• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.621-629
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• 2000

A marine bacterium producing carotenoid was isolated from the Yosu coastal area of South Korea, and has been recorded as MCPBK-1. It was identified as Curtobacterium sp.. The optimum conditions of marine carotenoid fermentation from Cutobacterium sp. were pH 7.0, a temperature of $25^{\circ}C$, 4 mM fructose as a carbon source, 0.07% tryptone as a nitrogen source, 0.5 mM $M^{+2}$ ion as a mineral source and $1{\;}\mu\textrm{M}$ of cyanocobalamine as a growth factor in a $7{\;}\ell$ jar-fermentor. 13.0 mg/ml of the marine carotenoid were produced under optimum conditions. The crude marine carotenoid isolated was composed of 5 different compounds, i.e : tunaxanthin(86.6%), diatoxanthin (7.1%), ${\beta}-carotene$ (2.1%), canthaxanthin(1.9%) and cynthiaxanthin (1.9%). Physiological properties including antibacterial activity, cytotoxic effect, antioxidative effect and free radical scavenging activity were characterized with the crude carotenoid, which exhibited no antibacterial activity against E. coli and Lactobacillus bulgaricus, but a strong cytotoxic effect against cancer cells such as HepG2 (Hepatocellular carcinoma, human, ATCC HB-8065) and HeLa (Cervical carcinoma, human, ATCC CCL-2) cells, the ratios of impediment were 86.4% and 39.2%, respectively. This carotenoid, also, expressed a strong antioxidative effect (83%) against CCL-13 (diploid, monotypic hepatocyte, human, ATCC CCL-13) and exhibited free radical scavenging activity (43.4%) when using at a concentration of $50{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ of the crude carotenoid.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.489-495
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• 1998

The optimum culture condition of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis for the production of ${\alpha}$-galactosidase was as follows: Tryptone 1.5%, $NH_4NO_3$ 0.2%, Raffinose 2.5%, $KH_2PO_4$ 0.5%, yeast extract 0.5%, pH 7.0, $27^{\circ}C$. The optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme activity of ${\alpha}$-galactosidase producing Scopulariopsis brevicaulis were pH 7.0 and $27^{\circ}C$, respectively. The enzyme was relatively stable at $pH\;6.0{\sim}8.0$ and at temperature below $40^{\circ}C$. The activity of the enzyme was inhibited by $Ag^{2+},\;Hg^{2+},\;Cu^{2+}$, p-chloromercuribenzoic acid and Iodine. These results would indicate the presence of -SH groups in the catalytic site of the enzyme. Km value was 1.9 mM for $p-nitrophenyl-{\alpha}-D-galactopyranoside$ and Vmax value was $9.66{\times}10^2\;{\mu}M/min$. Sugar constituents of culture broth were identified by HPLC that the enzyme liberated sucrose, glucose and fructose from raffinose and raffinose was significantly decreased.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2004

To differentiate commercial bifidobacteia for Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12, Bif. longum Bb-536 and Bif. infantis Maeil-K9, we studied the various carbon source, the nitrogen sources and antibiotics. Amygdalin and fructose were good candidates for carbon sources, and tryptone was suitable for nitrogen sources to design a new selective media for three commercial bifidobacteria. In the case of the amygdalin-containing medium as carbon sources, Bif. lactis Bb-12 and Bif. infantis Maeil-K9 showed good growth, and in fructose-containing medium, Bif. longum Bb-536 showed good growth. In antibiotics resistance study, the addition of 1 mg/L doxycyclin was very effective for differentiation of each bifidobacteria. Doxycyclin did not affect the growth of Bif. lactis Bb-12 and Bif. infantis Maeil-K9, but Bif. longum Bb-536 was completely inhibited by doxycyclin. Finally to confirm the selection capability of newly designed selective media, temperature-shocked bifidobacteria were cultured on them. As the results, fructose or doxycyclin containing medium showed for high growth for temperature-shocked bifidobacteria, but amygdalin containing medium showed low growth of temperature-shocked bifidobacteria.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.250-258
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• 2019

Peniphora sp. JS17, isolated from forest old tree, produced extracellular enzymes that decolorized human hair melanin. The JS17 strain had laccase and manganese peroxidase activity while it did not has lignin peroxidase activity. Batch culture indicated that the melanin decolorization activity of JS17 strain originated from laccase. The culture conditions to maximize the production of melanin bleaching enzymes from Peniophora sp. JS17 mycelia were investigated. Among the tested media for the laccase production, minimal medium (2% glucose, 0.2% malt extract, 0.1% $KH_2PO_4$, 0.4% $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$) showed the highest activity of laccase. Then, to optimize the culture condition for the laccase activity, the influence of various carbon and nitrogen sources was investigated in minimal medium. Among various carbon and nitrogen sources, 2% xylose and 0.4% tryptone showed the highest production of laccase, respectively. The enzyme was purified using $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ precipitation and Hitrap Q sepharose column, and the purified enzyme showed two isoenzymatic bands with molecular masses of about 70 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The melanin decolorization activity was 77% and 55% within 48 h in the presence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) and syringaldehyde, respectively, whereas only about 9% melanin decolorized in case of no mediator.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.695-703
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• 2008

A locally isolated thermophile, Geobacillus sp. SAB-40, producing thermostable extracellular amylase constitutively and an induced intracellular ${\beta}$-galactosidase was characterized and identified based on 16S rRNA sequencing. A phylogenetic analysis then revealed its closeness to Geobacillus stearothermophilus. To evaluate the effect of the culture conditions on the coproduction of both enzymes by G stearothermophilus SAB-40, a Plackett-Burman fractional factorial design was applied to determine the impact of twenty variables. Among the tested variables, $CaCI_2$, the incubation time, $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$, and tryptone were found to be the most significant for encouraging amylase production. Lactose was found to promote ${\beta}$-galactosidase production, whereas starch had a significantly negative effect on lactase production. Based on a statistical analysis, a preoptimized medium attained the maximum production of amylase and ${\beta}$-galactosidase at 23.29 U/ml/ min and 12,958 U/mg biomass, respectively, which was 3-and 2-fold higher than the yield of amylase and lactase obtained with the basal medium, respectively.

• Mycobiology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.88-92
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• 2008

Vegetative growth of four different strains of Hericium erinaceus was observed. The temperature suitable for optimal mycelial growth was determined to be $25^{\circ}C$, with growth observed in the extend temperature range of $20{\sim}30^{\circ}C$. The different strains of this mushroom showed distinct pH requirements for their optimum vegetative growth, with the most favorable growth observed at pH 6. Considering vegetative mycelial growth, PDA, YM, Hennerberg, Hamada, and Glucose peptone were the most favorable media, and Czapek Dox, Hoppkins, Glucose tryptone, and Lilly were the most unfavorable media for these mushroom strains. With the exception of lactose, most of the carbon sources assayed demonstrated favorable vegetative growth of H. erinaceus. For mycelial growth, the most suitable nitrogen source was alanine and the most unsuitable was histidine. Oak sawdust medium supplemented with $10{\sim}20%$ rice bran was the best for mycelial growth of the mushroom.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.137-140
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• 2000

Marine microorganism strain 96CJ10356 produced exopolysaccharides, designated as EPS-R. To optimize culture conditions for the production of EPS-R, carbon, nitrogen, mineral salt, temperature, and pH were examined. STN medium was suggested as follow; sucrose 20, tryptone 10, NaCl 10, $MgSO_4$ 5, $CaCl_2$ 1, $KH_2PO_4$ 0.0076, $K_2HPO_4$ 0.0083, $FeCl_2$ 0.005, $MnCl_2$ 0.001, $NaMoO_4$ 0.001, $ZnCl_2$ 0.001 (g/1) and pH 7.0 About 9.23 g/l of EPS-R was obtained from the STN medium after cultivation for 120 h at $25^{\circ}C$ in 5-liter jar fermentor with an aeration rate of 0.17 vvm. Apparent viscosity and flocculation activity of the culture broth were increased with the production of the EPS-R and the maximal values were reached to 415 cp and 1400 units/ml against 0.5 % activated carbon, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.469-477
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• 2008

The aerobic photosynthetic bacterium, which produces bacterial carotenoids was isolated and identified from coastal marine environments. This bacterium was identified by 16S rDNA sequencing and designated as Erythrobacter longus SY-46. E. longus SY-46 was Gram negative and rod shape, and the optimal culture conditions were $25^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0, and 3.0% NaCl concentration, respectively. The carbon and nitrogen sources required for the optimal growth were lactose and tryptone, respectively. Fatty acid compositions of E. longus SY-46 were $C_{18:1}$(78.32%), v-linolenic acid($C_{18:3n9.12.15c}:3.83%$), margaric acid($C_{17:0}$: 3.38%), palmitic acid($C_{16:0}$: 3.07%), and docosahexaenoic acid($C_{22:6n3}$: 2.21%). In addition, E. longus SY-46 showed the characteristic absorption peaks of bacterial carotenoids(in the region of 450 to 480 nm) and bacteriochlorophyll(770 to 772 nm). Major carotenoids of E. longus SY-46 were polyhydroxylated xanthophylls such as fucoxanthin and zeaxanthin.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.354-359
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• 1997

Optimal cultivation conditions for the production of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL) from Rhodotorula aurantiaca K-505 were selected, and the kinetic parameters of the produced PAL were determined. The most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources were glucose and tryptone, respectively. The strain expressed PAL constituttively when using the optimized semi-complex media. High cell density culture could be critical for maximal production of PAl since the PAL ynthesis was growth associated. maximum PAL activity was observed at initial pH 6.0. although the ll growth was not markedly affected by temperature between 22 and 28$^{\circ}C$, the cells yielded the maximum PAL activity when cultivated at 22$^{\circ}C$. The maximum activity for deamination of L-phenylalnine to trans-cinnamic acid was observed around pH 8.8. The PAL activity gave the maximum at 45$^{\circ}C$, and greatly decreased at higher than 5$0^{\circ}C$. Activation energy({TEX}$E_{a}${/TEX}) calculated from Arrhenius equation was 6.28 kcal/mol in the range of 22$^{\circ}C$ to 4$0^{\circ}C$. A oolf plot showed that the enzyme reaction follows Michaelis-Menten equation, whose {TEX}$K_{M}${/TEX} and {TEX}$V_{max}${/TEX} values were 4.65$\times${TEX}$10^{-3}${/TEX} M and 0.89$\mu$ mol/mg-min respectively.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.12 no.2 s.29
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• pp.168-183
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate quality characteristics of roll bread with the addition of Chungkukjang powder(0, 5, 10, 15, 20%). The antioxidative activity of antioxidative substances produced from several bacterial strains isolated from fermented foods were tested by DPPH $(\alpha,\alpha’-diphenyl-\beta-picrylhydrazyl)$ free radical scavenging activity. The most optimal medium condition for the production of antioxidative substance from Bacillus sp. FF-7 was 2% galactose as carbon source and 1% tryptone as nitrogen source. In color values, with increasing Chungkukjang powder content, the "lightness" (p<0.05) decreased in the crumb bread, while the redness(p<0.05) and yellowness(p<0.05) increased. The volume and specific volume of roll bread with 5.0% Chungkukjang powder were the highest(p<0.05). In the rheology measurements for the roll bread, the hardness (p<0.05) decreased with the addition of 5.0% Chungkukjang powder, but then increased with further additions of Chungkukjang up to 10.0%. Highest sensory scores for color, flavor, taste(p<0.05), texture(p<0.05) and overall acceptance(p<0.05) were obtained from roll bread with 5.0% Chungkukjang powder and control. From the results of this study, it was assumed that the development of food products using Chungkukjang is prospective in response to health-oriented consumers.