparatory educational programs consisted of 5week Lamaze method and therapeutic touch. The research, design was quasi-experimental, non equivalent, posttest only control group design. The collected data were processed using the SPSS/PC statistics software for frequencies, means and one-way Anova as well as Tukey HSD and Scheffe test as post hoc for individual comparison. Moreover, chi-square test was used to test the differences between groups, while Pearson's correlation coefficients were analyzed to determine the correlations between anxiety and variables. The findings are as follows ; 1. The birth pain of the mothers delivering first babies scored in a subjective and objective pain scale; 1) There was a significant difference of subjective birth pain at 8~10cm opening of cervix between control group and two test groups. 2) There was no significant difference of objective birth pain as per opening of cervex among three groups in terms of sweating, facial movement, bodily posture and vocal changes. 2. There was no significant difference of trait anxiety among three groups. however, there was a significant difference of state anxiety during labor process between control group and two test groups. On the other hand, all the three groups showed a significantly lower level of anxiety during labor process than when they were carried to the hospital. 3. There was a significant difference of the time of total and first-stage labor among three groups, while there was a significant but small difference of the time elapsed from 8~10cm cervix open to the full among three groups. 4. Two test groups showed a higher frequency of natural deliveries than the control group. 5. Two test groups were subject to these drugs than the control group. In conclusion, it was found that the test group I and II showed a shorter delivery time than the control group, a higher frequency of natural delivery and a lesser use of anodyne or epidural. In particular, this study is significant to develop a nursing intervention service or a therapeutic touch which the nursing administrators can apply to their hospitals in marketing programs.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.364-377
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• 2011

본 연구는 범이론모형에 기반하여 운동행위강화 프로그램을 개발하고 이를 고혈압 노인에게 적용하여 혈압 및 신체활동량에 미치는 효과를 규명하고자 하였다. 연구대상자는 서울시 소재 노인복지관에 내원하며 연구에 참여를 허락한 65세 이상 고혈압 노인 41명으로 실험군 20명, 대조군 21명이었다. 실험군에게는 범이론모형에 기반한 운동행위강화 프로그램을 8주 동안 적용하였다. 연구결과 실험군은 대조군에 비하여 운동행위 변화단계, 전체 변화과정 점수, 행위적 변화과정 점수, 운동 자기효능감, 신체활동량이 유의하게 증가하였으나, 경험적 변화과정 점수, 의사결정균형, 혈압 등은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 운동행위강화 중재는 비활동 고혈압 노인의 운동행위로의 이행과 신체활동량을 증진시키는데 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 본 프로그램이 지역사회에 거주하는 고혈압 노인에게 적용된다면 운동습관을 형성하게 하여 고혈압 합병증을 예방하는데 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2023

뇌손상 환자는 초기 재활 단계에서 가장 흔한 소화장애로 변비가 발생하며 예후에 영향을 미친다. 본 연구의 목적은 경관영양하는 뇌손상 환자의 재활 치료 입원, 전동 직후부터 배변 습관을 사정하고 복부 마사지와 하지 관절 운동을 적용하여 효과를 알아보고자 한다. 연구 설계는 뇌손상 환자에게 배변 간호 중재(복부 마사지와 하지 관절 운동)를 적용하여 그 효과를 알아보기 위한 비 동등성 대조군 시차 연구이다. 연구결과, 배변 횟수는 실험군의 배변 횟수가 통계적으로 유의하게 높았으며 (p=.030), 좌약 사용은 대조군이 실험군보다 사용 횟수가 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다(p=.004). 변비 완화 시점은 실험군은 1.73일, 대조군은 4.61일로 두 군간 변비 완화 시점에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<.001). 뇌손상 환자에게 재활 초기부터 배변을 완화시키고 변비를 예방을 위한 간호 중재는 복부 마사지와 하지관절 운동이 효과적임을 입증하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.1055-1065
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to develop, through the integration of instructional theory, a Courseware and to investigate the effectiveness of a web-based computer assisted instruction(WBI) program for preventing drug abuse, a serious problem for youth problem. During the first stage of this study done "Drug Abuse Prevention" Courseware was developed based on, Gagn & Brigg's instructional design theory, Keller's ARCS theory and the CAI model of Hannafin & Peck. For the second stage, the courseware was used to provide education for students adolescents in drug abuse prevention. This study used an quasi-experimental, one-group pretest-posttest design with a convenience sample of 36 male high school students who were at one high school located in Seoul. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires which included a learning achievement tool, the Keller's IMMS (Instructional Material Motivation Survey), on attitudes to drug use, and on responses to the WBI instruction. Prior to the experiment, the "drug abuse prevention" learning method and the procedures of the study were explained to the students, and then the learning achievement of the subjects was measured as a pretest. The students were then given 2 weeks WBI utilizing the courseware. A post-test which included the pre-test learning achievement questionnaire and a survey of learning motivation and attitudes toward drug were given two weeks after the education was completed. The data analysis was done using SPSS/PC. Paired t-test was used to analyze the differences between the pre-test and post-test scores for learning achievement. The results of the analysis are as follows: There were significant differences in learning achievement between the pre-test and post-test(t=-18.62, p=0.000). The hypothesis, that learning achievement will be higher, after the class has used the courseware, than before was supported. The scores for learning motivation and attitudes toward drugs were also higher than the results of existing studies. In conclusion, this study suggests that WBI is an effective learning method in the prevention of drug abuse for adolescents as it can be used for self-learning and repeated learning as assisted instruction. Recommendation would be given that further research needs to be develped in the courseware by cognitive learning style and by multimedia courseware and virtual reality system.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 1999

The beneficial effect of glucose and phosphate ions in culture medium on the development of human embryos in vitro has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of fertilization and culture of embryos in glucose/phosphate-free m-TALP medium on pregnancy rates in IVF-ET program. The patients in 244 IVF-ET cycles received GnRH agonist + HMG regimens. A does of 10,000 IU HCG was administered when two or more dominent follicles reached 18mm in diameter. Thirty-six hours after HCG, oocytes were recovered transvaginally using ultrasound guidance. Aspirated oocytes were matured for 4 to 6 h in TCM-199 supplemented with 10% follicular fluid (FF). Insemination was carried out with 50,000 motile spermatozoa in TCM-199 + 10% FF or m-TALP + 5% FF + 5% fetal cord serum (FCS) according to experimental design. After 6 h, oocytes were washed 3 to 4 times and cultured in each fresh medium. After 20 h, oocytes were freed from cumulus/corona cells and examined for the presence of pronuclei. Fertilized oocytes were transferred into each co-culture drops and cultured for further incubation. On day 3, embryo transfer was performed with grade 1 and 2 embryos. Monolayers for co-culture of embryos were prepared by plating $1{\times}10^5$ cumulus cells/ml in 10ul drop of TCM-199 + 10% FF or m-TALP + 5% FF + 5% FCS media 24 h prior to the onset of co-culture. Development to 4 to 16 cell stage was observed at 70x magnification following two days of incubation. Pregnancy was confirmed by detecting increasing serum ${\beta}$-hCG concentrations for 11 days following embryo transfer. Data were analyzed by ${\chi}^2$-test. Oocytes from 244 IVF-ET cycles were randomized. The number of cycles and mean age of patients were 97 and 147, 31.3 yrs and 31.2 yrs for TCM-199 (control) and m-TALP groups, respectively. The mean number of retrieved oocytes/cycle, fertilization rates, number of embryos transferred/ET and pregnancy rates were 11.1 and 10.3, 65.1% and 67.3%, 4.1 and 4.7, 28.9% and 43.8% for TCM-199 and m-TALP groups, respectively. Differences in the pregnancy rates were found between control and m-TALP groups (p<0.05). The pregnancy rate of patients divided according to maternal age groups of ${\leq}30$, 31-35, $36{\leq}$ were 44.4% and 49.0%, 26.1% and 41.3%, 29.2% and 41.2% for control and m-TALP groups, respectively. These data indicate that culture of human embryos in glucose/phosphate-free m-TALP medium improves pregnancy rates.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제46권12호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 H.264/AVC 영상 압축 기술에서 영상데이터의 통계적 중복성을 제거하기 위한 CAVLC의 하드웨어 복호기 구조를 제안한다. 기존의 CAVLC 하드웨어 복호기는 4단계에 걸쳐 5가지 코드를 복호한다. 복호과정에서 각 단계 전환시 불필요한 유휴 사이클이 포함되어 복호기의 성능을 저하시키고 또한 가변길이의 코드 복호과정 중 유효비트길이 계산 과정에서도 불필요한 유휴 사이클을 포함한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 유휴 사이클을 효과적으로 제거하기 위한 하드웨어 구조를 제안한다. 첫 번째로 복호된 코드를 저장하는 불필요한 버퍼를 제거하여 파이프라인 구조를 효율적으로 개선하고 두 번째로 유효비트길이를 계산하는 과정에서 연산 및 제어를 단순화하는 쉬프터 구조를 제안한다. 제안된 방법을 적용한 결과 하나의 매크로 블록을 처리하는데 평균적으로 89사이클만을 소모한다. 기존 방식에 비하여 29% 가량 성능이 향상됨을 확인하였다. 제안된 구조를 0.18um CMOS 공정을 적용하여 합성하였을 경우 최대 동작 주파수는 140Mhz이며 게이트 크기는 11.5K이다. 기존 방식에 비해 사이클 수는 적게 소모하면서도 적은 회로 사이즈를 구현하여 저전력 동작이 가능하다.

• 한국정보기술응용학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보기술응용학회 2005년도 6th 2005 International Conference on Computers, Communications and System
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• pp.229-232
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• 2005

In this paper, an image-based "approach-align -grasp" visual servo control design is proposed for the problem of object grasping, which is based on the binocular stand-alone system. The basic idea consists of considering a vision system as a specific sensor dedicated a task and included in a control servo loop, and we perform automatic grasping follows the classical approach of splitting the task into preparation and execution stages. During the execution stage, once the image-based control modeling is established, the control task can be performed automatically. The proposed visual servoing control scheme ensures the convergence of the image-features to desired trajectories by using the Jacobian matrix, which is proved by the Lyapunov stability theory. And we also stress the importance of projective invariant object/gripper alignment. The alignment between two solids in 3-D projective space can be represented with view-invariant, more precisely; it can be easily mapped into an image set-point without any knowledge about the camera parameters. The main feature of this method is that the accuracy associated with the task to be performed is not affected by discrepancies between the Euclidean setups at preparation and at task execution stages. Then according to the projective alignment, the set point can be computed. The robot gripper will move to the desired position with the image-based control law. In this paper we adopt a constant Jacobian online. Such method describe herein integrate vision system, robotics and automatic control to achieve its goal, it overcomes disadvantages of discrepancies between the different Euclidean setups and proposes control law in binocular-stand vision case. The experimental simulation shows that such image-based approach is effective in performing the precise alignment between the robot end-effector and the object.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 H.264/AVC 부호화기의 성능 향상을 위해 고성능 CAVLC 부호화기의 하드웨어 구조를 제안한다. 기존의 CAVLC 부호화기는 변환계수의 재정렬 과정이 포함되어 변환계수를 저장해야 할 버퍼와 버퍼제어를 위한 추가적인 사이클이 필요하므로 하드웨어 면적이 증가하고 불필요한 사이클이 수행된다. 제안한 CAVLC는 CAVLC의 파라미터 중에 Runbefore를 순방향 탐색기법으로 계산하고 그 외 파라미터들은 역방향 탐색기법으로 계산하여 변환계수의 재정렬 과정을 수행하지 않는다. 또한, 제안한 CAVLC 부호화기에 조기 종료 모드를 적용하고 2단 파이프라인 구조를 사용하여 CAVLC의 수행 사이클 수를 감소시켰다. 제안한 CAVLC 부호화기의 하드웨어 구조를 매그나칩 공정 $0.18{\mu}m$ 셀 라이브러리로 합성한 결과, 최대동작 주파수는 125MHz이며 게이트 수는 17k이다. 제안한 CAVLC 부호화기의 하드웨어 구조를 H.264/AVC 표준 참조 소프트웨어 JM13.2에서 추출한 데이터를 이용하여 테스트한 결과, $16{\times}16$ 매크로블록을 처리하는데 평균적으로 36.0사이클이 소요되어 기존의 CAVLC 부호화기보다 성능이 57.8% 향상됨을 확인하였다.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2014

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) are commonly used techniques to evaluate the flow characteristics in the development stage of blood pumps. CFD technique allows rapid change to pump parameters to optimize the pump performance without having to construct a costly prototype model. These techniques are used in the construction of a bi-ventricular assist device (BVAD) which combines the functions of LVAD and RVAD in a compact unit. The BVAD construction consists of two separate chambers with similar impellers, volutes, inlet and output sections. To achieve the required flow characteristics of an average flow rate of 5 l/min and different pressure heads (left - 100mmHg and right - 20mmHg), the impellers were set at different rotating speeds. From the CFD results, a six-blade impeller design was adopted for the development of the BVAD. It was also observed that the fluid can flow smoothly through the pump with minimum shear stress and area of stagnation which are related to haemolysis and thrombosis. Based on the compatible Reynolds number the flow through the model was calculated for the left and the right pumps. As it was not possible to have both the left and right chambers in the experimental model, the left and right pumps were tested separately.