• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.603-613
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• 1995

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate on the biodegradability, biocompatibility and tissue regenerative capacity of synthetic bioabsorbable membranes in beagle dogs. For animal study, 9 adult beagle dogs were used to examination, on the surgical implantation of membranes and histological analysis. In each animal, the 3rd and 4th premolars of the both sides of the mandible were selected as test teeth. Two types of bioresorbable membranes including "Guidor membrane", "S-membranes" were used to examining for biological activity, and also Gore-tex membranes was used for positive control. Surgically created defects were made in 2 premolars of both sides of the mandible at $3{\times}4mm^2$ in size and tested membranes were implanted in the defected area. A plaque control regimen was instituted with daily tooth brushing with a 0.1% chlorhexidine digluconate during experimental periods. All the experimental animals were sacrificed after 2, 4, and 8 weeks from surgery and undecalcified slides were prepared using the "sawing and grinding" technique described by Donath and Breuner". In biodegradability, all the membranes were started their biodegradation from two weeks after implantation and gradually demolished of their frame morphology from eight weeks. However, demolition of membranes in 8 weeks after implantation was highest in Guidor membranes and followed by S-membranes. Biocompatibilityof two kinds of biodegradable membranes including Guidor and S-mambrane were shown to be well tolerated to the surrounding tissue, and were minimal accumulation of inflammatory cell infiltration around the implanted membranes to compare with Gore-tex membrane. Regeneration of defected alveolar bone was initiated from two weeks of membrane implantation and new bone formation was gradually increased from that time. However, pattern of new bone formation on the defected areas of two kinds of biodegrable membranes was almost similar and quite competitive comparing with Gore-tex membrane. These results implicate that bioresorbable membranes should be highly useful tool for guided tissue regeneration of periodontal defects.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.111-121
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• 2015

Objective : The aim of this study is to assess the effect of Korean Herbal Cosmetic on quality of life (QoL) of Korean Herbal Cosmetics Using Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) stratified by blind versus non-blinded option.Methods : Forty five healthy females aged 30's to 40's were recruited for this study. Volunteers were divided into two groups : Group A (n=22) was provided an anti-aging cream with ginseng extract in the original packaging including the brand name and logo. Group B (n=23) were provided same cream in a plain white normal jar without any package decoration or logo.Results : All females except two volunteers in group A completed a DLQI questionnaire, baseline, after 4 weeks and 8 weeks of treatment. The baseline of DLQI scores of all groups was 3.23±2.72. There was a significant difference in DLQI scores between before, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after in both groups ; The scores changed from 4.25±3.45 to 0.95±1.15 at 4 weeks, 1.00±1.72 at 8 weeks in group A, The scores of group B changed from 2.35±1.47 to 0.83±1.23 at 4 weeks, 0.65±0.98 at 8 weeks. But both had no interaction effect between follow up times and groups. Subscale DLQI scores improved after 4weeks were 'Symptoms and feelings', only in group BConclusions : Both groups showed significant improvements in QoL quality scores evaluated by DLQI. However, interaction was not observed for whether the participants knew the brand and content of the cream.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.19-35
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• 2009

Objectives : This experimental study was designed to investigate the effect of KangwhalSokdan-tang(Jianghuoxuduan-tang) on the muscle regeneration of atrophied rat muscle by hindlimb suspension. Materials and methods : In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 250g were subjected to hindlimb suspension and divided into total four groups: Normal group(n=6), Control group(n=6), Hindlimb non-treatment group(n=6), Hindlimb treatment group(n=6). Experiments were seperately tried two times. The first trial was studied by the following two groups; The first was normal group(n=6). The second was group(n=18) for hindlimb suspension during 2 weeks (control I group). The second trial after 2 weeks hindlimb suspension was studied by the following three groups; The third group(n=6) was expired immediately after 2 weeks hindlimb suspension. The forth group(n=6) was given free activity during 2 weeks after 2 weeks hindlimb suspension. The fifth group(n=6) was administrated of KST during 2 weeks after 2 weeks hindlimb suspension. In order to investigate degree of muscle atrophy, body weight and gastrocnemius muscle mass were compared. To analyze muscle regeneration factors(expression of IGF-1, Myogenin, MyoD), Western blot was used. Results : The results were analyzed by statistical process as follows, 1. In body weight, all hindlimb suspension groups were lower than normal group, but tendency of increase was shown in KST group compared to non-treatment group after 2 weeks hindlimb suspension. 2. In gastrocnemius muscle mass, KST group on both side was significantly higher than non-treatment group after 2 weeks hindlimb suspension. 3. In case of IGF-I, Type I of KST group was significantly increased than non-treatment group, but Type II was not shown significance. 4. There was no significantly difference in Myogenin. 5. In MyoD, Type I of KST group was significantly increased than control group, and Type II of KST group was significantly increased than non-treatment group. Conclusions : In summary, this study demonstrates that KST administration has an effect to prevent muscle atrophy and contribute muscle regeneration and proliferation. And also it is suggested that IGF-I and MyoD is major factors of myogenesis expression to KST adminstration after hindlimb suspension.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.209-218
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• 1991

An experiment was conducted to examine the efficacy of spray vaccination against Newcastle disease (ND). Four different coarse sprayers and four different diluents were compared in particle size, immune response and respiratory reaction. The smaller particle size of sprayer was, the better efficacy was and the more respiratory reactions were appeared. Of four diluents, antibody responses and resistance to challenge were higher with skim milk and gelatin, respectively .When day-old broiler chicks with maternal antibodies were vaccinated by coarse. sprayer B with B$_1$strain diluted in 1% skim milk, they showed 100% protection at two weeks of age and 50% from 4 to 8 weeks of age. Another group which boostered at 2 weeks of age by drinking water vaccination showed 100%, 70%, 50%, 40% protection at 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks of age, respectively. Although spray vaccination against ND in this experiments showed similar efficacy, compared to conventional methods, this method may not be appropriate in our field condition because of respiratory vaccinal reaction.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.90-99
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• 1994

This study was carried out to examine how dietary protein and calcium levels in rats fed fat-enriched diet affect the total lipid and cholesterol contents of blood and tissues. Male Sprauge-Dawley rats weighing approximately 200g were fed six purified diets which contained 18%(w/w) beef tallow, 1% (w/w) cholesterol, two source of protein, casein or isolated soy protein (ISP) and three levels of dietary calcium, 0.1%, 0.4% and 1.0%, first, for four weeks, and second, for eight weeks. The contents of the total lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride in blood, liver, heart and feces were determined. After four weeks feeding serum lipid and cholesterol concentrations significantly decreased in rats fed 1.0% (w/w) level calcium, regardless of dietrary protein sources. After eight weeks, these concentrations were significantly lower in the rats fed soy protein than in casein-fed rats. As dietary calcium level increased serum and tissue lipid and cholesterol contents were decreased and fecal lipid excretion increased. It is concluded that hypolipidemic and/or hypocholesterolemic effects of soy protein and calcium were partly due to decrease in lipid absorption.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 1994

This study was carried out to examine how dietary protein and calcium levels in rats fed fat-enriched diet affect the total lipid and cholesterol contents of blood and tissues. Male Sprauge-Dawley rats weighing approximately 200g were fed six purified diets which contained 18%(w/w) beef tallow, 1% (w/w) cholesterol, two source of protein, casein or isolated soy protein (ISP) and three levels of dietary calcium, 0.1%, 0.4% and 1.0%, first, for four weeks, and second, for eight weeks. The contents of the total lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride in blood, liver, heart and feces were determined. After four weeks feeding serum lipid and cholesterol concentrations significantly decreased in rats fed 1.0% (w/w) level calcium, regardless of dietrary protein sources. After eight weeks, these concentrations were significantly lower in the rats fed soy protein than in casein-fed rats. As dietary calcium level increased serum and tissue lipid and cholesterol contents were decreased and fecal lipid excretion increased. It is concluded that hypolipidemic and/or hypocholesterolemic effects of soy protein and calcium were partly due to decrease in lipid absorption.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.84-88
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• 2016

Objectives : To assess and compare the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment of depression in epilepsy children and adolescent's parents. Methods : 20 cases of depression in epilepsy children and adolescent's parents were investigated in Southern TCM Centre, Southern University College, Malaysia. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups; Acupuncture treatment group and Herbal medication treatment group. Family relationships questionnaires and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were used before, after 4 weeks and 8 weeks treatments in order to investigate the effectiveness of treatment. Results : After 4 weeks Acupuncture treatment group showed significant reduction in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. On the other hand, after 8 weeks both groups showed significant reduction in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Conclusions : The result suggests that the effectiveness of Acupuncture treatment is comparable with treat of Herbal medication treatment to reduce parent's Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.556-575
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• 1996

In an attempt to investigate the effect of a muscle strengthening exercise program on muscle strength, pain, depression, self-efficacy and quality of life of patients with knee osteoarthritis, a pre-experiment, one group pre-test & post-test design, was planned. Muscle strengthening exercise was carried out from May 22 through August 14, 1995 at isokinetic exercise room in rehabilitation department of University Hospital in Taejon. The subjects were seven female clients conveniently sampled from University Hospital located in Taejon, between 39 and 61 years of age, who had a osteoarthritis in knee. Muscle strengthening exercise program was composed of three sessions per week, one isokinetic exercise at angular velocity of 60° and 180° with Cybex isokinetic dynamometer and two resistance home exercise sessions with elastic band. Data were analyzed with frequency, percentage of change, Friedman test, Duncan test using SAS program. Results were obtained as follows : 1) Flexion and extension muscle strength at angular velocity of 60° and 180° were increased after 12weeks' exercise than those of before experiment. But exept flexion muscle strength at angular velocity of 180°(F=3.34, P=0.0261), there was no statistically significant difference among muscle strengths, which is measured every 3 weeks. 2) Pain was decreased after 6weeks' exercise than that of before experiment, and after 12weeks' exercise than that of 6weeks' exercise. There was statistically significant difference (F=4.28, P=0.0396). 3) Depression was increased after 6weeks' exercise than that of before experiment, and after 12weeks' execise than that of 6weeks' exercise. There was no statistically significant difference between before experiment and after 6weeks' exercise. But, there was statistically significant difference between after 6weeks' exercise and 12weeks' exercise(F=9.38, P=0.0035). 4) Self-efficacy was decreased after 6weeks' exercise than that of before exercise. But, it was increased after 12weeks' exercise than that of be-fore exercise and after 6weeks' exercise. But there was no statistically significant difference (F=1.46, P=0.2706). 5) Quality of life was increased after 6weeks' exercise than that of before exercise, and after 6weeks' exercise than that of 12weeks' exercise. But there was no statistically significant differ once (F=1.06, P=0.3816). Thus, the significant of muscle strengthening exercise for the improvement of muscle strength, pain, depression, is verified. But, this study was a pre-experiment with small size subjects. So, con-trolled experimental study is necessary to determine the effect of this muscle strengthening exercise program on muscle strength, pain, depression, self-efficacy, and quality of life of patients with knee osteoarthritis.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.153-165
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• 2003

This study was carried out to evaluate the body fat breakdown during topical seaweed extract treatment and in combination with the iontophoresis method to enhance skin absorption of lipolytic compounds. Of 14 female obesity subjects, 7 treated a gel types of seaweed extract only(control group) and 7 treated in combination with the iontophoresis(experimental group). Topical treatment of each sample was designed for 2 weeks, treated with 2 times a day about $10m{\ell}$ on the abdomen, triceps and thigh, respectively. Experimental group treat with the iontophoresis during 5 minutes immediately after topical treatment. After one and two weeks of topical treatment, measured body fat, skinfolds thickness, body circumference respectively. Then venous blood samples were taken and analyzed serum lipids. The results were as follows; 1) There were decrement of body weight, $\%$ of body fat, abdomen, triceps and thigh circumference and abdomen, triceps and thigh thickness between pre and post treatment in both group. These decrement were predominant in the iontophoresis treated group. Especially, there were $16\%$ of body fat decrement in the experimental group after two weeks iontophoresis treatment(control group VS experimental group = $33.54{\pm}2.70$ VS $28.37{\pm}3.38$, p<0.01). 2) There were decrement in total CHOL, LDL, TRIG and increment in HDL in both group. These phenomena were predominant in the iontophoresis treated group. CHOL decrement in the experimental group were significant after two weeks iontophoresis treatment(control group VS experimental group = $190.24{\pm}34.36$ VS $157.76{\pm}24.45$, p<0.001). These results suggest that the topical treatment of seaweed extract effective for fat breakdown and maximized in the combination with the topical seaweed extracts treatment and the iontophoresis.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.201-209
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• 1998

Background: Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) have been used for various pain syndromes for their analgesic effects. They, however, often have anticholinergic side effects and therefore search for more selective drugs with fewer side effects is justified. Paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor devoid of autonomic side effects, was evaluated for its role as an analgesic adjuvant in the management of neuropathic pain. Method: According to individual diagnostic group as diabetic neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, central pain syndrome and cancer related plexopathy, 10 patients per each group were equally accumulated. Patients have been stabilized in their analgesic regimen at least four weeks prior to enrollment into study. TCA, if taken, was discontinued for two weeks for wash out period. Baseline four point verbal pain intensity score was obtained and oral administration of paroxetine 20 mg was initiated. At two weeks follow-up visit, pain intensity scores, pain improvement scores judged by family, drug efficacy, tolerability and overall evaluation were assessed. The incidence of side effects were also obtained. Result: After two weeks of treatment, pain intensity scores decreased in 77.5% of patients and no patients experienced aggravation. These findings were objectively reflected in pain improvement scores judged by family members. But, the number of nonresponders was different among groups. In drug efficacy, tolerability and overall evaluation, the proportions of patients who scored as excellent or good were 75%, 80% and 80% respectively. Incidence of side effects was 27.5%, but the side effects spontaneously disappeared after discontinuation of medication. Conclusion: Paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, appears to be effective as adjuvant analgesic for the management of various neuropathic pain syndromes.