• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2006년도 추계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.155-158
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• 2006

In the present paper, the scale effects of two-dimensional airfoil and three-dimensional wind turbine were investigated by using FLUENT software. For two dimensional analysis, flow around S809 airfoil with various Reynolds No. and Mach No. conditions were simulated. For three dimensional analysis, scaled NREL Phase VI wind turbine models from 6% to 1,600% were simulated under the same tip speed ratio condition. Finally, aerodynamic comparisons between two-dimensional flow and three dimensional wind turbine flow are made for the feasibility study of scale effect corrections. Currently, KARI(Korea Aerospace Research Institute) is preparing for the wind tunnel test of 12% NREL Phase VI wind turbine and the performance analysis of the scaled NREL wind turbine model will be validated by the wind tunnel test.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가시화정보학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1-4
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• 2004

The PIV measurements are performed to get the quantitative flow visualization around a road vehicle. The model scaled with 1/48 is located in the middle test section of the closed-loop water tunnel and the measuring system consists of CCD camera, diode laser, synchronizer, and computer. The experimental data are obtained at two Reynolds numbers of 50,000 and 100,000 based on the model length. The quasi-three-dimensional isovorticity surfaces, based on two-dimensional velocity field data, are generated. There is little difference between the results in part of the recirculation region and the vorticity contour according to the Reynolds number. Also a little bit complicated three dimensional flows are predicted behind the road vehicle.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.201-206
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• 2005

Fretting, which is a special type of wear, is defined as small amplitude relative motion along the contacting interface between two materials. The structural integrity of steam generators in nuclear power plants is very much dependent upon the fretting wear characteristics of Inconel 690 U-tubes. In this study, a finite element model that can simulate fretting wear on the secondary side of the steam generator was developed and used for a quantitative investigation of the fretting wear phenomenon. Finite element modeling of elastic contact wear problems was performed to demonstrate the feasibility of applying the finite element method to fretting wear problems. The elastic beam problem, with existing solutions, is treated as a numerical example. By introducing a control parameter s, which scaled up the wear constant and scaled down the cycle numbers, the algorithm was shown to greatly reduce the time required for the analysis. The work rate model was adopted in the wear model. In the three-dimensional finite element analysis, a quarterly symmetric model was used to simulate cross tubes contacting at right angles. The wear constant of Inconel 690 in the work rate model was taken as $K=26.7{\times}10^{-15}\;Pa^{-1}$ from experimental data obtained using a fretting wear test rig with a piezoelectric actuator. The analyses revealed donut-shaped wear along the contacting boundary, which is a typical feature of fretting wear.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2006

본 연구는 현재의 강도로교가 대규모화, 장지간화 되어가는 경향에 비추어 사용이 증대될 것으로 기대되는 강바닥판교에서 기존에 발생하는 문제를 최소화하여 최적의 강바닥판 시스템을 개발하기 위한 연구의 일부분으로 수행되었다. 이를 위하여 국내외의 여러 가지 종리브 횡리브 연결 상세 중, 유한 요소 해석 결과를 분석하여 국내의 강도로교 상세부 설계지침 상에서 제시하고 있는 폐단면 종리브 표준형태와 유럽에서 널리 사용되고 있는 토끼형(rabbit type) 상세를 대상으로 개선 상세가 적용된 3차원 실물 모형체를 제작하여 정적 및 일정 진폭 피로 실험을 수행하였다. 강바닥판 시스템에서 흔히 나타나는 스켈럽 하부 곡률부에서의 균열이 전혀 발생하지 않은 것으로 보아 내부 다이아프램의 효과가 충분히 검증되었다. 또한 국내형 상세와 유럽형 상세의 경우 피로강도 측면에서는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나 용접 끝단의 마무리가 피로강도에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 스캘럽의 형상, 내부 다이아프램 설치 및 완전 용입 용접 등의 효과는 피로강도를 부분적으로 향상시켰지만, 피로강도를 더욱 향상시키기 위해서는 용접의 품질 관리 방안이 강구되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. 실험에서 얻어진 결과는 실제 강바닥 설계를 위한 최적의 상세에 적용시키고자 하였다.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.65-77
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• 2005

최근 도심지 고층 구조물의 수가 증가하면서 수명이 오래된 구조물에 대한 재건축 수요가 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 기존 구조물을 철거하는 방법에는 기계식 해체 공법과 발파 해체공법이 있으나 10여층 이상의 고층건물일 경우 발파해체공법을 사용하는 겅이 경제적으로 유리한 것으로 알려져 있다. 발파해체공법을 사용할 경우, 발파에 앞서 미리 그 붕괴거동을 예측하는 일은 안전한 발파를 위해서 뿐만 아니라 발파해체의 실패를 방지하기 위해서 필수적으로 요구된다. 과거의 연구에서 이차원 입자결합모델을 사용하여 구조물 해체과정을 모사한 사례가 있었지만, 실제 발파붕괴 거동을 적절히 모사하는 데는 많은 제약이 있었다. 본 연구에서는 개별요소법을 기반으로 입자결합모델을 사용한 상용 프로그램인 PFC3D를 사용하여 구조물의 3차원 해체발파를 모사하였다. 삼차원 해석에서는 해석 시간이 오래 걸리는 단점으로 인하여 현실에 가까운 모사를 완성할 수 없었지만 몇 가지 입력변수를 바꾸어가며 그들의 효과를 관찰하였다. 보다 현실에 가까운 결과를 얻기 위해서는 입력변수의 설정과 부재 특성의 모사에 보다 많은 노력이 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2020

Recently, turbines operating in hydro power plants are required to undergo renovation and modernization due to their age exceeding 30 years. In the process of renovation or modernization, a performance test of the scaled-down model is necessary to verify the performance of the real-size model. This model test method, with criteria that is similar to that of a real turbine, is the most economical and important method. Furthermore, the shapes of the runner and guide vane can be modified or replaced easily. However, during the process of modernization, the components with the spiral casing and draft tube are impossible to repair or replace because of the buried ground. Thus, in this study, numerical analysis is conducted to investigate the hydraulic performance based on the difference between the two-dimensional computer-aided design (CAD) shape and the real three-dimensional scan shape of the spiral casing and draft tube.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.111-127
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• 2013

This paper describes effects of infill walls on behavior of RC frame with low strength, including numerical modeling, modal testing and finite-element model updating. For this purpose full scaled, one bay and one story RC frame is produced and tested for plane and brick in-filled conditions. Ambient-vibration testis applied to identify dynamic characteristics under natural excitations. Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition and Stochastic Subspace Identification methods are used to obtain experimental dynamic characteristics. A numerical modal analysis is performed on the developed two-dimensional finite element model of the frames using SAP2000 software to provide numerical frequencies and mode shapes. Dynamic characteristics obtained by numerical and experimental are compared with each other and finite element model of the frames are updated by changing some uncertain modeling parameters such as material properties and boundary conditions to reduce the differences between the results. At the end of the study, maximum differences in the natural frequencies are reduced on average from 34% to 9% and a good agreement is found between numerical and experimental dynamic characteristics after finite-element model updating. In addition, it is seen material properties are more effective parameters in the finite element model updating of plane frame. However, for brick in-filled frame changes in boundary conditions determine the model updating process.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.54-62
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• 2007

The present paper describes the scale effect correction methods for scaled NREL Phase VI wind turbines by using CFD[computational fluid dynamics). For the corrections of wind turbine scale effect, various researches on the helicopter rotor scale effect were investigated and the feasibility study of the methods was performed to correct wind turbine scale effect. The present paper also introduces scale effect correction methods based on two dimensional lift slope. In order to test the present method, performance analyses of NREL Phase VI wind turbines under various scale conditions were carried out and new correction method was applied. Granting that the new correction method is valid only above Reynolds No. 100,000, it showed reasonable agreement between model and full scale wind turbines in the linear torque region.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.571-586
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• 2014

This paper presents experimental and numerical study on seismic performance of a super tall steel tower structure. The steel tower, with a height of 388 meters, employs a steel space truss with spiral steel columns to serve as its main lateral load resisting system. Moreover, this space truss was surrounded by the spiral steel columns to form a steel mega system in order to support a 12-story platform building which is located from the height of 230 meters to 263 meters. A 1/40 scaled model for this tower structure was made and tested on shake table under a series of one- and two-dimensional earthquake excitations with gradually increasing acceleration amplitudes. The test model performed elastically up to the seismic excitations representing the earthquakes with a return period of 475 years, and the test model also survived with limited damages under the seismic excitations representing the earthquakes with a return period 2475 years. A finite element model for the prototype structure was further developed and verified. It was noted that the model predictions on dynamic properties and displacement responses agreed reasonably well with test results. The maximum inter-story drift of the tower structure was obtained, and the stress in the steel members was investigated. Results indicated that larger displacement responses were observed for the section from the height of 50 meters to 100 meters in the tower structure. For structural design, applicable measures should be adopted to increase the stiffness and ductility for this section in order to avoid excessive deformations, and to improve the serviceability of the prototype structure.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.175-188
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• 2009

도심지 등 지역적인 여전에 의하여 기존의 지하 공동 또는 터널에 근접하여 발파를 이용한 새로운 터널을 굴착할 경우, 새로운 터널의 굴착으로 인하여 지반이 이완되고 따라서 기존 지하 공동의 안정성에 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 이러한 가존 지하 공동의 안정성에 문제를 발생시킬 수 있는 가장 큰 요소로는 기존 지하 공동과 신설 터널의 이격거리가 될 수 또한 신설 터널 굴착으로 인한 소성영역의 발생에 따른 지반 이완을 문제 심을 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존 광역 상수관과 신설 터널의 이격거리에 따른 기존 광역 상수관의 안정성을 평가하기 위하여 이격거라가 다른 여섯 가지 모델에 대해 석고를 이용힌 2차원 축소 모형실험을 실시하였다. 실험 결과는 터널 굴착과정과 파괴 단계에서 발생된 변위 벡터와 균열양상으로 표현하였다. 터널 굴착과정 중 발생하는 변위를 분석하면, 터널과 광역 상수관의 간격이 상수관 직경의 2.5배 (2.5D)까지는 이격거리가 증가함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보인다. 그러나 중심 간격이 2.5D를 넘으면 추가변위는 발생하지 않았다.