• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.110-113
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• 2011

We have grown a Nb/Gd bilayer on a$SiO_2$/Si substrate by using a DC magnetron sputtering system, which was fabricated in situ with silicon stencil masks. In order to investigate proximity effect of the Nb/Gd bilayer, we used a planar tunnel junction with an AlOx tunnel barrier by oxidizing the Al ground electrode at the bottom. A $Co_{60}Fe_{40}$ backing of Al was deposited so as to reduce the superconductivity of the Al, ensuring a normal counterelectrode. With a 50-nm-thick Nb layer, we have measured dI/dV (dynamic conductance) by varying the thickness of Gd, which can reveal the density of states (DOS) of the Nb/Gd bilayer as a function of the Gd thickness resulting from the proximity effect of a superconductor/ferromagnet bilayer (S/F). The SF proximity effect in Nb/Gd will be discussed in comparison to our previous results of the CoFe/Nb, Ni/Nb and CuNi/Nb proximity effect; Gd is expected to show different effects since Gd has f-electrons, while CoFe, Ni, and CuNi have only d-electrons. Our studies will focus on the triplet correlation in a superconducting pair.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2003

최근 도심지역에서는 지하철과 같은 주요교통 수단으로 터널의 이용이 날로 증가되고 있는 추세에 있다. 터널 주변의 응력 및 변형상태는 새로운 터널건설에 의하여 변화되어 진다. 따라서, 근접터널에 대한 영향요소에 대한 연구 및 고찰은 필수적이다. 이 본문은 근접터널의 설계개념 및 분석기법에 대한 연구로써 신설터널의 건설로 인한 근법터널의 영향 및 상호거동에 대하여 고찰하였다. 특히 터널의 간격, 기하학적 위치, 라이닝의 강성 및 침하 등에 대하여 이론적 이해를 통하여 설계와 분석기법에 대하여 제안하였다. 결과적으로 이 논문을 통하여 향후 근접터널 설계시 보다 이론적이고 기술적인 접근을 위한 방향제시 및 해석방법등 기술향상을 위하여 도모 할 수 있을 것이다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.443-456
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• 2014

A popular modern architectural form for tall buildings is two (or more) towers which are structurally linked through such features as a shared podium or sky-bridges. The fundamental features of the wind loading and the structural links of such buildings can be studied by measuring load components on the individual unlinked towers along with their correlations. This paper describes application of dual high frequency force balance (DHFFB) in a wind tunnel study of the base wind loading exerted on generic tall twin buildings in close proximity. Light models of two identical generic tall buildings of square plan were mounted on DHFFB and the base wind loading exerted on the buildings was simultaneously acquired. The effects of the relative positions of the buildings on the correlations and coherences involving loading components on each building and on the two buildings were investigated. For some relative positions, the effects of the building proximity on the wind loading were significant and the loading was markedly different from that exerted on single buildings. In addition, the correlations between the loadings on the two buildings were high. These effects have potential to significantly impact, for example, the modally-coupled resonant responses of the buildings to the aerodynamic excitations. The presented results were not meant to be recommended for direct application in wind resistant design of tall twin buildings. They were intended to show that wind loading on tall buildings in close proximity is significantly different from that on single buildings and that it can be conveniently mapped using DHFFB.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1990년도 PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST KOREA-JAPAN JOINT GEOTECHNICAL SEMINAR ON EXCAVATION and TUNNELING IN URBAN AREAS
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• pp.25-34
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• 1990

For the construction of twin single track subway tunnels by NATM within close proximity of existing vehicle underpass in the highly congested area of downtown Seoul, finite element analyses were performed to evaluate the ground responses during tunnelling and also the stability and safety of the underpass structure and subway tunnels. Results of the analyses indicated the need to improve the soil beneath the underpass, and pre-grouting was carried out prior to the tunnel excavation. During tunnel construction field measurement program was implemented to confirm the results of anslyses and to control the tunnel construction procedures, thus ensuring stability of the existing structres.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2012

The simulation of the air flow over models in atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel is a research region based on advanced scientific technologies imposed by the necessity of studying the turbulent fluid dynamics in the proximity of the Earth's surface. In this study, the atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel of UCD is used, the mean velocities are measured by augmentation devices such as roughness blocks and spires. The experimental results of mean velocity profile are well fitted with the value of power law.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.99-117
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• 2020

This paper focuses on the processes of wind flow in atmospheric boundary layer, to produce realistic full scale pressures for design of low-rise buildings. CFD with LES turbulence closure is implemented on a scale 1:1 prototype building. A proximity study was executed computationally in CFD with LES that suggests new recommendations on the computational domain size, in front of a building model, apart from common RANS-based guidelines (e.g., COST and AIJ). Our findings suggest a location of the test building, different from existing guidelines, and the inflow boundary proximity influences pressure correlation and reproduction of peak loads. The CFD LES results are compared to corresponding pressures from open jet, full scale, wind tunnel, and the ASCE 7-10 standard for roof Component & Cladding design. The CFD LES shows its adequacy to produce peak pressures/loads on buildings, in agreement with field pressures, due to its capabilities of reproducing the spectral contents of the inflow at 1:1 scale.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.92-98
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• 2003

한양대학교 중형 아음속 풍동의 설계요구사항에 따라 균일도 증가 및 난류도 감소를 위한 최적설계를 수행하였다. 신뢰성 있는 풍동실험을 위해 먼저 풍동 시험부의 균일도와 난류강도 특성이 먼저 파악되어야 한다. 한양대학교 중형 아음속 풍동의 비균일도와 난류강도는 세 부분의 속도영역에서 피토관과 X형 열선프로브로 각각 측정되었다. 풍동 시험부의 유속이 증가함에 따라 비균일도가 작아졌으나 시험부의 측정단면이 확산부에 가까워질수록 비균일도가 크게 나타났다. 난류강도는 시험부 중앙에서 설계 요구조건에 비해 약간 높게 측정되었다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.273-280
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• 2003

도심지 교통해소를 위한 수단으로 터널구조물의 건설은 날로 증가되는 추세에 있다. 그러나, 새로운 터널구조물이 기존 터널구조물과 인접 또는 교차하여 건설됨에 따른 기존 터널구조물의 운영상의 안정성 확보는 상당히 중요하다. 이에 따라, 이 논문은 기존터널과 인접하여 건설되는 신설터널과의 상호거동에 대한 연구로써, 특히 상하교차터널에 대하여 중점을 두었다. 이 연구는 1g 모형시험을 실시하고 그들 결과의 분석을 통하여 교차터널의 거동에 대한 연구 고찰하였다. 또한 교차터널의 설계방향 제시함으로써 보다 실질적인 교차터널의 설계기술 발전을 위하여 활용되어 질 것으로 판단된다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.111-122
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• 2020

In most cases in urban areas, construction of divergence tunnel should take into account proximity to existing tunnel in operation. This inevitably leads to deformation of adjacent structures and surrounding ground. Preceding researches mainly dealt with reinforcing of the diverging section for the stability including the pillar. This has limitations in investigating the interactive effects between existing structures and surrounding ground due to the excavation of the divergence tunnel. In this study, the complex interactive behavior of pile, the operating tunnel, and the surrounding ground according to horizontal offsets between the two adjacent tunnels was quantitatively analyzed based on conditions diverged from operating tunnel in urban areas. The effects on ground structures confirmed by analyzing the ground surface settlements, pile settlements, and the axial forces of the pile. The axial forces of lining in operating tunnel investigated to estimate their impact on existing tunnel. In addition, in order to identify the deformation of the surrounding ground, the close range photogrammetry applied to the laboratory model test for confirming the underground displacements. Two-dimensional finite element numerical analysis was also performed and compared with the results. It identified that the impact of excavating a divergence tunnel decreased as the horizontal offset increased. In particular, when the horizontal offset was larger than 1.0D (D is the diameter of operating tunnel), the impact on existing structures further reduced and the deformation of surrounding ground was concentrated at the top of the divergence tunnel.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2007

시설물의 안전성을 위한 유지 관리는 시간과 인력에 따른 경비가 상당히 소모되는 작업이다. 특히 인력에 의한 육안 검사에 의해 이루어지는 터널과 같은 시설물 관리에는 많은 시간과 경비가 요구되고 있으며, 데이터의 보관이나 저장 등에 어려움이 많다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 단점을 극복하기 위하여 최근 신기술로 떠오르는 레이저 스캐닝 기술에 의하여 획득한 데이터를 이용하여 터널의 유지 관리에 필요한 정보를 추출하는 접근방법을 제안하고자 한다. 터널의 레이저 스캐닝 데이터는 시작품으로 제작된 레이저 스캐너를 이용하여 촬영하였으며, 고밀도 점 데이터의 형태로 저장된 자료를 이용하였다. 터널의 스캐닝 데이터의 기하학,광학적 특성을 이용하여 터널 내부에 장착된 시설물들을 제거 한 후, 터널의 라이닝 상에 나타나는 물리적인 손상부위나 균열을 탐지하는 방법을 제시한다. 물리적인 손상부위는 터널의 라이닝이 성립하는 면을 기준으로 근접성을 바탕으로 탐지된다. 이 연구에서는 제안된 알고리즘을 적용하여 현장의 디지털 사진에서 확인할 수 있는 물리적인 손상 부위를 탐지 할 수 있었다.