• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.151-163
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• 1997

This paper deals with a reference model for a process-oriented parts supply company From the view point of SCM(Supply Chain Management), the model focuses on the integration of order management and manufacturing information. The model, considering the characteristics of manufacturing processes, separates the execution level from the planning level, and then introduces a virtual process to efficiently link the two levels. The model is operated to maximize its flexibility by the separation of planning and execution. A case study shows that our model significantly increases the productivity of the company.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.117-127
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• 2011

In the Multi-Echelon maintenance environment, METRIC(Multi-Echelon Technique for Repairable Item Control) has been used in several different inventory level selection models, such as MOD-METRIC, Vari-METRIC, and Dyna- ETRIC. While this model's logic is easy to be implemented, a critical assumption of infinite maintenance capacity would deteriorate actual values, especially Expected Back Order(EBO)s for each item. To improve the accuracy of EBO, we develop two models using simulation and queueing theory that calculates EBO considering finite capacity. The result of our numerical example shows that the expected backorder from our model is much closer to the true value than the one from Vari-METRIC. The queueing model is preferable to the simulation model regarding the computational time.

• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.151-174
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• 2004

A historical investigation reveals that English preposition with underwent a change from OPPOSITION to ASSOCIATION and further to ACCOMPANIMENT, where the first stage shows peculiarity in that the two concepts involved comprise an unusual set to form an extensional chain. Intrigued by this oddity, this paper aims to investigate the semantic structure of English preposition with from a grammaticalization perspective. We review mechanisms and models of semantic change and evaluate their adequacy with the semantic structure and change shown by with. Drawing upon the observed fact that with underwent the apparent antonymic semantic change, it is argued that such semantic change mechanisms as metaphor, metonymy, subjectification, and generalization have difficulties explaining the change, and that only the Frame-of-Focus Variation can effectively account for this peculiar change type. In terms of semantic change models, we argue that the Bleaching Model cannot effectively provide an explanation; that the Loss and Gain Model has problems in explaining the motivation of change directions; that the Metonymic-Metaphoric Model cannot be assessed at the current level of investigation; and that the Overlap Model and the Prototype Extension Model excellently account for the macro-level changes.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.273-283
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• 1999

Two physical experiments are performed to verify the effectiveness of beam-particle model for simulating the progressive failure of particulate composites such as sandstone and concrete. In the numerical model, the material is schematized at the meso-level as an assembly of discrete, interacting particles which are linked through a network of brittle breaking beams. The uniaxial compressive tests of cubic and parallelepipedal specimens made of carbon steel rod assembly which are glued together by a mixture are represented. The crack patterns and load-displacement response observed in the experiments are in good agreement with the numerical results. In the application respect of beam-particle model to the particulate composites, the influence of defects, particle arrangement and boundary conditions on crack propagation is approached, and the correlation existing between the cracking evolution and the level of loads imposed on the specimen is characterized by fractal dimensions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.268-268
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• 2021

Groundwater resource is mostly used in Abomey-calavi (southern region of Benin) as main source of water for domestic, industrial, and agricultural activities. Groundwater intake across the region is not perfectly controlled by a network due to the presence of many private boreholes and traditional wells used by the population. After some decades, this important resource is becoming more and more vulnerable and needs more attention. For a better groundwater management in the region of Abomey-calavi, the present study attempts to predict a future probable groundwater drought using Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) for future groundwater level prediction. The RNN model was created in python using jupyter library. Six years monthly groundwater level data was used for the model calibration, two years data for the model test and the model was finaly used to predict two years future groundwater level (years 2020 and 2021). GRI was calculated for 9 wells across the area from 2012 to 2021. The GRI value in dry season (by the end of March) showed groundwater drought for the first time during the study period in 2014 as severe and moderate; from 2015 to 2021 it shows only moderate drought. The rainy season in years 2020 and 2021 is relatively wet and near normal. GRI showed no drought in rainy season during the study period but an important diminution of groundwater level between 2012 and 2021. The Pearson's correlation coefficient calculated between GRI and rainfall from 2005 to 2020 (using only three wells with times series long period data) proved that the groundwater drought mostly observed in dry season is not mainly caused by rainfall scarcity (correlation values between -0.113 and -0.083), but this could be the consequence of an overexploitation of the resource which caused the important spatial and temporal diminution observed from 2012 to 2021.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.901-911
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose a construction technique of two-level composite gradient map to automatically track a face with large movement in successive frames. Our method is composed of three main steps. First, the gradient maps with two-level resolution are generated for fast convergence of active contour. Second, to recognize the variations of face between successive frames and remove the neighbor background, weighted composite gradient map is generated by combining the composite gradient map and difference mask of previous and current frames. Third, to prevent active contour from converging local minima, the energy slope is generated by using closing operation. In addition, the fast closing operation is proposed to accelerate the processing time of closing operation. For performance evaluation, we compare our method with previous active contour model-based face tracking methods using a visual inspection, robustness test and processing time. Experimental results show that our method can effectively track the face with large movement and robustly converge to the optimal position even in frames with complicated background.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.173-173
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• 2015

The flood water level in tidal river is determined by the joint effects of flood discharge and tidal water levels at downstream boundary. Due to the variable tidal boundary conditions, the evaluated design water levels associated with a certain flood event can be significantly different. To avoid determining of design water levels just by a certain tidal boundary condition and remove the influence of variability in boundary condition from the evaluation of design water levels, a probabilistic approach is considered in this study. This study focuses on the development of a method to evaluate the realistic design water levels in tidal river with taking into account the combined effects of river discharge and tidal level. The flood water levels are described by the joint probability of two driving forces, river discharge and tidal water levels. The developed method is applied to determine design water levels for the tidal reach of the Han River. An unsteady flow model is used to simulate the flow in the reach. To determine design water levels associated with a certain flood event, first, possible boundary conditions are obtained by sampling starting times of tidal level time series; then for each tidal boundary condition, corresponding peak water levels along the channel are computed; and finally, design water levels are determined by computing the expectations of the peak water levels. Two types of tides which are composed by different constituents are assumed (one is composed by $M_2$, and the other one is composed by $M_2$ and $M_2$) at downstream boundary, and two flood events with different maximum flood discharges are considered in this study. It is found that (a) the computed design water levels with two assumed tides have no significant difference for a certain flood event, though variability of peak water levels due to the tidal effect is considerably different; (b) tidal effect can reach to the Jamsil submerged weir and the effect is obvious in the downstream reach of the Singok submerged weir; (c) in the tidally affected reach, the variability of peak water levels due to the tidal effect is greater if the maximum flood discharge is smaller.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.45-50
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• 2016

Purpose - This study aimed to develop a new practical and universally applicable service quality model by improving the service quality measurement model proposed by many previous studies. Research design, data, and methodology - An in-depth analysis on what influences such service quality model had on the improvement effect of service quality, and Service Evaluation Model("SEM"), which was revised from the existing service quality measurement model, was developed. The model is divided into the two integrative categories: First, activity, that is the group of service-related activities. Next is item, the group of service-related objects. The level of service is evaluated for each category via survey questionnaire on service level evaluation. Based on the model, SEM has visibility by structuring the whole service industry. Results - For the application of the new service quality model, this study attempted to examine the appropriateness of the newly proposed service quality model by applying it to retail service field. Conclusions - As a result, the proposed service model would be a useful and applicable service quality measurement model required by many organizations. Service company can set up self check service levels. Through these results, they can look for the ways to provide better services to customers. Service users can ensure the objectivity of business plan based upon SEM.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.293-300
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• 2012

When Binomial data are obtained, logit and logit mixed models are commonly used for small area estimation. Those models are known to have good statistical properties through the use of unit level information; however, data should be obtained as area level in order to use area level information such as spatial correlation or auto-correlation. In this research, we suggested a new small area estimator obtained through the combination of unit level information with area level information.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.244-258
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• 2006

Previous studies from marketing domain suggest that the concept of involvement plays an important role in explaining consumers' purchase behavior. Despite its critical role and the explosive growth of e-commerce, there has been little research examining the role of involvement in Internet shopping mall context. With this motivation, this study has two research objectives. First, it introduces and tests a theoretical model in order to better explain consumers' intention to purchase in Internet shopping malt context. The proposed model extends and integrates existing models on purchase intention by incorporating purchase experience, innovativeness, and perceived self-control as consumer factors and perceived risk, information provision, and perceived price as Internet shopping mall factors. Second, this study attempts to shed some lights on how involvement differences may affect consumers' intention to purchase. For this purpose, two factors from involvement theory, involvement type and involvement level, are introduced as moderating factors into the research model. The empirical results partly support the proposed model and identify the moderating effect of involvement differences. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed along with its limitations.