• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.793-804
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• 1994

Turbulence intensity caused by piston movement was almost as same tendency as the piston speed. The turbulence intensity was increased from 0.39m/s to 0.79m/s when mean piston speed increased from 2.33m/s to 4.67m/s. In this case the maximum turbulence intensity caused by piston speed was decreased about 82 percent near the top dead center at the end of compression stroke. The maximum turbulence intensity was created from 12m/s to 22m/s when inlet flow velocity was increased from 22m/s to 45m/s. Also turbulence intensity caused by inlet flow velocity was linearly increased from 0.97m/s at top dead center at the end of compression stroke. The ratio of turbulence intensity and mean inlet flow velocity was about 3 percent for inlet flow velocity.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.599-618
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• 2014

In this study, a square rectangular tall building is considered to investigate the effects of turbulence integral length scale and turbulence intensity on the along-wind responses, across-wind responses and torsional responses of the tall building by Large Eddy Simulation (LES). A recently proposed inflow turbulence generator called the discretizing and synthesizing random flow generation (DSRFG) approach is applied to simulate turbulent flow fields. It has been proved that the approach is able to generate a fluctuating turbulent flow field satisfying any given spectrum, desired turbulence intensity and wind speed profiles. Five profiles of turbulence integral length scale and turbulence intensity are respectively generated for the inflow fields by the DSRFG approach for investigating the effects of turbulence integral length scale and turbulence intensity on the wind-induced responses of the tall building. The computational results indicate that turbulence integral length scale does not have significant effect on the along-wind (displacement, velocity and acceleration) responses, across-wind displacement and velocity responses, while the across-wind acceleration and torsional responses vary without a clear rule with the parameter. On the other hand, the along-wind, across-wind and torsional responses increase with the growth of turbulence intensity.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.287-298
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• 2020

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the surface pressures on the CAARC standard tall building model concerning the effects of freestream turbulence. Two groups of incidence turbulence are generated in the wind tunnel experiment. The first group has an approximately constant turbulence intensity of 10.3% but different turbulence integral scale varying from 0.141 m to 0.599 m or from 0.93 to 5.88 in terms of scale ratio (turbulence integral scale to building dimension). The second group presents similar turbulence integral scale but different turbulence intensity ranging from 7.2% to 13.5%. The experimental results show that the mean pressure coefficients on about half of the axial length of the side faces near the leading edge slightly decrease as the turbulence integral scale ratio that is larger than 4.25 increases, but respond markedly to the changes in turbulence intensity. The root-mean-square (RMS) and peak pressure coefficients depend on both turbulence integral scale and intensity. The RMS pressure coefficients increase with turbulence integral scale and intensity. As the turbulence integral scale increases from 0.141 m to 0.599 m, the mean peak pressure coefficient increases by 7%, 20% and 32% at most on the windward, side faces and leeward of the building model, respectively. As the turbulence intensity increases from 7.2% to 13.5%, the mean value of peak pressure coefficient increases by 47%, 69% and 23% at most on windward, side faces and leeward, respectively. The values of cross-correlations of fluctuating pressures increase as the turbulence integral scale increases, but decrease as turbulence intensity increases in most cases.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.953-960
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• 2004

In this study, the effects of freestream turbulence intensity on laminar-turbulent transition of separated shear layers in the wake of a circular cylinder are investigated using an immersed boundary method and LES. It is shown that the present numerical results without freestream turbulence for Re=3,900 based on bulk mean velocity and the cylinder diameter are in good agreement with other authors' experimental observations and numerical results, verifying our numerical methodology. Then a 'prescribed power spectrum' method is imposed to generate isotropic turbulence at the inlet of the computational domain at each time step. The principal effects of freestream turbulence intensity on flow statistics are investigated for Re=3,900. Statistical study reveals that the Reynolds stresses in the near-wake region gradually increase, and transition occurs further upstream, as the turbulence intensity increases. On the other hand, the bubble size behind the cylinder decreases as the turbulence intensity increases, which indicates that the freestream turbulence helps mean velocity be quickly recovered.

• Journal of Wind Energy
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2023

This study aimed to investigate differences in turbulence intensity and turbine loads among onshore wind farms located in various types of terrain. To achieve this, simulations were conducted for two onshore wind farms with identical wind turbines and capacity but situated on complex and flat terrains. The simulations used meteorological data gathered over a 10-year period from automatic weather stations nearest to the wind farms. WindSim and WindPRO software tools were employed for wind field and load analysis, respectively. The simulation results revealed that wind farm A, situated on complex terrain, exhibited significantly higher effective turbulence intensity than wind farm B on flat terrain, as expected. Consequently, the load indices of several wind turbines exceeded 100 % in wind farm A, indicating that the turbines could not reach their design lifespan. From the simulation study, aimed at reducing both the effective turbulence intensity and turbine loads, it became evident that while increasing turbine spacing could decrease effective turbulence intensity to some extent, it couldn't completely resolve the issue due to the inherently high ambient turbulence intensity on complex terrain. The problem with wind turbine loads could only be completely resolved by using wind turbines with a turbine class of A+, corresponding to a reference turbulence intensity of 0.18.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2006년 제4회 한국유체공학학술대회 논문집
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• pp.371-374
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• 2006

The objective of this study is to determine the influence of free-stream turbulent intensity on the three-dimensional turbulent flow in a linear turbine cascade. The range of free-stream turbulence intensity considered is 0.7~10%. This study was performed numerically. The results show that the mass averaged loss coefficient increased according to the increase of free-stream turbulence intensity due to increased value of the mass averaged total pressure loss coefficient which was higher than the decreased value of the mass averaged secondary flow loss coefficient. The loss coefficient distribution was changed suddenly at a free-stream turbulence intensity of 10% while the loss coefficient distribution was rarely changed at a lower free-stream turbulence intensity of 5%.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2010

Analysis on turbulence intensity profile depending on wind speed is an important process to set up design condition of wind turbine in terms of fatigue load. This paper tests goodness of fit of turbulence intensity empirical equations suggested by the IEC 61400 Standards with Jejudo Gimnyeong met-tower measurement, which is erected at a seashore. Therefore sea breeze and land breeze coexist. Sea breeze case showed apparent increasing trend of turbulence intensity in a high wind speed regime due to increase of sea surface roughness. However, neither inland wind turbine standard IEC 61400-1 nor offshore wind turbine standard IEC 61400-3 fit such a trend adequately. On the other hand, the modified empirical equation of turbulence intensity of IEC 61400-3 derived from Germany FINO1 application study by considering turbulence intensity behavior in a high wind speed regime showed good agreement with the measurement. Therefore, we can reconfirm and conclude that IEC 61400-3 Ed.1 legislated in 2009 needs to be modified.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.247-253
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• 2012

Dam-break flows, a type of very shallow gravity-driven flow, are substantially influenced by resistance forces due to viscous friction and turbulence. Assuming turbulent flow, the main focus of this study is to validate the increase of drag forces caused by surface roughness and especially turbulence intensity. A Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) approach with the standard k-${\varepsilon}$ turbulence model is used for this study, where the free surface motion is captured by using a volume of fluid(VOF) method. Surface roughness effects are considered through the law of the wall modified for roughness, while the initial turbulence intensity which determines the lowest level of turbulence in the flow domain of interest is used for the variation of turbulence intensity. It has been found that the numerical results at higher turbulence intensities show a reasonably good agreement with the physical aspects shown by two different dam-break experiments without and with the impact of water.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.309-323
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• 2024

The gust factor and turbulence intensity are two crucial parameters that characterize the properties of turbulence. In tropical cyclones (TCs), these parameters exhibit significant variability, yet there is a lack of established formulas to account for their probabilistic characteristics with consideration of their inherent connection. On this condition, a probabilistic analysis of gust factors and turbulence intensities of TCs is conducted based on fourteen sets of wind data collected at the Sutong Cable-stayed Bridge site. Initially, the turbulence intensities and gust factors of recorded data are computed, followed by an analysis of their probability densities across different ranges categorized by mean wind speed. The Gaussian, lognormal, and generalized extreme value (GEV) distributions are employed to fit the measured probability densities, with subsequent evaluation of their effectiveness. The Gumbel distribution, which is a specific instance of the GEV distribution, has been identified as an optimal choice for probabilistic characterizations of turbulence intensity and gust factor in TCs. The corresponding empirical models are then established through curve fitting. By utilizing the Gumbel distribution as a template, the nexus between the probability density functions of turbulence intensity and gust factor is built, leading to the development of a generalized probabilistic model that statistically describe turbulence intensity and gust factor in TCs. Finally, these empirical models are validated using measured data and compared with suggestions recommended by specifications.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2021

In this paper, the effect of the turbulence intensity in across-wind direction on the wind load in CFD(Computational fluid dynamics) simulation was analyzed. 'Ansys fluent' software was used for CFD simulation. And the fluctuating wind speed applied to the simulation was generated according to Korean Design Standard and Von Karman wind turbulence model. The turbulence intensity in across-wind direction for simulation was applied from 0 to 100% of the turbulence intensity in along-wind direction. The analysis results showed that the turbulence intensity in across-wind direction had a particularly great effect on the wind load in across-wind direction.