• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.495-501
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• 2012

Objectives : Today, one of the most basically used procedures to dental patients is scaling for removing tartar. The purpose of this study is the effect of Happycaine during scaling for pain relief. Methods : This study was used self-questionnaire from 202 patients. SPSS 18.0 vision program was used for data analysis. Group A was used Happycaine, but group B wasn't used Happycaine. The degree of pain relief depending on use of Happycaine, was analyzed by Independent-two-sample t-test. Emotion and reaction during scaling was analyzed by mean and standard deviation. The results were as follows. Results : 1. 52.5% participants answered 'require scaling' and 12.9% answered 'required scaling very much'. so 65.4% participants recognized the need of scaling. 2. According to the experience of Happycaine during scaling, differences in pain was by Likert 5 pints scale, Group B's pain was higher than Group A's(p=0.000). 3. According to the experience of Happycaine during scaling, the mean of panic from Group B was a little higher than Group A(p=0.036). In case of cold symptom during scaling, Group B was significantly different(p=0.011). In Group B, pain from dental hygienists was significantly different (p=0.000). Group A was interested in Happycaine use in future scaling(p=0.004). Conclusions : As a result of this study, we recommend Happycaine during scaling in order to decrease mental burden and pain for patients.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.219-228
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between anger expression, social supports, and adjustment to college life among nursing students. A convenience sample of 266 students in two colleges participated in the study. Data were analyzed using t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple stepwise regression. The mean score for adjustment to college life was above average. The mean score for adjustment to college life differed significantly according to students' reasons for applying to college and perceived health status. Adjustment to college life significantly correlated with anger expression and social supports. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that anger expression (Anger-Out, Anger-In, and Anger-Control), social supports, and perceived health status explained 27.1% of the variance in adjustment to college life. The study findings suggest that interventions intended to promote nursing students' adjustment to college life should focus on improving anger management, social supports, and perceived health status.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of study was to compare glycemic control using glycated hemoglobin levels ($HbA_{1c}$) in diabetic patients with chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) undergoing scaling and root planing (SRP) with and without systemic doxycycline. Methods: Fifty subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus ($T_2DM$) and CGP receiving antidiabetic therapy were selected for study. The selected subjects were randomly assigned to two groups (test group [TG] and control group [CG]) comprising 25 patients each. The TG received SRP followed by systemic doxycycline. The CG received treatment with SRP only. The periodontal parameters were recorded at baseline (day zero), and every 1 month for 4 months and included probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index, gingival index, and $HbA_{1c}$ level were recorded at baseline (day zero) and at the end of 4 months. Results: A statistically significant effect was demonstrated for the periodontal parameters for both the TG and CG. $HbA_{1c}$ values did not show a statistically significant difference in the treatment group as compared to the CG. Conclusions: The authors concluded that nonsurgical periodontal therapy improved glycemic control in patients with $T_2DM$ in both groups, but no statistical difference was observed with adjunctive systemic doxycycline therapy. A further study with a larger sample size is required.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.849-857
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• 2007

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to compare and quantify the expressions of RANK and RANKL in the gingival tissues of non-periodontitis patient and patients with chronic periodontitis, in order to understand the contribution of these proteins to periodontal destruction. Material and methods: Gingival tissue samples were obtained during periodontal surgery or tooth extraction. According to the patient's systemic condition & clinical criteria of gingiva, each gingival sample was divided into two groups. Group 1 (n=8) is clinically healthy gingiva without bleeding and no evidence of bone resorption or periodontal pockets, obtained from non-periodontitis patients. Group 2 (n=8) is inflammed gingiva from patients with chronic periodontitis. Tissue samples were prepared and analyzed by Western blotting. The quantification of RANK and RANKL were performed using a densitometer and statistically analyzed by Student's t-Test. Results: The expression of RANK were similar in group 1 and 2. The difference between group 1 and 2 was not statistically significant. And the mean amount of RANKL was more increased in group 2 than group 1. The difference between group 1 and group 2 was statistically significant. Conclusion: The expression level RANK didn't show any significant difference between healthy tissue from non-periodontitis patients and inflamed tissue from chronic periodontitis, but the expression level of RANKL in inflammed tissue from chronic periodontitis showed significantly increased tendency compared to healthy gingiva from non-periodontitis patients. Therefore, characteristics of RANK and RANKL in progress of chronic periodontitis would be basis of further studies in diagnostic method and treatment index of the disease.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.30 no.3 s.58
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• pp.577-584
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• 1997

Validation and Standardization of neurobehavioral instrument in Korean occupational setting has not been studied ever. This study tried to validate the newly developed computerized psychomotor tests, Neurobehavioral Tests for Occupational Screening (NTOS). Male patients with Parkinson's disease(n=12) and male workers who never exposed to occupational neurotoxic materials and didn't have neurologic disease(n=21), performed some tests from NTOS; simple reaction time, choice reaction time(2 choice), and finger tapping(both hands). In simple analysis, difference between patient group and worker group was significantly great. Adjusted for age and education years, simple reaction time and finger tapping(both hand) were statistically significantly different between two groups(p<.05). Choice reaction time was also different(p<.1) but error frequency of choice reaction time test was not. Generally, this results showed NTOS could detect impairment of psychomotor function. But insensitive results of choice reaction time was partly due to small sample size and confounding variables and so required future study and refinement at improvement of NTOS.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.297-308
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to define whether NSILQ is useful for the nursing student in supporting women labor room(Nursing Support in Labor Questionnaire). The retrospective study was conducted to identify the helpfulness of nursing student support behaviors as perceived by women in Labor. This sample of 152 women completed two data collection instruments : a demographic & obstetric questionnaire(12) and NSILQ(20). The data were analyzed by Cronbach alpha, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA with SAS program. The result of this study are as follows. 1. All of NSILQ nursing behaviors were perceived as helpful in this study. The total mean of perceived score was $3.4{\pm}0.90$. 2. According to the type of nursing support, the mean of Affect(AT) care was $3.48{\pm}0.79$, the mean of Aid(AD) care was $3.37{\pm}0.82$, the mean of Affirmation(AM) care was $3.35{\pm}0.90$. Among the type of care, the AD care was 52.2%, and the most helpful one. 3. The significant characters of nursing support are antenatal care numbers and husband with or not in labor process. In the group of score of nursing support, the number of antenatal care was low(F=3.90, P=0.02). The score of the group husbands in labor process was higher.(T=4.55, P=0.001). 4. The significant characters of influencing on nursing support required are the person who helped and whether women has job or not. 5. The highest numbers of wanting nursing support are Aid cares(74.3%). The care the women wanted mostly was Aid cares (74.3%; pain control in labor(56.6%), physical comfort(6.6%), coach in labor(3.9%), explain of dilatation(1.3%) in rank.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.91-102
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• 2021

This study explored the educational effects of the digital citizenship teaching and learning model on middle school science classes. For this purpose, two classes of the third grade of middle school in Gyeonggi-do were selected, and the experimental group(28 students) was taught science classes using digital citizenship learning model, and the control group(28 students) was taught in regular lectures. The measurements used to verify the effects of science classes using the digital citizenship learning model were digital citizenship and empathy tools. The data collected for the effect verification were analyzed by independent sample t-test and ANCOVA. As a result, the experimental group applying the digital citizenship learning model showed higher scores of digital citizenship and empathy than the control group. Therefore, it can be seen that the middle school science class applying the digital citizenship learning model was effective in cultivating the digital citizenship and empathy of middle school students. In future studies, it is necessary to examine the effects of digital citizenship learning model at different school levels and other subjects.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.201-207
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• 2021

This study investigated the effects of self-esteem on the depression of baby boomer and eco-boomer generation (the children of baby boomers) living alone. It was identified from the point of view of comparison between the two groups. Using the 15th data of the 2020 Korea Welfare Panel, an independent sample t-test and hierarchical regression analysis were conducted with the data of baby boomers who live alone (born in 1955-1963) and eco-boomers who live alone (born in 1979-1992). The results of this study show that baby boomers who live alone had lower levels of education, income, and health condition than the eco-boomers who live alone, and had higher level of depression, but relatively lower level of self-esteem. In both groups, self-esteem had an effect on depression, but it was confirmed that the influence was greater in the group of baby boomers (Adjusted R2 .259) than in eco-boomers (Adjusted R2 .083). Based on the results of this study, practical and policy alternatives were suggested to prevent the depression among middle-aged, elderly people, and young adults who live alone.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.905-915
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• 2021

This study examines the relationship between financial behavior, financial literacy, self-efficacy, and self-coping among emerging adults. The study population is 790 respondents from 11 Credit Counselling and Debt Management (CCDM). Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was used to analyze Pearson Correlation and Multiple regression. It was used to determine the relationships and recognize determinants of emerging adults' financial behavior respectively. In this study, financial literacy, self-efficacy, self-coping, and financial behavior variables were entered into the regression. A total of 790 respondents aged 40 and below were selected. An independent sample t-test was administered to compare the financial behavior scores for females and males. The results reveal that there was significant difference in the mean of financial behavior scores for females (M = 87.20, SD = 18.00) and males (M = 89.70, SD = 16.80; t (765) = 2.010, p = 0.045, two-tailed). The multiple regression results indicate that the model explained 13.4% of the variance in financial behavior, which is predicted significantly by the model (F = 38.361, p = 0.000). This study will be beneficial to policymakers to improve living conditions and to promote good financial behavior, financial literacy, self-efficacy as well as self-coping especially for emerging adults in Malaysia.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.113-121
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• 2023

This is a descriptive survey research aimed at investigating the level of digital literacy and verifying the impact of digital literacy and academic self-efficacy on problem solving in nursing students, with fousing on digital literacy, which is emerging in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution. Data were collected between April and May 2022 from 118 nursing students at a university located in K City, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, two-sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression with the SPSS 18.0 program. The results showed that nursing students generally have good digital literacy, but they struggle with specific areas like material development and information evaluation. Nursing students' digital literacy (β=.311, p=.001), followed by academic self-efficacy (β=.184, p=.048), had a significant impact on problem-solving ability (F=12.237, p< .001), as explanaing 16.1% of the variation. To improve nursing students' digital literacy and problem solving, developing a more structured and situation-oriented nursing education curriculum is needed.