• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.80-98
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• 2008

In the past, the purpose of urban landscape planning was to beautify cities. Now, that is changing as cities with their own characteristic identities and images are focusing on the making of livable cities. The subject of international competition is turning from a country objective to that of individual cities. To increase the attraction of the urban image will, therefore, be the most important and urgent policy in all cities. A city without global competitiveness will be demoted to a sub-city. This study intends to suggest strategic ways to improve the urban image suitable for Korean cities by the analysis and classification of the advanced cases in other countries. This study can be summarized as follows: 1. The image of cities is promoted by diverse strategies such as establishing landmarks, making meaningful places, hosting festivals and sports events, and making cultural policies. These strategies can be classified by three factors: the landscape and ecological factor, the historical and cultural factor, and the administrative and economic factor. 2. Korean cities are making efforts to promote their images through a variety of ways. Mega cities in Korea are steadily carrying out projects to use the administrative and economic factor such as expanding the infrastructure, supporting enterprises, advertising and marketing with accumulated capital. However, local small cities mainly depend on festivals and simple events or programs that are of interest but which lack characteristic identity. 3. Cities of advanced western countries are upgrading their images by finding and applying strategic methods to reflect characteristic identity and to keep in step with the changes of the times. On the other hand, cities in Japan try to promote urban image with traditional native festivals and with the making of livable places based on resident participation. The central government in Korea needs to establish a master plan considering the regional balance to improve the image of each city. Local governments should carry out these diverse strategic methods. The task after benchmarking advanced cities with beautiful landscapes will be to find an 'All-Korean Style' and apply it to cities with characteristic image.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2013

In nature, to change the consciousness of those who wish to pursue something new, the road is turning function-oriented 'Walking Path' into purpose-oriented 'Walking Trails'. Though 'Walking Trails' is a long linear journey that leads people to see, to feel and to experience while walking on the trail, but considering on the landscape of trails when selecting routes is lacking. Landscapes, which are felt and perceived while walking on the trail, provide a purpose, and can be an important factor to improve visitor satisfaction. However, the study is insufficient in terms of landscape of trails. Therefore, it is the purpose of this study to find ways to help improving visitors' satisfaction in selecting routes, by analyzing the images and preferences of trails landscapes that are visually perceived, by analyzing the correlation between visitors' satisfaction and them. For this study, landscape assessment was carried out after selecting representative landscape photos of BukhansanDulegil 13 sections and landscape images adjectives for landscape assessment. Through the assessment, analyze landscape images of each section, landscape images factors affecting a wish to walk and landscape preferences, relationship between visitors' satisfaction and them. 'Refreshing' image was higher on the path with many trees and less artificial elements; 'urban' image was higher on the path with artificial elements. 'A wish to walk' and 'landscape preference' was higher on the path showed 'refreshing' and 'pastoral' image with many natural elements. Factors affecting 'a wish to walk' were "refreshing-unpleasant", "impressive-ordinary", factors affecting 'landscape preference' were "refreshing-unpleasant", "comfortable-uncomfortable". In addition, landscape preference was found to have a high correlation with visitors' satisfaction.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.36
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• pp.39-69
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• 1998

The study is to grope for the unified device of the women's welfare policy in the United Korea by considering and comparing with the women's welfare in South Korea and North Korea centering on the women's welfare law and system among the social security laws and systems in the present both countries. The both Koreas have enforced the different women's welfare policies according to the different ideologies and constitutions. But in the welfare policy women are in the secondary stage by means of the ideology of sexual devision. It, therefore, is clear that the position of the North Korean woman goes in advance of the South Korean woman in the law and system. However, they are similar to the North Korean women in the aspects of the application of law and system. That is, both of them are discriminated not only in home and labor participation, but also in social welfare. There are the patriarchal family system and sexual devision of labor under the discrimination against woman. As though the both sexes are equal in law, the welfare law and system are applicated unequally to woman because of the ideology of sexual devision and familism which family should take the primary responsibility of welfare. From this perspective the women's welfare policy of the United Korea is not just to unify both laws and systems related women's welfare, but to search for the convergence on the higher level of quality and to make the real gender-equal society. The study suggests as the women's welfare the spread of the application of social welfare system, and social security network constructed through the mother protection policy, women's poverty and social security on basis of the primary principles such as the gender equal right as civil right, benefits of social welfare as social right, escape from the patriarchal familism, strengthening of resposibility of state and the principle of women participation in process of social welfare management. The device of women's welfare means building the social welfare system based on the real gender equality, so the unification will be the important turning point for the gender-equal society to the South-North Korean women.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.293-302
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• 2014

This study was carried out to develop rain shelter which can make an appropriate size and environment for Chinese cabbage rainproof cultivation. Fifty three farms with chinese cabbage rainproof cultivation system have been investigated to set up width and height of rain shelter. Mostly the width of 6m was desired for rain shelter and the height of 1.6m for their eaves, so these values were chosen as the dimensions for rain shelter. After an analysis of their structural safety and installation costs by the specifications of the rafter pipe, Ø$25.4{\times}1.5t$ and 90cm have been set as the size of rafter that such size costs the least. This size is stable with $27m{\cdot}s^{-1}$ of wind velocity and 17cm of snow depth. Therefore it is difficult to apply this dimension to area with higher climate load. In order to sort out such problem, the rain shelter has been designed to avoid damage on frame by opening plastic film to the ridge. Once greenhouse band is loosen by turning the manual switch at the both sides of rain shelter and open button of controller is pushed then switch motor rises up along the guide pipe and plastic film is opened to the ridge. Chinese cabbage can be damaged by insects if rain shelter is opened completely as revealed a field. To prevent this, farmers can install an insect-proof net. Further, the greenhouse can be damaged by typhoon while growing Chinese cabbage therefore the effect of an insect-proof net on structural safety has been analyzed. And then structural safety has been analyzed through using flow-structure interaction method at the wind condition of $40m{\cdot}s^{-1}$. And it assumed that wind applied perpendicular to side of the rain shelter which was covered by insect-proof net. The results indicated that plastic film was directly affected by wind therefore high pressure occurred on the surface. But wind load on insect-proof net was smaller than on plastic film and pressure distribution was also uniform. The results of structural analysis by applying pressure data extracted from flow analysis indicated that the maximum stress occurred at the end of pipe which is the ground part and the value has been 54.6MPa. The allowable stress of pipe in the standard of structural safety must be 215 MPa or more therefore structural safety of this rain shelter is satisfied.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.605-615
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• 2012

Dance studies inherently have a nature of convergence and integration. Meanwhile, dance studies have extended their realm by investigating dance phenomena from many perspectives which art theories cannot explain. However, the previous and current dance studies are inadequate to explain a confluence society which is characterized as techuim, Interaction, freedom and openness according to the digital revolution. Hence, a result of research trend in domestic dance studies, it is found that dance studies have been studied in four perspectives since the early 2000s: first, a triggering the various studiesa of the convergent and integrative dance; second, an attempt to the convergent and integrative program development research; third, the vitalization of the convergent research on dance digital contents; and fourth, a research on the convergent dance art phenomena. These researches have played an important role in boosting a change in the structure and realm expansion of dance studies that are interdisciplinary research enabling a holistic approach to the integration and convergence between scientific technique, skills of dance art and other studies. However, it should be acknowledged that one problem is the current research development plan or/and research program have very little feasibility and practicality except an interdisciplinary research on the dance digital contents. Therefore, it is suggested for the development of dance studies in the age of convergence as follows: first, a dance convergent study integrated in skills and theories of dance and science that would pave the way for an academic foundation leading to a new humanistic model in the age of convergent; and second, a need for a paradigm shift that theories should be deployed in the scene on a commercial scale in order to produce effectiveness of the interdisciplinary and integrative research on dance studies by turning into a behavioristic research phase. third, it needs to changeover from large scale of convergent performance into small scale of convergent performance based on original idea for accumulation of teachnique research and promotion of dance convergent performance.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.67-80
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• 2020

This study has been conducted at a time when Korean government continues to extend support for youth startups as part of its policy to create jobs and the focus moves from career and employment to youth startups with a growing interest in the field of youth startups. Against this background, this study aims to identify difficulty factors of youth startups in areas besides the Seoul Metropolitan Area, seek ways to overcome difficulty factors, and propose policy implications. To this end, this study set five criteria and 25 sub-criteria to evaluate the difficulties of youth startups by reviewing previous studies and conducting literature review, and performing brainstorming method. The empirical analysis of the evaluation criteria was performed, using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method, on youths aged 19 to 39 in Gunsan area. The analysis results showed that the largest difficulty factors facing local youths include business model establishment, business administration and management, and startup funding in the criteria. As for sub-criteria, the largest difficulty factors are market information acquisition, technology commercialization, project feasibility, technology development, and new market pioneering in descending order. Local youths have much difficulty about the process of turning a business item into a product and commercializing it. According to a comparative analysis by gender, men were a relatively high difficulty in commercializing business models than women. men were a relatively high difficulty in commercializing business models than women. On the other hand, women were higher than men in all factors (management management, entrepreneurship, improvement of entrepreneurship system, and improvement of entrepreneurship awareness) except for factors affecting business model. In addition, the factors of entrepreneurship were found to be relatively different among young people (college students, prospective entrepreneurs, entrepreneurs). In conclusion, it was suggested that in order to revitalize youth entrepreneurship in the region, it is necessary to actively resolve the difficulties of business model commercialization rather than entrepreneurship funds. In addition, it is necessary to strategically support customized entrepreneurship support and situational administrative services because gender and hierarchical difficulties are different than general solutions. This study presented practical priorities and derivation methods for the entrepreneurship difficulties faced by local youth, and suggested measures and improvements for vitalizing local youth entrepreneurship in the future.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.139-148
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• 2020

Due to change in circumstances in the 2000s such as severe birthrate decline and shortened military service period, the armed forces of the Republic of Korea is currently turning to technologies and equipments from manpower, developing it to become high-tech, high-speed, and complex, resulting in an environment in which a single mistake could cause a mass mortality crisis.It is also evident that, considering aspects such as safety training curriculums and achievements of advanced countries and private education, hands-on training is a must in preventing suicides and accidents in the military, and establishing safety training centers is crucial for systematic and effective hands-on training.Soldiers who are joining the army as of now have experienced the Internet ever since they were born and easily use both virtual and augmented reality, and the current level of science and technology has developed to the point where most of the public safety experience centers are able to be replaced by virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR). Therefore, considering the aspects such as installation space, construction costs, maintenance costs, user characteristics, and education effects, other than for those trainings where real models and objects are more effective such as first aid training, it is with a strong recommendation that establishing military safety training facilities with VR/AR (Virtual and augmented reality) is a must in the coming future. We have derived the need for hands-on training by considering the development of virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR), analysis of operation status of the public safety experience centers, characteristics of military units, installation and maintenance costs, and proposed plan to establish safety training centers where effective training performance can be achieved at a lower cost than the public safety experience center. In addition, we suggested the scale of the required safety training center and the composition of the experience rooms considering the number of trainees and the environment of each military units. Given this analysis it will contribute to the prevention of military safety and suicide by building a safety training center in the future.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.234-257
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• 2000

At present in the medical care, the study and effort for producing health service to consider efficiency, effectiveness, and quality are urgently called for because of the difficulty in the keen competition according to the inter- nationalization and opening, the operation in the medical institution service testing system, the change in the medical policy of KDRGs, and the lack of the health care cost increasing rate. As an alternative, the case management for the new management system is introduced in the U.S., and the Critical Pathway that is the method designing the contents of activity and its result has been developed and applied in order to anticipate and manage the patient-outcome for the realization of the cost-effective case-management. Thus, this study intended to analyze the effectiveness to obtain by developing the Critical Pathway presented as the method to improve the quality-betterment and cost effectiveness through the continuous and consistent patient management for the hysterectomy patient and applying it to the real practice. As a study method, this author formed a conceptual framework through considering five Critical Pathway used in the current U.S. and three Critical Pathway presented in the literature to develop the Critical Pathway for the hysterectomy patient, and made out the preliminary Critical Pathway through reviewing the old chart. This author made the verified the validity of the expert group about the developed Critical Pathway, and to confirm the possibility of practice application, completed and settled the final Critical Pathway after using the Critical Pathway to the hysterectomy patient from March 1st to 15th, 1997. Finally, to analyze the application-effect of the developed Critical Pathway, this author offered health care service applying the Critical Pathway to the hysterectomy patient from April 15th to August 31th, 1997. The guide for the Critical Pathway was carried out in advance by outpatient setting nurse for outpatient setting visit before the operation, and after hospitalization the primary nurse monitored the execution degree on the every duty. After discharge this author surveyed the complication through phone visiting, and one month after discharge surveyed the patient's reaction about the offered service when outpatient setting visit and analyzed the result. The source for health care cost was obtained by the statistics about the hospital charge which was offered by the General Business Department. The results were as follows. 1. It was decided that the vertical line of the Critical Pathway was made up of eight items such as monitoring/assessment, treatment, line/drains, activity, medication, lab test, diet, patient teaching, and the horizontal line of the Critical Pathway was made up of from hospitalization to discharge. 2. After the analysis of service contents through reviewing the old chart, it was decided that the horizontal line of the preliminary Critical Pathway was made up of from hopitalization to fourth postoperative day, and the vertical line of it was divided into eight items which were the contents to occur with the time frame of the horizontal line. 3. After the verifying the validity of the expert group about the preliminary Critical Pathway, the horizontal line was amended from hopitalization to third postoperative day, and taking their consensus, some contents of the horizontal line was amended and deleted. 4. From March 1st to 15th, 1997, to confirm the clinical suitability, this author offered eight hysterectomy patients the medical service through the Critical Pathway. The result was that three of them could be discharged at the expected discharge day, and the others later than that day. Supplementing the preliminary Critical Pathway through analyzing the cause of that delay- case, this author developed the final Critical Pathway. 5. There were no significant differences between the experimental and the control group in the incidence of complication(P > 0.05). 6. The 92.4% of experimental group was satisfied with the Critical Pathway service. 7. The length of hospital stay of the experimental group offered with the Critical Pathway service was 4.6 days and there was a significant difference that it was 1.3 days shorter than that of the control group(t=-29.514, P=0.000). 8. There wsa a significant difference that the mean medical charge per one patient of the experimental group offered the Critical Pathway service was cheaper \124,150 than that of the control group(t=-9.826, P=0.000). 9. The result that the author assumed and analyzed hospital income with the rate of turning bed was assumed that the increase of hospital income was \63,245,072 for that study, and the income increase was expected with \68,704,864 for a year. The result that this author applied the Critical Pathway to the hysterectomy patient have no differences in the incidence of complication, high satisfaction with that service, and the length of hospital stay decreased in the experimental group, and the mean hospital charge per one patient decreased, but hospital income increased. Suggestions for further study and nursing practice are as follows. 1. The study to apply the Critical Pathway for a year, verify the validity, and measure the effect repeatedly is needed. 2. To apply and manage the Critical Pathway effectively, the study to computerize it is needed. 3. The study to develop hospital-based Critical Pathway about other diseases or procedure, and measure the effect is needed.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.57-67
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• 1997

The navigation of virtual space comes down to the manipulation of the virtual camera. The movement of the virtual cameras has 6 degrees of freedom. However, input devices such as mouses and joysticks are 2D. So, the movement of the camera that corresponds to the input device is 2D movement at the given moment. Therefore, the 3D movement of the camera can be implemented by means of the combination of 2D and 1D movements of the camera. Many of the virtual space navigation browser use several navigation modes to solve this problem. But, the criteria for distinguishing different modes are not clear, somed of the manipulations in each mode are repeated in other modes, and the kinesthetic correspondence of the input devices is often confusing. Hence the user has difficulty in making correct decisions when navigating the virtual space. To solve this problem, we use a single navigation metaphore in which different modes are organically integrated. In this paper we propose a helicopter pilot metaphor. Using the helicopter pilot metaphore means that the user navigates the virtual space like a pilot of a helicopter flying in space. In this paper, we distinguished six 2D movement spaces of the helicopter: (1) the movement on the horizontal plane, (2) the movement on the vertical plane,k (3) the pitch and yaw rotations about the current position, (4) the roll and pitch rotations about the current position, (5) the horizontal and vertical turning, and (6) the rotation about the target object. The six 3D movement spaces are visualized and displayed as a sequence of auxiliary windows. The user can select the desired movement space simply by jumping from one window to another. The user can select the desired movement by looking at the displaced 2D movement spaces. The movement of the camera in each movement space is controlled by the usual movements of the joystick.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.3
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• pp.269-282
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the causes of the dramatic process in forest policies from July of 1972 to June of 1973. In 1972, the core forest problem calling for an immediate solution was the severe forest degradation such as a low growing stock ($11m^3/ha$) and lots of non-tree forest land corresponding to 12% of total forest land. There could have been various approaches to solve the problem at that time. By the end of 1972, the Korean government was afoot to choose the management-oriented approach to carry out reforestation as a part of forest management. In order to implement this approach, the Korean government established the Forest Development Law enforcing establishment of the Forest Management Corporation as a public organization to carry out forest management in the special development land. However, the Korean government changed the management-oriented approach into the administration-oriented approach to carry out reforestation as a part of forest greening in order to rehabilitate severe degraded forests as soon as possible in early 1973. The Forestry Administration (refer to Forest Service) was transferred from the Department of Agriculture and Forestry to the Department of Interior for the efficient rehabilitation in advance, before the 1st 10-year National Greening Project. After the organization's transfer, the government established the 1 st 10-year National Greening Project aiming to reforest one million ha from 1973 to 1982 to use activities like the national greening campaign and the administrative organization mobilization including police force. Reforestation policy as a part of forest management lost effect due to the greening-oriented approach choice. Moreover, the Government struggled to provide 20 billion won for the establishment of the Forest Management Corporation. After all, on March 5th of 1973, the management-oriented approach dropped a curtain deleting the clauses defining the establishment of the Forest Management Corporation. Park, Chung-hee who was the then president of Korea might have felt the 'time restriction' to lose no time to habilitate degraded forests. Due to his awareness, the approach regarding reforestation was changed into administration-oriented activities. The president's awareness was considered as an invisible cause at that time.