• 제목/요약/키워드: two-phase culture

검색결과 197건 처리시간 0.027초

Growth Temperature-Dependent Conversion of De novo-Synthesized Unsaturated Fatty Acids into Polyhydroxyalkanoic Acid and Membrane Cyclopropane Fatty Acids in the Psychrotrophic Bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens BM07

  • LEE , HO-JOO;RHO, JONG-KOOK;YOON, SUNG-CHUL
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제14권6호
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    • pp.1217-1226
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    • 2004
  • A psychrotrophic bacterial strain, Pseudomonas fluorescens BM07, synthesized unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) from fructose in response to lowering of growth temperature, and incorporated them into both polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (PHA) and membrane lipid. The blocking of PHA synthesis by adding 5 mM 2-bromooctanoic acid to the growth medium, containing 70 mM fructose, was found to be a useful means to profile the composition of membrane lipid by gas chromatography. As the growth temperature changed from 35 to $50^{\circ}C$, the total content of two UFA, 3-hydroxy-cis-5­dodecenoic acid ($C_{12:1}$) and 3-hydroxy-cis-7-tetradecenoic acid ($C_{14:1}$), in PHA increased from 31 to 44 $mol\%$. The growth at lower temperatures also led to an increase in the level of two major UFA, palmitoleic acid (C16:1 cis9) and cis-vaccenic acid (C18:1 cis11), in membrane lipid. A fraction of these membrane-lipid UFA was converted to their corresponding cyclopropane fatty acids (CFA). The CFA conversion was a function of culture time, exhibiting biphasic increase before and after entering the stationary phase. However, pH changes in growth media had no effect on the CFA conversion, which is contrary to the case of E. coli reported. The cells grown at $30^{\circ}C$ responded to a cold shock (lowering the medium temperature down to $10^{\circ}C$) by increasing the level of C16:1 cis9 and C 18: I cis II up to that of $10^{\circ}C$-grown control cells and concomitantly decreasing the relative level of cis-9,10­methylenehexadecanoic acid (the CFA converted from C16:1 cis9) from 14 to 8 $mol\%$, whereas the 10-grown cells exhibited little change in the lipid composition when exposed to a warmer environment of $30^{\circ}C$ for 12 h. Based on this one- way response, we suggest that this psychrotrophic strain responds more efficiently and sensitively to a cold shock than to a hot shock. It is also suggested that BM07 strain is a good producer of two unsaturated 3-hydroxyacids, $C_{12:1}\;and\;C_{141:1}$.

2단계 발효에 의한 고산도 사과식초의 품질특성 (Quality Characteristics of High Acidity Apple Vinegar Manufactured Using Two Stage Fermentation)

  • 성나혜;우승미;권중호;여수환;정용진
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제43권6호
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    • pp.877-883
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구에서는 사과 농축액을 이용하여 일체의 영양원을 첨가하지 않고 알코올 및 초산 발효과정으로 고산도 식초의 제조 조건을 조사하였다. 초기 알코올 함량(6, 7, 8 및 9%)을 달리하여 고산도 초산 발효액의 품질특성을 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 알코올 함량 6% 및 7%에서 적정산도 12%의 고산도 식초 제조가 가능하였으며, 초기 알코올 함량이 낮을수록 유도기가 단축되어 수율이 높은 경향이었다. 상기 고산도 사과식초의 품질특성은 pH 2.91~3.20이고 적정산도 12.0%이며 유기산은 acetic, malic, citric 및 oxalic acid가 검출되었다. 이상의 결과 사과 농축액을 이용하여 알코올 발효 후 2단계 발효과정으로 고산도 사과식초 제조가 가능하였으나 산업적으로 활용하기 위해서는 유가식 첨가에 의한 발효기간 단축에 관한 연구가 요구되었다.

Porphyromonas endodontalis와 Porphyromonas gingivalis의 단백질분해능력에 관한 연구 (COMPARISON OF PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF PORPHYROMONAS ENDODONTALIS AND PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS)

  • 하주희;최호영
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.76-92
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    • 1997
  • Porpilyromonas endodontalis is specifically involved in endodontic infections. The bacterium can be isolated almost exclusively only from infected rool canals. P. gingivalis also has been implicated in endodontic infection. Pathogemcity of P. gingival is is attributed to a variety of virulence factors, especially proteases, produced by the bacterium. Importance of P. endodontalis in endodontic infection has been revealed. However, the pathogenic property of P. endodontalis has not been extensively studied. The present study was undertaken to characterize the proteolytic activity of P. endodontalis and compare the activity with that of P. gingivalis which has the most potent and diverse proteases among oral bacteria. For this purpose, culture supematants(SUP) and cell extracts(CE) were obtained from these two bacteria and were subjected to zymography using 15% polyacrylamide gel copolymerized with gelatin, type I, IV collagens or albumin. Hydrolysis of the collagens was further investigated by the cleavage assay using native type I and IV collagens in solution-phase. The results were as follows: 1. P. endodontalis apparently has a proteolytic activity that is comparable with that of P. gingivalis. 2. SUP and CE obtained from P. endodontalis and P. gingival is showed the strongest activity for gelatin, followed by type I and IV collagens, and albumin. 3. In the zymography, no noticeable difference in proteolytic activity for gelatin and albumin between the SUP and CE was observed, but in the cleavage assay using native collagens, the SUP showed a stronger collagenolytic activity than the CE. 4. The gelatinolytic activity of both the SUP and CE from these two bacteria was diminished in the presence of $CaCl_2$ or reducing agents such as ${\beta}$-mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol(DTT). 5. Type I(calf skin and human placenta) collagenolytic activity of P. endodontalis and P. gingivalis was reduced by DTT but not affected by $CaCl_2$. The inhibitory effect of DTT, however, was reduced to some extent by $CaCl_2$. 6. Type IV collagenolytic activity of these two bacteria was not affected by $CaCl_2$ but increased to some extent in association with the reducing agents. 7. Hydrolysis of albumin by P. endodontalis and P. gingivalis was demonstrated only in the presence of the reducing agents. The overall results indicate that with respect to proteolytic activity, P. endodontalis appears to be as potent as P. gingivalis, or maybe more, and its proteolytic characteristic is similar to that of P. gingivalis. This suggests that P. endodontalis has so potent proteolytic activity that can participate by itself in endodontic infections and apical periodontitis, causing tissue destruction.

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Paenibacillus donghaensis JH8에서 세포외 Xylanase의 특성 (Characterization of Extracellular Xylanase from Paenibacillus donghaensis JH8)

  • 임채성;오용식;노동현
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제47권1호
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    • pp.81-86
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    • 2011
  • Xylanase는 선형복합다당인 ${\beta}$-1,4-xylan을 xylose로 가수분해하는 효소의 한 종류이며, 종이제조공정에 응용되고 미래에 바이오 연료의 생산에 사용 될 수 있다. 동해 심층 퇴적물로부터 신종세균으로 보고된 Paenibacillus donghaensis JH8은 배지중의 xylan을 분해한다고 알려져 있으며, 여기에서는 이 효소의 특성을 조사하였다. 효소는 0.1% xylan 존재에서 최고로 유도되었으며, xylanase의 생산은 초기 대수성장기에 효소를 생산하기 시작하여, 정지기에서 약 55 miliunit에 도달하였다. 세포외성 xylanase의 최적온도와 pH는 각각 $40^{\circ}C$와 pH 6.0이였다. Xylanase의 활성은 $Ca^{2+}$$Mn^{2+}$, $Fe^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, $Al^{3+}$, EDTA의 존재에 의해 억제되었고, $K^+$, $Ag^+$, DTT에 의해 활성화되었다. 이 xylanase는 $40^{\circ}C$에서 120분간 활성을 유지하며 안정하였지만, $60^{\circ}C$에서는 30분에서 거의 모든 활성을 잃어버리는 특성을 보여주었다. 농축된 배양 상등액의 zymography 분석시 42 kDa의 주 밴드와 68과 120 kDa에 두 개의 아주 희미한 밴드를 나타내었다.

21세기 국제정보질서의 새로운 패러다임?: 정보사회 세계정상회의(WSIS)의 역사적 맥락과 의제 검토 (Is this New Paradigm to International Information Order in 21th Century?: The Review of Historical Context and Agenda of World Summit on the Information Society)

  • 김은규
    • 한국언론정보학보
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    • 제34권
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    • pp.34-62
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    • 2006
  • 21세기 정보사회의 지구적 거버넌스를 구축하고자 했던 '정보사회 세계정상회의(WSIS)'가 2003년 제노바에서, 2005년 튀니스에서 개최됐다. WSIS는 세계 각 나라의 정부를 비롯해, 민간영역, 시민사회, 국제기구들이 한 자리에 모여 '지구적 정보사회(global information society)'를 위한 국제질서를 수립하고자 하는 시도였다는 점에서 의미를 갖는다. 이에 본 연구는 WSIS가 제시하는 정보사회와 정보질서의 패러다임을 살펴보고 있다. 이를 위해, WSIS의 역사적, 국제질서적 맥락을 살펴보고 있으며, 나아가 WSIS가 제시한 의제들을 검토하고 있다. 그 결과, WSIS가 새로운 지구적 거버넌스 구축을 국제사회의 모든 이해당사자들의 조율 속에서 진행했다는 점, 그리고 이러한 과정에서 개발도상국들의 이해를 점진적으로 반영했다는 점에서 긍정적으로 평가된다. 또한, 정보질서를 위한 국제사회의 중재자로 국제전기통신연맹(ITU)의 역할이 부각되었다는 점 역시 주목할 부분이다. 하지만, 정보통신기술(ICT)을 주요 수단으로 삼아 인간중심의 포괄적인 정보사회의 비전을 제시하고자 했던 WSIS의 논의는 자칫 장미빛 미래와 과도한 기술결정론에 치우칠 우려를 보여준다. 나아가, 본 논문은 WSIS 논의가 신자유주의적 질서에 입각해 있는 현재의 정치경제학적 맥락의 결여로 인해 논의의 결과인 핵심원칙들과 행동계획을 흐리게 할 수 있음을 지적한다.

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PHA-Induced Peripheral Blood Cytogenetics and Molecular Anslysis : a Valid Diagnostic and Follow-up Modality For Acute Primyelocytic Leukemia Patients Treated With ATRA and/or Arsenic Tri-oxide

  • Baba, Shahid M;Azad, Niyaz A;Shah, Zaffar A;Afroze, Dil;Pandith, Arshad A;Jan, Aleem;Aziz, Sheikh A;Dar, Fayaz A
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.1999-2006
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    • 2016
  • Background: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML) is characterized by the reciprocal translocation t(15;17) (p22;p12) resulting in the PML-$RAR{\alpha}$ fusion gene. A dual diagnostic and follow up approach was applied including cytogenetic demonstration of the t(15;17) translocation and detection dg PML-$RAR{\alpha}$ chimeric transcripts by molecular means. Purpose: Conventional cytogenetics involving bone marrow is beset with high probability of poor metaphase index and was substituted with phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced peripheral blood culture based cytogenetic analysis as a diagnostic & follow up modality in APML patients of Kashmir (North India). Both qualitative (RT-PCR) and quantitative (Q-PCR) tests were simultaneously carried out to authenticte the modified cytogenetics. Materials and Method: Patient samples were subjected to the said techniques to establish their baseline as well as follow-up status. Results: Initial cytogenetics revealed 30 patients (81%) Positive for t(15;17) whereas 7 (19%) had either cryptic translocation or were negative for t(15;17). Two cases had chromosome 16q deletion and no hallmark translocation t(15;17). Q-PCR status for PML-$RAR{\alpha}$ was found to be positive for all patients. All the APML patients were reassessed at the end of consolidation phase and during maintenance phase of chemotherapy where 6 patients had molecular relapse, wherein 4 also demonstrated cytogenetic relapse. Conclusions: It was found that PHA-induced peripheral blood cytogenetics along with molecular analysis could prove a reliable modality in the diagnosis and assessment of follow up response of APML patients.

Gut Microbial Metabolites Induce Changes in Circadian Oscillation of Clock Gene Expression in the Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts

  • Ku, Kyojin;Park, Inah;Kim, Doyeon;Kim, Jeongah;Jang, Sangwon;Choi, Mijung;Choe, Han Kyoung;Kim, Kyungjin
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제43권3호
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    • pp.276-285
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    • 2020
  • Circadian rhythm is an endogenous oscillation of about 24-h period in many physiological processes and behaviors. This daily oscillation is maintained by the molecular clock machinery with transcriptional-translational feedback loops mediated by clock genes including Period2 (Per2) and Bmal1. Recently, it was revealed that gut microbiome exerts a significant impact on the circadian physiology and behavior of its host; however, the mechanism through which it regulates the molecular clock has remained elusive. 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (4-OH-PPA) and 3-phenylpropionic acid (PPA) are major metabolites exclusively produced by Clostridium sporogenes and may function as unique chemical messengers communicating with its host. In the present study, we examined if two C. sporogenes-derived metabolites can modulate the oscillation of mammalian molecular clock. Interestingly, 4-OH-PPA and PPA increased the amplitude of both PER2 and Bmal1 oscillation in a dose-dependent manner following their administration immediately after the nadir or the peak of their rhythm. The phase of PER2 oscillation responded differently depending on the mode of administration of the metabolites. In addition, using an organotypic slice culture ex vivo, treatment with 4-OH-PPA increased the amplitude and lengthened the period of PER2 oscillation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and other tissues. In summary, two C. sporogenes-derived metabolites are involved in the regulation of circadian oscillation of Per2 and Bmal1 clock genes in the host's peripheral and central clock machineries.

한식첨가식(添加食)이 고지방식(高脂肪食)을 급여한 흰쥐의 내장지방과 혈청 지질농도에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Freeze-Dried Korean-Style Dishes on Visceral Fats and Serum Lipid Concentrations in Rats Fed with High Fat Diet)

  • 홍상필;한찬규;이민아;양지나;신동범
    • 한국식생활문화학회지
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    • 제23권1호
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    • pp.90-96
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    • 2008
  • 본 연구에서는 한식의 해외 현지화를 목표로 take-out형 franchise system 개발을 위한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 한국적인 특성을 나타내면서 미국인들에게 선호도가 높았던 4 개의 품목을 선정하여 한국식단의 영양적인 우수성을 확인 하고자 실시하였다. 실험기간은 총 9주로서 전반기 5주(실험 1期)는 모두 고지방식을 급여하였고, 후반기 4주(실험 2 期)는 동결건조된 한식(제육볶음, 김치볶음, 두부조림, 나물 무침)을 첨가한 실험식이를 급여하였다. 대조군은 실험 전 기간 동안 고지방식만 급여하였다. 실험종료시 체중은 실험 군간에 유의적인 차이가 없었고, 실험기간 동안 일당 증체 량과 식이효율도 차이가 없었다. 장기무게는 대조군(A)이 한식식이군(B~E)에 비해 낮은 경향이었다. 체지방의 축적 지표로서 내장지방량(RFP, EFP)은 대조군(A)보다 김치볶음군(C)과 두부조림군(D)이 20% 감소하였다. 고지방식을 급여한 후 한식첨가식이를 4주 동안 급여후 혈청 지질 중 TC농도는 나물무침군이 94.13 mg/dL로 실험군중 통계적 으로 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). TG농도는 실험군간에 통계 적인 차이가 없었다. 고밀도지단백-콜레스테롤(HDLC) 농 도는 제육볶음군(20.38 mg/dL)이 두부조림군(17.25 mg/ dL) 보다 유의하게 높았고(p<0.05), 김치볶음군과 나물무침군은 차이가 없었다. 저밀도지단백-콜레스테롤(LDLC) 농도는 두부조림군이 가장 높았던 반면 나물무침군이 통계적으로 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과에서 김치볶음과 두부조림 및 나물무침은 한국적인 특성과 건강기능성을 갖는 한식품목으로서 향후 이들 품목과 제육볶음을 적정하게 응용하여 미국인의 입맛에 맞는 take-out형 음식이 개발된다면 미국인들에게 한식의 영양적인 우수성과 인지도를 높여 널리 보급할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Dermatophytosis of the Four-toed Hedgehog Caused by Trichophyton erinacei

  • Yoon, Ji-Seon;Lee, Jong-Hyun;Yu, Do-Hyeon;Li, Ying-Hua;Lee, Mi-Jin;Iwasaki, T.;Park, Jin-Ho
    • 한국임상수의학회지
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    • 제25권3호
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    • pp.207-210
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    • 2008
  • Trichophyton erinacei is a dermatophyte pathogen that infects both humans and hedgehogs. A two-month old female four-toed hedgehog presented to the Chonbuk Animal Medical Center with pruritus, excoriation and crust on her face for ten days. The owner of the hedgehog also exhibited the clinical signs of scaly erythema with fine vesicles on her neck. A presumptive diagnosis of dermatophytosis was made based on the results of an acetate tape preparation in which hyphae and chains of arthroconidia were observed. The crusts from the lesions were then cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar for identification. After 10 days of incubation, downy colored colonies that had a central umbo with a white granular surface and a yellow pigment ring in the reverse were observed. Microscopic analysis revealed the presence of numerous teardrop shaped microconidia singly attached to the sides of the hyphae. In addition, 2-6 roomed macroconidia that were somewhat irregular in shape and size were present, and abundant intermediate sized spores were observed between the micro and macro conidia. To confirm that the culture was T. erinacei, the internal transcribed spacer region of the 5.8S phase of the ribosomal RNA gene (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA) was amplified by PCR and then sequenced. A 679-base pair fragment of DNA was then compared with sequences in GenBank and found to be 99% homologous with sequences of T. erinacei (Z97997 and Z97996. The clinical signs were resolved after four weeks of treatment with oral and topical ketoconazole and chlorhexidine. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first case of T. erinacei isolated from a four-toed hedgehog in Korea.

유기용매와 이온성액체를 이용한 바이오 부탄올 추출발효 용매 선정 평가 (Evaluation of Extractants for Bio-butanol Extraction Fermentation Using Organic Solvents and Ionic Liquids)

  • 조민옥;이선미;상병인;엄영순
    • KSBB Journal
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    • 제24권5호
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    • pp.446-452
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    • 2009
  • 본 연구에선 바이오부탄올 생산을 위한 추출발효에 적용하고자 부탄올 추출에 효율적이고 미생물에 독성을 주지 않는 적합한 추출용매를 선정하고자 하였다. 추출 용매를 선정하기 위하여 부틸 부틸레이트, oleyl alcohol, 친환경 용매인 소수성 이온성 액체 2 종류를 이용하여 분배계수를 구한 결과, 부틸 부틸레이트와 oleyl alcohol이 높은 부탄올 분배계수를 나타내었고 부탄올 농도 1-20 g/L와 pH 4-5.5 범위에서 80% 이상의 우수하고 안정적인 추출효율을 나타내었다. 미생물에 독성이 없는 oleyl alcohol를 사용한 회분식 추출발효에서는 추출을 하지 않은 회분식 배양보다 11% 향상된 부탄올 생산을 보였다 (11.2 g/L vs. 12.4 g/L). 이는 배양액 내의 부탄올이 추출되어 배양액내의 부탄올 농도가 낮게 유지됨으로써 부탄올 독성 영향이 감소되었고, 이로 인해 향상된 부탄올 생산이 이루어진 것으로 판단된다. Oleyl alcohol:부틸부티레이트 부피비를 9:1로 혼합한 용매를 사용했을 경우는 미생물 생장에는 저해 영향이 미미했으나 부탄올 생산은 추출발효를 하지 않은 회분식 배양에 비해 60%에 그쳤다. 부틸부티레이트를 20% 이상 미생물 생장에 심각한 저해를 주는 것으로 관찰되어졌다. 본 연구를 통해, 실험에 사용된 4가지 추출 용매 중에서 oleyl alcohol이 미생물에게 독성영향을 끼치지 않으면서 부탄올 추출을 효율적으로 할 수 있음을 알 수 있었고, oleyl alcohol을 바이오 부탄올 연속 추출발효에 적용한다면 향상된 부탄올 생산성을 얻을 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.