• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.27-45
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• 2021

This study examines the effects of celebrity endorsed advertising from a new perspective of the prior research that emphasizes the matchup between the brand and the celebrity. Due to the recent sharing experiences of the celebrity and their fans on SNS, it is hypothesized that the shared stories would impact viewers' responses that are often expressed in their likes, dislikes, shares and comments on SNS. In this study, the episodic type of advertising is hypothesized to have more favorable and active responses from viewers than the typical celebrity image-focused ads would have. By crawling and analyzing viewers' responses on YouTube toward 12 BTS endorsed ads, the hypotheses are confirmed as higher ratio of likes, lower ratio of dislikes and significantly higher ratio of comments over both total views and total likes were found. For the rationale behind, total 1800 comments were categorized into 4 major content types such as attached, experiential, empathic and self-related ones that are all considered as important factors influencing the strong ad effect. The results showed that the episodic ads have marginally more emotional comments than the celeb image ads. The difference was only found in experiential and empathic responses but not in self-related responses. Contrary to the hypothesis, the comments expressing attachment were found more for the celebrity image-focused ads than the episodic ones. It does not seem to suggest that the celebrity image focused ads are better to capture viewers' attachment towards the celebrity and the ad endorsed, but that the episodic ads draw viewers into relatively deeper level of attachment such as empathy by perceiving the authenticity of the celebrity and the brand. In conclusion, the shared stories on SNS can be a factor in the match-up theory on celebrity endorsed ad effects.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.81 no.6
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• pp.715-728
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• 2022

A new type of buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) with a longitudinally profiled steel plate working as the core (LPBRB) is proposed and experimentally investigated. Different from conventional BRBs with a constant thickness core, both stiffness and strength of the longitudinally profiled steel core along its longitudinal direction can change through itself variable thickness, thus the construction of LPBRB saves material and reduces the processing cost. Four full-scale component tests were conducted under quasi-static cyclic loading to evaluate the seismic performance of LPBRB. Three stiffening methods were used to improve the fatigue performance of LPBRBs, which were bolt-assembled T-shaped stiffening ribs, partly-welded stiffening ribs and stiffening segment without rib. The experimental results showed LPBRB specimens displayed stable hysteretic behavior and satisfactory seismic property. There was no instability or rupture until the axial ductility ratio achieved 11.0. Failure modes included the out-of-plane buckling of the stiffening part outside the restraining member and core plate fatigue fracture around the longitudinally profiled segment. The effect of the stiffening methods on the fatigue performance is discussed. The critical buckling load of longitudinally profiled segment is derived using Euler theory. The local bulging behavior of the outer steel tube is analyzed with an equivalent beam model. The design recommendations for LPBRB are presented finally.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.617-631
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• 2022

To study the eccentric compressive performance of the basalt-fiber reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (BFRRAC)-filled circular steel tubular stub column, 8 specimens with different replacement ratios of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA), basalt fiber (BF) dosage, strength grade of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) and eccentricity were tested under eccentric static loading. The failure mode of the specimens was observed, and the relationship curves during the entire loading process were obtained. Further, the load-lateral displacement curve was simulated and verified. The influence of the different parameters on the peak bearing capacity of the specimens was analyzed, and the finite element analysis model was established under eccentric compression. Further, the design-calculation method of the eccentric bearing capacity for the specimens was suggested. It was observed that the strength failure is the ultimate point during the eccentric compression of the BFRRAC-filled circular steel tubular stub column. The shape of the load-lateral deflection curves of all specimens was similar. After the peak load was reached, the lateral deflection in the column was rapidly increased. The peak bearing capacity decreased on enhancing the replacement ratio or eccentric distance, while the core RAC strength exhibited the opposite behavior. The ultimate bearing capacity of the BFRRAC-filled circular steel tubular stub column under eccentric compression calculated based on the limit analysis theory was in good agreement with the experimental values. Further, the finite element model of the eccentric compression of the BFRRAC-filled circular steel tubular stub column could effectively analyze the eccentric mechanical properties.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.304-309
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• 2015

To evaluate the degree of contamination caused by oil spill accident in the sea, the in-situ sensors which are based on the scientific method are needed in the real site. The sensors which are based on the fluorescence detection theory can provide the useful data, such as the concentration of oil. However these kinds of sensors commonly are composed of the ultraviolet (UV) light source such as UV mercury lamp, the multiple excitation/emission filters and the optical sensor which is mainly photomultiplier tube (PMT) type. Therefore, the size of the total sensing platform is large not suitable to be handled in the oil spill field and also the total price of it is extremely expensive. To overcome these drawbacks, we designed the fluorimeter for the oil spill detection which has compact size and cost effectiveness. Before the detail design process, we conducted the experiments to measure the excitation and emission spectrum of oils using five different kinds of crude oils and three different kinds of processed oils. And the fluorescence spectrometer were used to analyze the excitation and emission spectrum of oil samples. We have compared the spectrum results and drawn the each common spectrum regions of excitation and emission. In the experiments, we can see that the average gap between maximum excitation and emission peak wavelengths is near 50 nm for the every case. In the experiment which were fixed by the excitation wavelength of 365 nm and 405 nm, we can find out that the intensity of emission was weaker than that of 280 nm and 325 nm. So, if the light sources having the wavelength of 365 nm or 405 nm are used in the design process of fluorimeter, the optical sensor needs to have the sensitivity which can cover the weak light intensity. Through the results which were derived by the experiment, we can define the important factors which can be useful to select the effective wavelengths of light source, photo detector and filters.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.8 no.2 s.28
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

An existing Steel pipe, Cast iron pipe and Concrete pipe is can not escaped from aging, specially Metal tube is causing many problems that the quality of water worse is concerned about many rust and mike efficient use of preservation of water. The use of Glassfiber Reinforced Plastic Pipe(GRP PIPE) should be one of the possible scheme to get over these problems. The GRP PIPE has an excellent resistance power and the life is lasting from 50 to 100 years roughly. It's to be useful as a result of high durability and a good construction work also it is a light weight therefore can be expected to short the time of construction and man power. In this research, to executed the small-scaled model test, in-situ model test using CLSM of in-situ soil and to evaluated the stress - strain of the pipe also try to estimated how useful is. From the model test in laboratory, the vertical and horizontal deformation of the GRP PIPE measured in six instance using 200mm and 300mm in diameters. The value of experimentation, theory, analysis got the same results of the test, but the vertical and horizontal deformation gauged in small and the earth pressure was almost zero using CLSM of in-situ soil..

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.316-329
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• 2012

In this paper, optimum design process of ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) torch, which has been used widely in aerospace application, such as supersonic plasma wind tunnel, is presented. For this purpose, the behaviors of equivalent circuit parameters (equivalent resistance and inductance, coupling efficiency) were investigated according to the variations of torch design parameters (frequency, $f$, confinement tube radius, $R$ and coil turn numbers, $N$) in the basis of analytical and numerical MHD (Magneto Hydro-Dynamics) models combined with electrical circuit theory. From the results, it is found that equivalent resistance is increased with the increase of $f$ values but vice versa for equivalent inductance. For elevated values of $R$ and $N$, however, both parameters tend to increase. Based on these observations, ICP torch with a power level of 10 kW can be optimized at the design ranges of $f$=4~6 MHz, $R$=17~25 mm and $N$=3~4 to maximize the electrical coupling efficiency, which is the ratio of equivalent resistance to equivalent inductance.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1-33
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• 1983

The role and function of nursing care nowadays, tend to acquire sophisicated technology because specialization has expended due to increase of the medical population and the improvement of national health standards. To implement nursing care independently as a professional nurse, the apprehension of specific knowledge and skill should be acquired during basic nursing education. So it is important for nursing education not only to include theory and actual techniques, but also to strengthen the practical training in the actual clinical setting. This study was carried out with the following objectives; 1. To survey the detailed content and frequency of actual nursing students display during their clinical training. 2. To investigate the detailed content and frequency of actual nursing behavior which students display in each clinical a area. 3. To identify the motive for selection of nursing as their major and to determine the degree of self confidence, extent of knowledge and recognition of nursing responsibility. 4. To observe the relationship between actual nursing behavior and each of the following; 1) Motive for selecting nursing as a major 2) Self confidence 3) Knowledge of nursing care 4) Recognition of nursing responsibility The conclusions of this study were as follows; 1. Among the detailed nursing behavior which junior nursing college students carry out in clinical training; taking respiration's showed the highest frequency, and taking body temperatures, blood pressures, and pulses and making beds were next in frequency in this order. 2. In detailed nursing behaviors according to clinical area; taking vital signs showed the highest frequency in the emergency room, pediatric ward, orthopedic ward, general surgical ward and internal medicine ward. However, in the operating room, assisting with endotracheal tube insertion and sterile techniques were showen to have the highest frequencies. In nursery, umbilical cord care and the measurement of body weight were the highest in frequency In neurosurgical ward, the measurement of vital signs, changing position and tracheostomy care were the highest in frequency. In obstetric and gynecological ward and in the delivery room, checking duration, intensity and frequency of contractions was the highest in frequency. 3. In regard to the motive for majoring in nursing, the aptitude and interest of the student had the highest percentage(32.86%), and self-confidence in nursing activities (M=3.36), knowledge in nursing activities.(M=3. 09), and the recognition of the nursing activity (M= 3.76) wire in the middle range. 4. When the detailed nursing behaviors were compared with motive, self confidence, knowledge and recognition, it was found that when the nursing behavior was difficult and regarding much endeavor although the motive was high, the frequency of the nursing behavior was rather low. But in the cases in which there was much self confidence and a high level of skill was required, nursing behavior was carried more frequently. When there was muck self confidence and skill was not required, the frequency of nursing behavior was rather low. In the cases of a high level of knowledge, the frequency of nursing behavior was low and when recognition for nursing behavior was given the frequency of nursing behavior was low.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.363-372
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• 2000

The present study investigated flow dynamics of a straight elastic blood vessel under sinusoidal flow conditions in order to understand influence of wall motion and impedance phase angle(time delay between pressure and flow waveforms) on wall shear stress distribution using computational fluid dynamics. For the straight elastic tube model considered in the our method of computation. The results showed that wall motion induced additional terms in the axial velocity profile and the pressure gradient. These additional terms due to wall motion reduced the amplitude of wall shear stress and also changed the mean wall shear stress. Te trend of the changes was very different depending on the impedance phase angle. As the wall shear stress increased. As the phase angle was reduced from 0$^{\circ}$to -90$^{\circ}$for ${\pm}$4% wall motion case, the mean wall shear stress decreased by 10.5% and the amplitude of wasll shear stress increased by 17.5%. Therefore, for hypertensive patients vulnerable state to atherosclerosis according to low and oscillatory shear stress theory.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.33-51
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• 2022

Purpose: The online market is growing the most in history due to the expansion of non-face-to-face commerce. In addition, as consumers' interest in health, food safety, and environment increases, interest in and consumption of eco-friendly agricultural products is also increasing. Therefore, in the case of a specialty store that sells eco-friendly organic agricultural products, a marketing strategy that can increase customer loyalty by reflecting these consumer needs is necessary. In this study, the store attributes of eco-friendly food stores are classified into location, assortment, price, quality, and employee service, and the effect of each store attribute on utilitarian and hedonic value is investigated. Research design, data, and methodology: The subjects of this study were customers who visited an eco-friendly food store. Of the 511 survey responses, 311 were used for statistical verification, excluding 200 who had not visited within the last 3 months. For statistical analysis, Smart PLS 3.0 was used, and after checking the validity and reliability of the items, hypothesis testing was performed. Result: As a result of the study, it was found that assortment, quality, and employee service among store attributes had a positive (+) effect on utilitarian and hedonic value. Second, location had no significant effect on utilitarian and hedonic value. Third, price did not appear to have a positive (+) effect on the utilitarian value, and it was found to have a positive (+) effect on the hedonic value. Fourth, It was investigated whether the presence or absence of delivery service had an effect on store attributes between utilitarian and hedonic value, and it was found that there was a significant effect between employee service and hedonic value. Conclusions: Among eco-friendly food store environment management will be required in order to provide food that meets the tastes and needs of consumers by diversifying the taste, standard, and quality grade of food, and to maintain or improve the quality. In order to unlike other stores, eco-friendly food stores have high price resistance from the point of view of consumers, so it is necessary to diversify promotional media such as YouTube and SNS to raise awareness of eco-friendly organic food.

• Trans-
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• v.15
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• pp.57-79
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• 2023

This study aims to explore the strategies and effects of SNS images used by four popular male beauty influencers to gain identification with their female fans. The research selected four male beauty influencers, namely Li Jiaqi, Jeffree Star, James Charles, and Bretman Rock, with a high number of subscribers on Instagram, YouTube, and TikTok as of July 21, 2023. By observing the content they posted on SNS, the study analyzed the types, characteristics, and relevance of male beauty influencer images with their female fans using Lacan's gaze theory. Additionally, concepts related to gaze, such as the mirror stage, the screen, and objet petit a, were supplemented to conduct an in-depth analysis of the characteristics of male beauty influencer images and the motivations of female viewers. The study results suggest that male beauty influencers can maintain an intimate relationship, referred to as 'girl-friendship,' with their female fans through the identification formed by the homogeneity within the feminized mirror images. Furthermore, male beauty influencers can transform female viewers from being seen as objects to seeing them as subjects by presenting images that embrace diversity in gender identity, challenging the traditional notions of societal gender norms. Therefore, the images of male beauty influencers not only challenge gender stereotypes but also cater to the demands for independence and equality of modern young women, promote understanding of feminine gaze, and explore the potential for democratization and inclusivity on social media platforms from a new perspective.