• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.385-390
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• 2013

The effect of tuna extracts on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), and interferon-${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$), was investigated. All extracts and fractions from tuna significantly reduced NO production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The acetone+methylene chloride (A+M) extract, n-hexane and 85% aqueous methanol (MeOH) fractions had stronger inhibitory effects among them. The 85% aqueous MeOH fraction at a 10-${\mu}g$ concentration significantly decreased LPS-induced IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ productions at 6 h of incubation. In the case of LPS-induced IFN-${\gamma}$ production, the 85% aqueous MeOH fraction at a 3-${\mu}g$ concentration showed significantly higher levels at 48 h of incubation. These results show that the 85% aqueous MeOH fraction inhibited the production of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$), suggesting that this fraction acts as a potent immunomodulator.

• BMB Reports
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.185-191
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• 2004

Tissue transglutaminase (tTGase) regulates various biological processes, including extracellular matrix organization, cellular differentiation, and apoptosis. Here we report the protective role of tTGase in the cell death that is induced by the tumor necrosis factor $\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$) and ceramide, a product of the TNF-$\alpha$ signaling pathway, in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Treatment with retinoic acid (RA) induced the differentiation of the neuroblastoma cells with the formation of extended neurites. Immunostaining and Western blot analysis showed the tTGase expression by RA treatment. TNF-$\alpha$ or $C_2$ ceramide, a cell permeable ceramide analog, induced cell death in normal cells, but cell death was largely inhibited by the RA treatment. The inhibition of tTGase by the tTGase inhibitors, monodansylcadaverine and cystamine, eliminated the protective role of RA-treatment in the cell death that is caused by TNF-$\alpha$ or $C_2$-ceramide. In addition, the co-treatment of TNF-$\alpha$ and cycloheximide ecreased the protein level of tTGase and cell viability in the RA-treated cells, supporting the role of tTGase in the protection of cell death. DNA fragmentation was also induced by the co-treatment of TNF-$\alpha$ and cycloheximide. These results suggest that tTGase expressed by RA treatment plays an important role in the protection of cell death caused by TNF-$\alpha$ and ceramide.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.263-267
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• 2007

The mast cell-mediated immediate-type allergic reaction is involved in many allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and sinusitis. The discovery of drugs for the treatment of mast cell-mediated immediate-type allergic diseases is a very important subject in human health. In this study, we investigated the effect of small black soybean (Glycine max Merr.) (Leguminosae) on mast cell-mediated allergic reaction and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Small black soybean (SBS) inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic reaction. SBS attenuated immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated local allergic reaction. In addition, SBS decreased the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ and interleukin (IL)-8 secretion in human mast cells. These results indicate that SBS may be beneficial in the treatment of mast cell-mediated immediate-type allergic reactions.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.39-53
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• 2018

Objectives The aim of this study was to analyze the herbal prescription and composition of the leading experimental studies of herbal medicine extract in arthritis model and to analyze the way of setting model and the way of validating effect of the leading experimental studies of herbal medicine extract in arthritis model. Methods The Subjects were selected by select criteria and exclusion criteria from January 1, 2000 to September 30, 2017. The herbal prescription and composition of the selected subjects were analyzed. The effects and statistical significance of selected studies were verified by comparing the control and treatment groups of frequently used cytokines (tumor necrosis factor $[TNF]-{\alpha}$, interleukin $[IL]-1{\beta}$, IL-6). Results 52 kinds of herbal prescriptions and 118 kinds of individual herbs were used in 64 studies. Among the 52 kinds of herbal prescriptions, Daeganghwal-tang (4 times) was used most frequently. Among the 118 kinds of individual herbs, Glycyrrhizae Radix (49 times), Angelicae Giantis Radix (34 times), Osterici Radix (24 times) were used most frequently in order. The prescription that has the highest $TNF-{\alpha}$ decline is Changchooldoin-tang. The prescription that has the highest $IL-1{\beta}$ decline is Banggibokryeong-tang. The prescription that has the highest IL-6 decline is Gwanjeol8ho-bang. Conclusions Daeganghwal-tang (herbal prescription) and Glycyrrhizae Radix, Angelicae Giantis Radix, Osterici Radix (individual herbs) were used most frequently. The prescriptions that have the highest cytokines decline were Changchooldoin-tang, Banggibokryeong-tang and Gwanjeol8ho-bang.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.849-856
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• 2008

The present study was undertaken to investigate specific immune response of Rubus coreanus Miquel (raspberry) in pig spleen lymphocytes and gene expression induced by the extracts of raspberry using gene chip technology. The 70% ethyl alcohol extracts of raspberry were treated to pig spleen lymphocytes. The extracts of raspberry stimulated the proliferation of splenocytes and increased the population of CD3 & CD4 T-cells and B-cells in pig spleen lymphocytes. The extracts of raspberry improved immune response by increasing the viability of splenocytes. In microarray study we found eight genes were significantly up- regulated by the extracts of raspberry in pig splenocytes, including genes known to be involved in cell structure and immune response, particularly microtubule-associated protein 4, cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain, tumor necrosis factor alpha, lymphotoxin-beta receptor precursor. However, ten genes were down- regulated by the extracts of raspberry treatment.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.751-763
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• 2018

Objective: This study was undertaken to investigate how magnolia bark extract affects ob/ob mouse in terms of metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance. Methods: Leptin-deficient ob/ob mice were divided into 2 groups (n=5): a normal saline treatment (=control) and magnolia bark treatment. Wild type mice were the lean group (n=5). After 5 weeks, we measured fasting blood sugar (FBS) and conducted oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) in each group. After 6 weeks, we measured body weight, epididymal fat pad weight, liver weight, serum glucose, serum insulin, and gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, interferon-${\gamma}$, and interleukin-6. We characterized the phenotype of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) and analyzed fractions of the phenotype in each group by flow cytometry. Results: In the magnolia bark group, fasting blood sugar, oral glucose tolerance levels, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were significantly decreased. The population and proportion of ATMs among leukocytes in adipose tissue were significantly decreased in the magnolia bark group. The population and proportion of M1 type ATMs among ATMs were significantly decreased in the magnolia bark group. Gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ was significantly decreased in the magnolia bark group. Conclusions: These results support a positive effect of magnolia bark on metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance and metabolic inflammation in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1805-1809
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• 2004

In order to validate the use of Radix Curcumae Aromaticae as an anti-inflammatory drug in the traditional Korean medicine, I have investigated the effect of water-soluble extract of Radix Curcumae Aromaticae (ECA) on the expression of inducible heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which ha.s anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects stimulates, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated with a high dose of pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). The extract protected dose-dependently HUVECs against TNF-α-induced apoptosis, as measured qualitatively by a nuclear staining method using the fluoresoence DAPI and quantitatively by a flow cytometry using fluoresce-enhanced Annexin V antibody, and significantly Increased HO-1 expression, as determined by Western blotting analysis using anti-HO-1 antibody. Biockage of HO-1 activity by a pharmacological inhibitor reversed cytoprotection afforded by the extract, and treatment with carbon monoxide, one of HO-1 metabolites, resulted in cytoprotection comparable to the extract. These results suggest that ECA may have therapeutic potential in the control of endothelial disorders caused by inflammatory cytokines.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.319-327
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• 2004

This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of defibrotide on the development of the surgically induced reflux esophagitis, on gastric secretion, lipid peroxidation, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) accumulation, polymorphonuclear leukocytes adherence, superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide production in PMNs, scavenge of hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide, cytokine (interleukin-1 ${\beta}$, tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$) production in blood, and intracelluar calcium mobilization in PMNs. Defibrotide did not inhibit the gastric secretion and not change the gastric pH. Treatment of esophagitis rats with defibrotide inhibited lipid peroxidation, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the esophagus in comparison with untreated rats. Defibrotide significantly decreased the PMN adherence to superior mesenteric artery endothelium in a dose-dependent manner, Superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide production in $1{\mu}M$ formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (fMLP)- or $0.1{\mu}g/ml$ N-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-activated PMNs was inhibited by defibrotide in a dose-dependent fashion. Defibrotide effectively scavenged the hydrogen peroxide but did not scavenge the hydroxyl radical. Treatment of esophagitis rats with defibrotide inhibited interleukin-1 ${\beta}$ production in the blood in comparison with untreated rats, but tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ production was not affected by defibrotide. The fMLP-induced elevation of intracellular calcium in PMNs was inhibited by defibrotide. The results of this study suggest that defibrotide may have partly beneficial protective effects against reflux esophagitis by the inhibition lipid peroxidation, PMNs accumulation, PMNs adherence to endothelium, reactive oxygen species production in PMNs, inflammatory cytokine production(i.e. interleukin-1 ${\beta}$), and intracellular calcium mobilization in PMNs in rats.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.923-929
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• 2004

Stylopine is a major component of the leaf of Chelidonium majus L. (Papaveraceae), which has been used for the removal of warts, papillomas and condylomas, as well as the treatment of liver disease, in oriental countries. Stylopine per se had no cytotoxic effect in unstimulated RAW 264.7 cells, but concentration-dependently reduced nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E$_2$ (PGE$_2$), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-$\alpha$) and interleukin-1$\beta$(IL-1$\beta$), and the IL-6 production and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity caused by the LPS stimulation. The levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and COX-2 protein expressions were markedly suppressed by stylopine in a concentration dependent manner. These results suggest that stylopine suppress the NO and PGE$_2$ production in macrophages by inhibiting the iNOS and COX-2 expressions. These biological activities of stylopine may contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity of Cheli-donium majus.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.3923-3927
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• 2016

Infection with the hepatitis C virus is a major public health concern which can lead to carcinoma and liver failure. It has been shown that single nucleotide polymorphisms can affect the level of gene activity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) which has an important role, especially in viral infections which can lead to apaptosis of infected hepatocellular cells. We investigated the impact of three possible genotypes for rs1800629 or A/G single nucleotide polymorphism located downstream of $TNF{\alpha}$ gene promoter in groups of control (n=76) and chronic hepatitis C patients (n=89) focusing on the response to treatment among sensitive and resistant groups. Genomic DNA was extracted from $500{\mu}l$ prepheral whole blood and PCR and RFLP were used to amplify the region of interest and genotyping. With statistical analyzes a p-value <0.05 was considered meaningful. There was no significant difference in distribution of possible three genotypes among healthy individuals and patients (P=0.906, OR=1.194, CI=0.063-22.790). However, the frequency of G allele was higher in patients whereas A allele was more common among healthy individuals (p<0.0001). Further studies with more samples seem to be necessary.