• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1193-1203
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• 2016

This paper focuses on the analytical behavior of modular circular concrete-filled tubular (CFT) column with enhanced bracing details. To design a full-scale bridge pier of multiple circular concrete-filled tubes, numerical analysis was used to evaluate structural performance according to load directivity. In previous research (Ma et al. 2012, Shim et al. 2014), low cycle fatigue failure at bracing joints was observed, so enhanced bracing details to prevent premature failure are proposed in this analysis. The main purpose of this research is to investigate seismic performance for the diagonal direction load without premature failure at the joints when the structure reaches the ultimate load. The ABAQUS finite-element software is used to evaluate experimental performance. A quasi-static loading condition on a modular bridge pier is introduced to investigate structural performance. The results obtained from the analysis are evaluated by comparing with load-displacement responses from experiments. The concrete-filled tubes with enhanced bracing details showed higher energy dissipation capacity and proper performance without connection failure for a diagonal load.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.261-279
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• 2005

The hot spot stress approach is usually adopted in the fatigue design and analysis of tubular welded joints. To apply the hot spot stress approach for fatigue evaluation of long span suspension bridges, the FEM is used to determine the hot spot stress of critical fatigue location. Using the local finite element models of the Tsing Ma Bridge, typical joints are developed and the stress concentration factors are determined. As a case for study, the calculated stress concentration factor is combined with the nominal representative stress block cycle to obtain the representative hot spot stress range cycle block under traffic loading from online health monitoring system. A comparison is made between the nominal stress approach and the hot spot stress approach for fatigue life evaluation of the Tsing Ma Bridge. The comparison result shows that the nominal stress approach cannot consider the most critical stress of the fatigue damage location and the hot spot stress approach is more appropriate for fatigue evaluation.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.185-197
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• 2019

Considering the increasing use of tubular profiles in civil construction, this paper highlights the study on the behavior of welded connections between square hollow section column and I-beam, with emphasis on the assessment of the joint stiffness. Firstly, a theoretical analysis of the welded joints has been done focusing on prescriptions of the technical literature for the types of geometries mentioned. Then, a numerical analysis of the proposed joints were performed by the finite element method (FEM) with the software ANSYS 16.0. In this study, two models were evaluated for different parameters, such as the thickness of the cross section of the column and the sizes of cross section of the beams. The first model describes a connection in which one beam is connected to the column in a unique bending plane, while the second model describes a connection of two beams to the column in two bending planes. From the numerical results, the bending moment-rotation ($M-{\varphi}$) curve was plotted in order to determine the resistant bending moment and classify each connection according to its rotational capacity. Furthermore, an equation was established with the aim of estimating the rotational stiffness of welded I beam-to-RHS column connections, which can be used during the structure design. The results show that most of the connections are semi-rigid, highlighting the importance of considering the stiffness of the connections in the structure design.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.709-726
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• 2015

In this study, a novel vision-based bolt-loosening monitoring technique is proposed for bolted joints connecting tubular steel segments of the wind turbine tower (WTT) structure. Firstly, a bolt-loosening detection algorithm based on image processing techniques is developed. The algorithm consists of five steps: image acquisition, segmentation of each nut, line detection of each nut, nut angle estimation, and bolt-loosening detection. Secondly, experimental tests are conducted on a lab-scale bolted joint model under various bolt-loosening scenarios. The bolted joint model, which is consisted of a ring flange and 32 sets of bolt and nut, is used for simulating the real bolted joint connecting steel tower segments in the WTT. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed vision-based technique is evaluated by bolt-loosening monitoring in the lab-scale bolted joint model.

• Composites Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.14-18
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• 2012

The structural adhesives have the advantage of improving automobile performances and are being applied to joining light weight materials like aluminium and composite. In order to characterize the impact behavior of structural adhesive, instrumented impact tests were performed with respect to pin-ring adhesively bonded joint specimens. Also dynamic FE analysis was carried out using LS-DYNA to compare the results with experiments.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.110-113
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• 2010

해양플랜트 구조물은 대양에서 파력을 비롯한 바람 등과 같이 자연에 의해 발생하는 다양한 외력을 구조물 사용기간 동안 지속적으로 랜덤하게 받게 되므로 이로 인한 피로현상이 발생하게 된다. 특히 용접부로 이루어진 격점부는 복잡한 기하형상의 영향으로 피로에 대해 취약구조가 되므로 피로강도향상은 해양플랜트 구조의 안전성에 중요한 요인이 된다. 본 연구에서는 격점부에 대한 구조상세에 관련한 설계기준 및 평가방법을 조사하였으며, 고정식 Jacket 구조물을 대상으로 프레임요소를 사용하여 구조해석을 실시하여 공용하중에 대한 구조거동을 분석하였다. 또한 격점부의 강도평가방법 및 연결부 피로강도를 개선하기 위하여 프레임요소의 구조해석을 토대로 복잡한 기하형상을 가진 KT형 관이음부(Tubular Joints)에 대해 상세해석을 실시하였다.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.318-321
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• 2010

강관구조물은 여러 이점으로 인해 다양한 분야에 적용되고 있으며, 관이음부의 구조강도를 증가시키기 위해 다양한 보강법이 적용되고 있다. 대형 관이음부 보강방법 중 내부 환보강재를 이용한 보강법이 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 축방향력을 받는 K형 관이음부에 단일 및 이중 환보강재를 적용할 경우의 최대 응력 변화를 검토하였다. 내부 환보강재의 적용성 검토를 위해 유한요소 모델을 이용한 수치해석을 수행하였다. 각 지부재에 작용하는 하중과 내부 환보강재의 기하학적 형상에 따른 구조적 거동을 평가하였고, 수치해석 결과 환보강재의 보강효과가 정량적으로 산정되어 적용성이 검토되었다.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.209-217
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• 2015

Outrigger systems are highly efficient since they utilize the perimeter zone to resist lateral forces, similar to tubular systems. The entire structural weight can be reduced due to the system's significant lateral strength. Therefore, it is the most commonly selected structural system for tall and supertall buildings built in recent years. In this paper, issues regarding the differential shortening effect during construction of the outrigger system and the special joints used to solve these issues will be addressed. Additionally, the characteristics of wind and seismic loads in Korea will be briefly discussed. Lastly, buildings in Korea using an outrigger as their major structural system will be introduced and the structural role of the system will be analyzed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.115-126
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• 2018

Internationally representative steel design standards have forbidden or limited the application of high-strength steels to tubular joints, partly because of concerns about their unique material characteristics such as high yield ratio. Most of design standards stipulate that for steels whose yield strengths exceed 355 or 360 MPa, the strength equations cannot be utilized or strength reduction factor below 1.0 should be multiplied. However, the mechanical background behind these limitations is not clear. Experimental testing of high-strength steel CHS (circular hollow section) X-joints recently conducted by the authors also clearly indicated that the current limitations might be unduly conservative. As a continuing work, extensive, test-validated numerical analyses were made to investigate the behavior of high-strength steel CHS X-joint under axial compression. Three steel grades covering ordinary to very high strength steels were considered in the analysis. Again it was found that the high strength penalty to the joint strength in current standards is too severe and needs to be relaxed. The high-strength steel joints under the effects of chord stress generally showed higher strength than the ordinary steel joints and their strengths were conservatively predicted by current standards. It is also emphasized that current format of the CHS X-joint strength equation does not reflect observed behavior and needs to be recast.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.90 no.1
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• pp.27-40
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• 2024

The prediction of VIV amplitude is essential for the design and fatigue life estimation of steel tubes in tubular transmission towers. Limited to costly and time-consuming traditional experimental and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods, a machine learning (ML)-based method is proposed to efficiently predict the VIV amplitude of steel tubes in transmission towers. Firstly, by introducing the first-order mode shape to the two-dimensional CFD method, a simplified response analysis method (SRAM) is presented to calculate the VIV amplitude of steel tubes in transmission towers, which enables to build a dataset for training ML models. Then, by taking mass ratio M^*, damping ratio ξ, and reduced velocity U^* as the input variables, a Kriging-based prediction method (KPM) is further proposed to estimate the VIV amplitude of steel tubes in transmission towers by combining the SRAM with the Kriging-based ML model. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methods are demonstrated by using three full-scale steel tubes with C-shaped, Cross-shaped, and Flange-plate joints, respectively. The results show that the SRAM can reasonably calculate the VIV amplitude, in which the relative errors of VIV maximum amplitude in three examples are less than 6%. Meanwhile, the KPM can well predict the VIV amplitude of steel tubes in transmission towers within the studied range of M^*, ξ and U^*. Particularly, the KPM presents an excellent capability in estimating the VIV maximum amplitude by using the reduced damping parameter S_G.