• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.190-194
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• 2012

Shoot tips of chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) were cultured on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L BA to produce micro-tubers in vitro. To stimulate the formation of shoots and micro-tubers, and produce large micro-tubers, the sections of micro-tubers were cultured on MS media with BA and IAA. The shoot multiplication, and the micro-tuber formation and growth were very effective on the media containing 2.0 mg/L BA and 0.5~1.0 mg/L IAA. Sucrose added to MS medium with 2.0 mg/L BA and 0.5 mg/L IAA to stimulate more micro-tuber growth. The medium added 50 g/L sucrose was very effective in the increase of plant fresh weight and micro-tuber growth. After 4 weeks' culture of micro-tuber sections on the medium with 2.0 mg/L BA, 0.5 mg/L IAA and 50 g/L sucrose, the liquid media were added into the same vessels. The micro-tuber growth was stimulated remarkably by the addition of liquid medium. The addition of 25 $m{\ell}$ liquid medium containing 10 g/L activated charcoal, 3x MS salts and 250 g/L sucrose was the most effective in micro-tuber growth.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.151-161
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• 2019

Ashwagandha (Withania sominifera Duanal) is an important medicinal herb with increased demand after discovering its anti-stress and sex stimulating properties that are attributed to the presence of biologically active alkaloid compounds. The aim of this study was to elucidate a proper agro technological package that ensures the optimum growth of Ashwagandha to obtain the finest quality without degrading the pharmacologically active constituents. Mixtures of organic and inorganic fertilizers were combined with direct seeding and transplanted as four different treatments in this study. The fresh and dry weights of the tubers were recorded up to 12 months starting from two months after sowing (MAS) while the shoot height, root length, number of leaves, fresh and dry weights of the shoot and the root with a shoot ratio of up to 6 MAS were determined. The results revealed that the growth of Ashwagandha was not affected significantly by the method of planting, type of fertilizer or their combinations during most of the harvests. However, tubers harvested at 6 MAS had the highest recorded dry tuber weight per plant in all four treatments compared to the early harvests where two direct seeded treatments had the best results. Comparison of the phytochemical compounds showed that direct seeding with organic fertilizer had the highest recorded values for alkaloid and withaferine A contents with a lower percentage of fiber compared to the treatments with inorganic fertilizer. In conclusion, direct seeding with organic fertilizer and tubers harvested at 6 MAS are recommended as the best cultivation conditions and harvesting stage to obtain high quality tubers of Ashwagandha, respectively.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2005

Tuber yield and content of general component and diosgenin which is a main bioactive property were investigated in order to determine the growth characteristics of round typed yam(Dungeun-ma, Dioscorea opposita L.) and the potential of artificial culture at Suwon, Korea. Sprouting rates of segmented small tubers such as 3, 5, 7, 9, and 12g were respectively 60.3, 80.5, 85.3, 98.6 and 99.3% when they were investigated 30 days after planting. Segmented small tubers of 3, 5, 7, 9, and 12g enlarged respectively to 66, 87, 98, 120, and 140g in the green-house cultivation. Segmented small tubers of 3, 7, 12, 18, and 23g enlarged respectively to 35.2, 124.7, 142.7, 174.8, and 200,7g in the open-air field cultivation.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.120-127
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• 1994

To establish an efficient herbicide screening method for purple nutsedge(Cyperus rotundus) control, its sprouting characteristics, tuber production and responses on several herbicides were investigated under greenhouse condition. The tubers stored at $4^{\circ}C$ after sterilization with the diluted prochloraz(Spotac) solution showed higher sprouting than the non-sterilized did. The harvested tubers were not dormant, and the sterilized tubers which stored at low temperature had a sprouting capability of about 80% after 6 months. If the fresh weight of purple nutsedge tubers was decreased to below 48%, they could not sprout. However, the tubers soaked in water and then stored at low temperature could sprout by 88% even 6 months later. Sprouting and initial growth of tuber were much better at $35^{\circ}C$-day/$25^{\circ}C$-night than at 30/$20^{\circ}C$ or 25/$15^{\circ}C$. The half-sected tubers, which were prepared by setting the intact tuber of above 1.2g latitudinally, were shown similar initial growth to the intact but those sected crucifically were not. These results suggest that the half-sected tuber itself can be used as a material on herbicide screening. About 1000 tubers could be harvested when 10 tubers planted in a pot($56{\times}35{\times}16cm$) filled with the artificial soil were cultivated in greenhouse of $35^{\circ}C$-day/$25^{\circ}C$-night for 3 months(April-July, 1993). Chlorimuron, Bentazon and Norflurazon were selected as the standards for the screening because of providing relatively effective control on purple nutsedge in both soil-surface and foliar spray treatment.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.259-263
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the growth rate and hematological changes of the rats when supplemented with the powdered tubers of chufa(Cyperus esculentus) for four weeks. Nutritional composition of the powdered tuber of chufa is crude lipid(22.3%), crude protein(7.0%), crude fiber(8.8%), ash(5.1%), nitrogen free extract(48.9%) and water(7.9%), respectively. Sixteen Sprague-Dawley male $rats(173.1\pm3.8$ g) were randomly divided into two groups, control group and chufa group. Rats in control group were fed with American Institute of Nutrition(AIN)-76 diet and rats in chufa group were fed with modified AIN-76 diet contained the powdered tubers of chufa at the proportion of 26% of total diet in order to substitute the oil content of AIN-76 diet. Final body weight, gain of body weight and feed intake of rats in chufa group were larger than those of rats in control group significantly. But feeding efficiency of rats in chufa group was less than that of rats in control group significantly. All hematological values such as hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit and serological values such as glucose, total protein, albumin, AST, ALT, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglyceride were not significantly different between control and chufa group, respectively. Thus powdered tuber of chufa showed good tastefulness and did not provoke any adverse effect to the health indicators of rats. Therefore tuber of chufa would be used as new adequate feed resource for animals and possibly as suitable food resource for humans.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.297-300
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• 2002

Endogenous ABA and batatasins were first quantified in the stored tubers and bulbils of the Chinese yam, Dioscorea opposita Thunb. cv. 'Tsukune' by GC-MS with comparison of internal standard, and sugar content was also analyzed by HPLC with comparison of external standard. Endogenous ABA content in stored tubers and bulbils was rapidly decreased as storage period prolonged. ABA content of the bulbils was always higher than that of tuber during storage periods. All batatasins of stored tubers and bulbils at 30 days after storage decreased steadily compared to 120 days after storage. On the contrary, batatasin-Ⅲ of the stored tuber and bulbils was only decreased at 60 days after storage. In Dioscorea opposita Thunb. cv. 'Tsukune' like D. japonica, D. alata, and D. bulbifera, may be controlled by endogenous batatasins and ABA, In these compounds, batatasins rather than ABA might be closely related to dormancy-inducing compound during dormancy of the Chinese yam, Dioscorea opposita Thunb. cv. Tsukune.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.440-443
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• 2008

This study was aimed to investigate the difference for carbohydrate accumulation in both the red skinned tuber and white skinned tuber of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.), and to evaluate their tuber yield of seven lines collected from Korea. Jerusalem artichoke tubers were divided into two groups regarding to their skinned colors. Red skinned tuber collected from Euisung region showed the lowest tuber yield as 3,100 kg per 10a, otherwise white skinned tuber collected from Imdong region resulted in the highest tuber production as 6,300 kg per 10a among the six kinds of white skinned tubers. Yield of white skinned tuber was higher than that of red skinned tuber. It was inferred from the result that carbohydrate accumulation in white skinned tuber was highly increased compared to red skinned tuber since after early tuber enlargement.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 1989

This study was examined for the effect of tuber size, bud and tuber removal, and tuber cutting on growth of Eleockaris kuroguwai Ohwi. Elongation of plumule and radicle, and the weights of tuber, rhizome and shoot were increased as tuber size is large. The weights of shoot and tuber reduced by bud planting without tuber at 15 days after budding, however number of tubers were increased compared with normal tuber. When cross-cutting tubers were seeded, the weights of shoot, rhizome and tuber were produced as 84%, 85%, 71%, respectively compared with normal tuber, and the number of tubers was not influenced. The weights of tuber, rhizome and shoot were lowed as the bud removal, and there were a great number of tubers at bud removal of 15 days after budding. Tuber of E. k, contained as nonfibrous 78.9gr, phosphorous 77mg, iron 16.8mg, niacin 1.3mg per 100gr edble portion. The positive correlations were observed between shoot weight and tuber weight, and number of tubers.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.264-281
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• 1996

As a consequence of wide use of herbicides, Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi became a dorminant problem weed for rice cultivation in Korea. To understand the establishment of the weed, experiments on physio-ecological characteristics were carried out sprouting and occurrence, the results could be summarized as follows: Sprouting percentage remained 68 to 73% until the time of field emergence, indicating many of the them are still dormant. The proportion of the dormant tubers were greater for the smaller than the bigger tubers. Apical dominance was apparent in sprouting, with 84% of tuber sprouted from only one of the apical buds. Tubers sprouted from 2 or 3 buds were less than 20%, and were mostly from the bigger tubers. When the shoot growth was compared, by controlling the others, ones from apical and the next 3 buds showed similar vigorous growth, but the later ones showed poorer growth. For the longevity of tubers, deep soil storage appeared to be better than storage in temperature controlled room to 2~$3^{\circ}C$. Emergence of E. kuroguwai was better in clay soil than in sand, and the possible depth for emergence in clay soil appeared to be up to 21cm, but was 15cm in sand. When tubers were exposed to salt solutions before emergence tests, E. kuroguwai appeared to be much sensitive to salts than S.planiculmis. Among the tubers formed in previous year, 12.7% remained still viable until the end of next crop season, but with relatively strong dormancy. The first emergence was about 10 days after planting at ordinary cropping seasons, and the days to the maximum shoot number stage were 60~90 from planting. The duration was extended at early transplanting, and shoot number, leaves per shoot, and tubers developed per plant were also greater at early plantings. The 6th order offshoots were developing when E. kuroguwai was planted at early season. When planted at later seasons, generation and the number of offshoots was reduced planted at early season. When planted at later seasons, generation and the number of offshoots was reduced and the number of tubers, runner and rhizome lengths was also reduced.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: Soil salinity of reclaimed tidal land in Korea is highly important factor. High salinity is harmful to crop productivity. Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is known to be salt-tolerant and has high adaptability to diverse pedo-climatic conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the changes of soil properties and crop productivity according to salt concentration in the reclaimed tidal lands. METHODS AND RESULTS: Experimental sites were selected at Saemangeum ($35^{\circ}46^{\prime}N$, $126^{\circ}37^{\prime}E$) reclaimed tidal land, and their dominant soil series were Munpo (coarse loamy, mixed, non-acid, mesic, typic Fluvaquents). H. tuberosus L were collected from 12 locations across Korea. Tubers were planted at $75{\times}25cm$ with EC 2 to $7dS\;m^{-1}$. Soil samples were periodically collected from both 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm depths of each site. Soil salinity and soil moisture contents were varied depending on weather conditions. Soil electrical conductivity varied from 1.0 to $5.9dS\;m^{-1}$, and soil moisture contents varied from 9.2 to 28.7%. The white-colored tubers of H. tuberosus L. collected from 'Yeongwol-gun' exhibited the highest height (207 cm), followed by the white-colored tubers of H. tuberosus L. collected from 'Iksan-si'(202 cm). The white-colored tubers of H. tuberosus L. collected from 'GyeongJu-si' showed the highest yield (549 kg/10a). The purple-colored tubers of H. tuberosus L. collected from 'Yeongwol-gun' showed the highest yield (615 kg/10a). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the plant height and tuber yield did not appear to be correlated. Considering yield and inulin content, the GyeongJu-si seemed to be suitable as the white-colored tubers of H. tuberosus L. and the Yeongwol-gun seemed to be suitable as the purple-colored tubers of H. tuberosus L. in the reclaimed tidal lands. However, it is necessary to consider the relationship between the inulin content and the yield.