• 한국조리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조리학회 2004년도 IFMCS 2004 제1회 외식ㆍ조리ㆍ호텔 식음료 국제 학술대회
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• pp.101-111
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• 2004

소믈리에는 고대부터 존재한 직업이지만, 현재도 지속적으로 발전하고 있다. 따라서 점점 직업이 세분화되어 가고 있어 소믈리에는 적절한 교육 훈련을 받고, 건전한 세계적인 문화 역사 등의 지식, 예리한 와인 테스팅 감각 그리고 인간관계를 원만하게 하는 자질을 갖추고 있어야 한다. 모든 기술은 소믈리에가 레스토랑에서 가장 정확하고 표준화된 서비스 방법으로 노하우를 쌓을 경우에 효과적인 경험을 하게 된다. 사람들이 보는 다양한 관점은 모두 옳은 것으로서 와인 구매 업무, 셸러 관리, 와이 리스트 제작 방법, 고객 관리, 음식과 어울리는 와인의 추천 등을 원활하게 수행해야 한다. 그러나 이러한 직무들은 이미 알고 있는 사항들이며, 소믈리에는 영업의 규모, 와인 판매량을 늘이면서 철저한 고객 관리를 해야 한다. 이러한 사항에 있어서 전문가는 영업장, 상품 마케팅, 판매량과 영업회계 업무를 담당하고 최종적으로 소믈리에가 담당하고 있는 식당의 와인 판매량에 대해 책임을 져야 한다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.402-409
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• 2017

We performed seed germination tests to investigate the effects of seed sowing orientation on germination viability on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) sprouts. Specifically, we assessed the influence of seed sowing orientation on germination rate, seedling weight, and seedling length, as well as the seedling vigor index. The seeds were sown in oak tree sawdust at 3.0 cm depth. Four seed orientations were tested: vertical with the hypocotyl end down, vertical with the hypocotyl end up, horizontal with the hypocotyl end down, and horizontal with the hypocotyl end up. The mean seed germination percentages of the four seed orientations were significantly different (p < 0.01) and ranged from 25 to 91.7%. The vertical orientation with hypocotyl-end-down and hypocotyl-end-up orientations showed the highest (91.7%) and lowest (25%) germination rates, respectively. The vertical orientation with the hypocotyl end down produced the heaviest (4.9 g) seedlings and the longest hypocotyls (4.65 cm). This orientation also produced the longest true leaf + epycotyl (2.15 cm) and had the highest seedling vigor index (197.1). The seedlings had a straight growth pattern, whereas seedlings from seeds sown with the hypocotyl up had an awkward plumular hook shape. Taken together, to produce peanut sprouts, we recommend placing the seeds vertically with the hypocotyl end down because this orientation leads to a high germination rate, high biomass production, and high overall seedling quality.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.75-81
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• 1998

자연계로부터 분리한 효모중에서 새우젓으로부터 분리한 효모균주 504D가 alkaline 조건에서 가장 우수한 proteinase 생산성을 보여 분류동정하였다. 분리효모의 형태학적 특성은 주로 영양세포로 출아증식을 하였으나, citric acid가 함유된 MM 배지에서만 위균사를 형성하였고, N-acetylglucosamin과 ${\beta}$-D-glucose가 첨가된 MM 배지에서만 진균사를 형성하였다. 유성적으로 자낭포자를 형성함으로써 반자낭균류이었고, 무성적으로 출아포자 및 분절 포자를 형성하였다. 생리생화학적인 특성으로 대부분의 탄소원과 nitrate 및 nitrate를 이용하지 못하였으나 일부 유기산과 알콜류를 이용하였다. 세포지방산을 분석한 결과, 불포화지방산 53.67%와 포화지방산 14.58%로 나타났으며, 대조균들에는 관찰되지 않는 C17:1이 관찰되었다. 전체적인 실험결과에서 분리균은 균사형성능과 세포지방산의 조성에서 약간의 차이를 제외하면 대조균 Saccharomycopsis lipolytica KCCM 12495 및 KCCM 35426의 모든 특성들과 거의 동일하여 분리효모 504D를 Yarrowia lipolytica로 동정하였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.185-189
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• 2006

It is the actual state of the medical society in our country that many graduates of medical schools want to be clinicians, and accordingly Korea's medical situation is relatively too focused on curative medicine. However, this situation is changing due to several factors including a growing number of doctors, inappropriate regulations for medical fees, changes in social status of doctors themselves, and excessive competition between doctors. Furthermore, we expect more advances in medical field of Korea since Korean government started to attach great importance to sciences and produced policies to support sciences, and as a result, more and more interest and effort in the fields of basic research including preventive medicine is being attached especially by young doctors as compared against the past. However, decline of clinical medicine fields doesn't always mean bright future for the field of preventive medicine. True future is possible and meaningful only when we prepare for it by ourselves. In other words, as the promising future is closed to one who spares no effort, we shouldn't fear to oppose unknown challenges and simultaneously need to support colleagues who bear such a positive mind. It is the most important thing for our preventive medicine doctors to evaluate the past and the present of preventive medicine and to foster a prospective mind to prepare for the future of preventive medicine. I set forth my several views according to directions for the development of preventive medicine which we already discussed and publicized in the academic circle of preventive medicine. Those directions are recommendation of clinical preventive medicine, promotion of preventive medicine specialty, fostering the next generations, improving the quality of genetic epidemiologic study, participation in control of environmental pollution and food safety, contribution to chronic disease control, and preparation to role in medical services for unified Korea.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.598-609
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• 2017

Pediococcus pentosaceus ID-7 was isolated from kimchi, a Korean fermented food, and it showed high activity for lactose hydrolysis. The ${\beta}$-galactosidase of P. pentosaceus ID-7 belongs to the GH2 group, which is composed of two distinct proteins. The heterodimeric LacLM type of ${\beta}$-galactosidase found in P. pentosaceus ID-7 consists of two genes partially overlapped, lacL and lacM encoding LacL (72.2 kDa) and LacM (35.4 kDa). In this study, Escherichia coli MM294 was used for the production of LacL, LacM, and LacLM. These three types of recombinant proteins were expressed, purified, and characterized. The specific activities of LacLM and LacL were 339 and 31 U/mg, respectively. However, activity was not detected with LacM alone. The optimal pH of LacLM and LacL was pH 7.5 and pH 7.0, and the optimal temperature of LacLM and LacL was $40^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$, respectively. The optimal temperature changes indicate that LacLM is able to achieve higher activity at a relatively lower temperature. LacLM was strongly activated by $Mg^{2+}$, $Mn^{2+}$, and $Zn^{2+}$, which was not true for LacL. Consistent with this, EDTA strongly inactivated LacLM and LacL, but the presence of reducing agents did not dramatically alter the activity. Taken together, multiple alignment of amino acid sequences and phylogenetic analysis results of LacL and LacM of P. pentosaceus ID-7 suggest the evolution of LacL into LacLM and that the use of divalent metal ions results in higher activity.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 서울의 입지와 시가지 확대 과정을 지형 환경과 관련시켜 살펴보고자 한다. 시기별로 시가지 범위를 추출하여 지형조건과 관련시켜 분석해본 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 서울의 시가지 발달은 청계천 분지에서 시작되어 청계천 분지 밖 구릉지와 하천주변의 저습지로 확대되었다. 저습지 개발은 일제강점기에 한강지류 주변의 저습지가 개발되기 시작되어 본류주변의 저습지 개발로 확대되었고，마지막으로 한강 본지류가 만나는 합류점 부근의 대규모 저습지가 개발되었다. 그런데 저습지 개발에는 발달된 토목기술과 많은 자본투자가 필요하므로 저습지는 상대적으로 개발시기가 늦을 뿐만 아니라 개발된 이후에도 침수피해방지에 많은 비용이 추가되고 있다. 이는 서울과 같은 대도시에도 시가지 확대에는 지형환경의 영향이 크게 작용하였으며, 지형환경의 영향은 과거에만 중요했던 것이 아니라 과학기술이 고도로 발달된 오늘날에도 여전히 작용하고 있다는 것을 시사한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.651-660
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• 2006

Natural products are a rich source of biologically active small molecules and a fertile area for lead discovery of new drugs [10, 52]. For instance, 5% of the 1,031 new chemical entities approved as drugs by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) were natural products between 1981 and 2002, and another 23% were natural product-derived molecules [53]. These molecules have evolved through millions of years of natural selection to interact with biomolecules in the cells or organisms and offer unrivaled chemical and structural diversity [14, 37]. Nonetheless, a large percentage of nature remains unexplored, in particular, in the marine and microbial environments. Therefore, natural products are still major valuable sources of innovative therapeutic agents for human diseases. However, even when a natural product is found to exhibit biological activity, the cellular target and mode of action of the compound are mostly mysterious. This is also true of many natural products that are currently under clinical trials or have already been approved as clinical drugs [11]. The lack of information on a definitive cellular target for a biologically active natural product prevents the rational design and development of more potent therapeutics. Therefore, there is a great need for new techniques to expedite the rapid identification and validation of cellular targets for biologically active natural products. Chemical genomics is a new integrated research engine toward functional studies of genome and drug discovery [40, 69]. The identification and validation of cellular receptors of biologically active small molecules is one of the key goals of the discipline. This eventually facilitates subsequent rational drug design, and provides valuable information on the receptors in cellular processes. Indeed, several biologically crucial proteins have already been identified as targets for natural products using chemical genomics approach (Table 1). Herein, the representative case studies of chemical genomics using natural products derived from microbes, marine sources, and plants will be introduced.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.124-145
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• 1970

The author carried out this study to research the biological value of the protein fermented wheat bran. This study mainly devided into two parts. First part includes seven subgroups composed of five rats and second part fourteen subgroups composed of six rats each. In the first part of this study forty weanling male rats, aged 40${\pm}$5 days were fed by fermented wheat bran diet for seven weeks. In second part of this study 90 male weanling rats were fed by rice and soybean diet supplemented by fermented wheat bran. In the first part of this study food consumption rate of fermented group showed higher than standard group but the former group is lower than the later in the body weight gains. In the second part of this study, rice groups showed same trend of the result of the first part, but soybean groups did not go along with the result of rice group. In regard to body nitrogen retention rate, fermented wheat diet group showed higher than the standard group in the first part of this study. In the second part of this study rice diet groups revealed same result as that of the first part of this study but soybean diet did not give the same result in this respect. There was no significant difference in organ weight in all experimental groups but devided by 100 gram of body weight, the reverse is true in compare with body weight gains. Hematological investigation did not show the significance in both experimental and standard groups of the first and the second studies. It is conclusion of this study that rice which is inferior to soybean in protein quality, increases the rate of supplementary effect by fermented wheat bran in all respects of this study.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.247-261
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• 1991

This Study is designed to present the concret data on the contents of the economic role and their change in the recent decade among women in a Korean Village. The Case Study method was used and the data was obtained through the participant observation. This Study is composed of the three parts. The first part deals with the effect of the agricultural mechanization upon the agricultural labor pattern of women. The second part examines how the introduction of a golf course and the textile factory in the vinicity affects the labor pattern among village women. The last part tries to demonstrate that the increasing contribution of women to the village economy has not yet produced any positive effect to their social status in the village. This is seen through the detailed description of two important village activities, one social(Tae dong-Gae) and the other ritual (Mokshinjae). The Results of the Study can be summarized as fallows. Firstly, the mechanization of farming is responsible for the increasing marginalization of women's labor in farming. This is particularly true for rice cultivation. Horticulture is still cultivated by women. As the mechanization progresses further, this trend will be more articulated. Secondly, it is found that women are actively utilizing the new external economic opportunities. In fact they are found to prefer those non-farming works to the traditional farming work. The former offers them less burdened work, less working hours, and more income than the letter. Lastly, women are found to be completely excluded from the process of the two important village activities. Only men are participants in them, and women only provides the labor for preparation of food and the necessary chores.

• BMB Reports
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.519-524
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• 1996

Peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPlase) catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of prolyl peptide and facilitates the folding of cellular proteins and peptides. PPlase consists of two distinct immunophilins, each specifically binding to the immunosupressive drug cyclosporin A (CsA) or FK506, respectively. A PPlase was isolated and partially purified from porcine spleen. The molecular weight of porcine spleen PPlase was determined to be ~14,000 on the basis of SDS-PAGE. The purified enzyme was strongly inhibited by FK506, but not by CsA. The inhibition constant and the true concentration of enzyme preparations were determined by active site titration using the tight binding inhibitor FK506: $K_{i}=18.7$ nM and $E_{t}=172$ nM. The equilibrium ratio of conformer. [cis]/[trans], of prolyl peptide substrates (N-Suc-Ala-Xaa-Pro-Phe-p-NA) in anhydrous trifluoroethanol/LiCl solvent system varied from 0.24 to 0.85 depending on the nature of Xaa. Overall. in this solvent-salt system, the populations of the cis conformer of substrates in equilibrium are higher than in an aqueous solution so that the substantial error caused by high background absorption can be reduced. The reactivities of porcine spleen PPlase are shown to be highly sensitive to changes in the structure of substrates. Thus, $k_{cat}/K_m$ value for the most reactive substrate (Xaa Leu) is $4.007+10^{6}M^{1}s^{1}$ and, is 2,636 fold higher than that for the least reactive peptide substrate tested, Xaa=Glu.