• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.271-278
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• 2021

In this paper, a tropospheric delay error was calculated by using meteorological data collect from weather station and Saastamoinen model, and an empirical variogram of the tropospheric delay in the Korean peninsula was estimated. In order to estimate the empirical variogram of the tropospheric delay according to weather condition, sunny day, rainy day, and typhoon day were selected as analysis days. Analysis results show that a maximum correlation range of the empirical variogram on sunny day was about 560 km because there is overall trend of the tropospheric delay. On the other hand, the maximum correlation range of the empirical variogram on rainy was about 150 km because the regional variation was large. Although there is regional variation when the typhoon exists, there is a trend of the tropospheric delay due to a movement of the typhoon. Therefore, the maximum correlation range of the empirical variogram on typhoon day was about 280 km which is between sunny and rainy day.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2013

When pseudolite navigation system is applied to wide area, the tropospheric delay is the main error factor. In this study, we experimentally compared and analyzed the performance of the conventional pseudolite tropospheric delay models. The integration method using radiosonde meteorological data was suggested to derive the reference value for the comparison and analysis. Flight tests were carried out to analyze the performance of the tropospheric delay models according to the elevation angle and distance conditions between the user receiver and the pseudolite. As the results of this study, we provided the basis for the choice of tropospheric delay model appropriate to the relative location characteristics of the pseudolite and the user.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2023

In this paper, impacts of tropospheric delay gradient correction on PPP positioning performance were analyzed. A correction for tropospheric delay error due to the gradient was created and applied using external data, and reference station data were collected on a sunny day and a rainy day to analyze the GPS only dual-frequency PPP positioning results. As a result, on the sunny day, the convergence time was about 35 minutes and the final 3D position error was 10 cm, regardless of whether the correction for the tropospheric delay error by the gradient was applied. On the other hand, on the rainy day, the 3D position error converges only when the correction was applied, and the convergence time was about 34 minutes. Furthermore, the final 3D position error was improved from 30 cm to 10 cm. In addition, the analysis of the PPP by reference station location on the rainy day showed that the PPP positioning performance was improved when the correction was applied to a user located in an area where the weather changes.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제63권12호
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• pp.1690-1696
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• 2014

Network RTK generates spatial corrections by using differenced measurements from reference stations in the network, and the corrections are then provided to a rover. The rover, generally, uses linear interpolation, which assumes that the corrections at each reference station are spatially correlated, to obtain a precise correction of its location. However, an irregularity of the tropospheric delay is a real-world factor that violates this assumption. Tropospheric delay is a result of weather conditions, such as humidity, temperature and pressure, and it can cause spatial decorrelation when there are changes in the local climate. In this paper, we have defined the non-linear characteristics of the tropospheric delay between reference stations or user within a region as the "irregularity of tropospheric delay". Such an irregularity can negatively impact the network RTK performance. Therefore, we analyze the influence of the irregularity of tropospheric delay in network RTK based on meteorological data.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 한반도 지역에서 SBAS (satellite based augmentation system) 대류층 지연 보정 모델의 정확도 성능을 검증하였다. 정확도 분석을 위한 대류층 지연량 참값으로 IGS (International GNSS Service)에서 제공하는 정밀 대류층 천정 지연량인 ZPD(zenith path delay) 데이터를 활용하였다. 그리고 대표적인 대류층 지연 모델인 Saastamoinen 모델 및 Hopfield 모델과 성능을 비교하였다. 그 결과 SBAS 대류층 지연 보정 모델의 잔여 오차는 약 50 mm 수준으로, Saastamoinen 모델 및 Hopfield 모델보다 성능이 떨어졌다. 이 대류층 지연 모델에 의한 잔여오차는 SBAS 정확도 요구조건에는 문제가 없지만, 사용자 측위 성능에는 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 만약 한반도 기상 환경에 적합하도록 SBAS 대류층 보정 모델의 기상 파라미터를 수정한다면, 더 좋은 성능의 SBAS 서비스를 한반도에 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.271-278
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• 2016

Localized atmospheric conditions between multi-reference stations can bring the tropospheric delay irregularity that becomes an error terms affecting positioning accuracy in network RTK environment. Imbalanced network error can affect the network solutions and it can corrupt the entire network solution and degrade the correction accuracy. If an anomaly could be detected before the correction message was generated, it is possible to eliminate the anomalous satellite that can cause degradation of the network solution during the tropospheric delay anomaly. An atmospheric grid that consists of four meteorological stations was used to detect an inhomogeneous weather conditions and tropospheric anomaly applied AWSs (automatic weather stations) meteorological data. The threshold of anomaly detection algorithm was determined based on the statistical weather data of AWSs for 5 years in an atmospheric grid. From the analytic results of anomaly detection algorithm it showed that the proposed algorithm can detect an anomalous satellite with an anomaly flag generation caused tropospheric delay anomaly during localized atmospheric conditions between stations. It was shown that the different precipitation condition between stations is the main factor affecting tropospheric anomalies.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2016

Tropospheric delay is one of the largest error source in pseudolite navigation system. Because a pseudolite is installed on the ground and transmits its signal to a user in the air or on the ground, the conventional tropospheric delay model developed for a satellite navigation doesn't work properly. In this paper, performance analysis of several pseudolite tropospheric delay models has been done using meteorological data. Based on the result, a new compensation method for Hopfield model has been proposed.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.380-388
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• 2000

이 연구는 GPS를 이용한 서울-제천지역에 대한 대류층 천정 지연 분석에 관한 것이다. 다양한 기상조건하에서 정확도를 보장하는 GPS 측위를 위하여 대류층 천정 지연과 GPS 정밀도와의 연관성을 분석하였다. Bernese 4.0소프트웨어로 산출한 대류층 천정 지연값의 증가시 GPS 측위 오차도 증가하였다. 대류층에 의한 오차는 평균 20 cm 였으며, 보정 모델 사용시 모두 5cm 범위내로 줄일 수 있었으며, 보정 모델 간에는 차이가 거의 없었다. GPS 측위오차와 대류층 천정 지연의 상관관계를 밝힘으로써 전선의 이동상황을 모니터링할 수 있으며 이는 GPS 기준망의 확장으로 가능할 것이다.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.371-377
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• 2021

This research proposes the best combination of tropospheric delay models for Korean Positioning System (KPS). The overall results are based on real observation data of Japanese Quasi-Zenith satellite system (QZSS), whose constellation is similar to the proposed constellation of KPS. The tropospheric delay models are constructed as the combinations of three types of zenith path delay (ZPD) models and four types of mapping functions (MFs). Two sets of International GNSS Service (IGS) stations with the same receiver are considered. Comparison of observation residuals reveals that the ZPD models are more influential to the measurement model rather than MFs, and that the best tropospheric delay model is the combination of GPT3 with 5 degrees grid and Vienna Mapping Function 1 (VMF1). While the bias of observation residual depends on the receivers, it still remains to be further analyzed.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제30권6_2호
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• pp.673-680
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• 2012

Long-term GPS data analysis was performed in order to analyze the seasonal variation of tropospheric delay and the success rate of the ambiguity resolution. For this analysis, a total of 57 stations including 10 IGS stations in East Asia were processed together with double-differenced observables using Bernese GPS Software V5.0. The time span for this study ranges from 2002.0 to 2012.5 (10.5 years). The average baseline length is 339.0 km and the maximum reaches up to 2,000 km. The analysis is focused on two things: the annual variation of the tropospheric delay and the ambiguity resolution rate. The tropospheric delay is closely related to the weather condition, especially relative humidity, therefore it was estimated that the maximum would be in summer, while reaching its minimum in winter with the apparent seasonal variations. On the contrary, however, the success rate of the ambiguity resolution shows the opposite pattern: its maximum was in winter and minimum in summer. The fact seems to be induced by the surrounding conditions; that is, the trees thick with leaves near the GPS antenna interfere with GPS signals in summer. This seems to confirm partly that there is a distinct trend in the decreasing success rate since 2006 because the trees are growing every year. It is necessary to eliminate the factors that degrade the GPS quality and the tropospheric modeling for Korea needs to be studied further.