• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.1292-1296
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• 2007

To investigate the gel properties of surimi-like materials (SLM) made from pig heart (PH), psoas major muscle (PM) and semimembranosus muscle (SM) of pigs, the three muscles were diced, chopped and washed with 25 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) to extract myofibrillar protein. SLM from SM had significantly (p<0.05) higher moisture content and lower crude protein content compared with PH and PM samples. The cooked SLM from PH was darker than that from PM and SM. Gel from PH had significantly (p<0.05) lower L* and hue values, and higher b* and chroma values compared to gels from PM and SM. The cooked SLM from PH had poor water-holding capacity (WHC) resulting in higher cooking loss. SDS-PAGE showed that the bands of myosin and tropomyosin/troponin had reduced staining intensity in the PH sample, and some unidentified bands that were not in PM and SM samples were observed in PH samples.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.693-699
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Woohwangcheungsimweun (ox bezoar), deer antlers, and wild ginseng on induction of cardiomyocyte differentiation using the established mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. The expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was highest in Woohwangcheungsimweun treatment group. The expression of rabbit anti-GATA-4(GATA-4) and troponin (TnI) were highest in wild ginseng and Woohwangcheungsimweun treatment groups, respectively. Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis showed that the expression of ANP was highest in Dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) and Woohwangcheungsimweun treatment groups. The expression of GATA-4 was relatively high in wild ginseng treatment group. The expression of TnI was highest in Woohwangcheungsimweun treatment group. In the gene expression analysis, DMSO greatly inhibited GATA-4 expression to 25% of control. Woohwangcheungsimweun treatment caused to increase cTnI and cardiac ANP expression significantly. Wild ginseng extract upregulated GATA-4 gene expression. In conclusion, DMSO widely used as cardiomyocyte differentiation inducer did not show significant effects on the expression of ANP, GATA-4 and TnI in this study. Woohwangcheungsimweun showed upregulation of ANP and TnI expression. Wild ginseng extract showed greater effects than DMSO on GATA-4 expression. These results might suggest that the combination of Woohwangcheungsimweun and wild ginseng extract treatment can be expected to increase expressions of all three genes.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2018

Our previous studies have confirmed that morroniside has neuroprotective effects. However, the effects of morroniside on cardiac myocardium remain unknown. Rats were anaesthetized with 10% chloral hydrate (0.35~0.4 mL/kg) and an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was induced by ligating the anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Following AMI, morroniside was administered intragastrically for 3 consecutive days at doses of 45, 90 and 180 mg/kg, respectively. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) activities in AMI rats in the serum were detected with commercial kits. The expression of IL-6, $IL-1{\beta}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in myocardium was detected by Western blotting analysis. We observed a significant decline in the Q(q) wave amplitude in morroniside-treated rats after 72 h. Additionally, treatment of morroniside decreased the levels of LDH and cTnT in AMI rats. We also observed that morroniside reduced the expression of IL-6, $IL-1{\beta}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in myocardium. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that morroniside had effective anti-inflammatory properties in AMI rats.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.407-416
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• 2005

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for cardiac surgery induces the production and release of numerous chemotactic substances and cytokines, ensuing systemic inflammatory response that causes postoperative major organ dysfunctions. We performed a randomized, prospective study to investigate clinical effects of preoperative treated-methylprednisolone for preventing inflammation in pediatric cardiac surgery with CPB. Thirty pediatric patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery were randomized to either control(n=15) or steroid group (n=15, 10 mg/kg of methylprednisolone). Arterial blood samples were taken before and after the operations for measuring total leukocyte (T-WBC) and differential counts, platelet counts, interleukin-6 (IL-6), myeloperoxidase (MPO), neuron specific enolase (NSE), troponin-I (TNI), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine levels. Postoperative parameters such as pulmonary index (PI, $PaO_2/FiO_2$), 24 hrs and total bleeding volumes, mechanical ventilating (MVP) and intensive care unit (ICU)-staying periods, and hospitalization were assessed. T-WBC, neutrophil fraction, IL-6, MPO, NSE, TNI, AST and creatinine levels, bleeding volumes, PI, and MVP at the postoperative periods were lower or shorter in steroid group than in control group (P<0.05). These findings indicated that preoperative administration of methylprednisolone attenuated CPB-induced inflammatory reactions, contributing to postoperative recovery of patients underwent cardiac surgery.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.417-424
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• 2003

Inhibitory activities against angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) of enzymatic hydrolysates of porcine skeletal muscle proteins were investigated. Myosin B, myosin, actin, tropomyosin, troponin and water-soluble proteins extracted from pork loin were digested by eight kinds of proteases, including pepsin, $\alpha$-chymotrypsin, and trypsin. After digestion, hydrolysates produced from all proteins showed ACE inhibitory activities, and the peptic hydrolysate showed the strongest activity. In the case of myosin B, the molar concentration of peptic hydrolysate required to inhibit 50% of the activity increased gradually as digestion proceeded. The hydrolysates produced by sequential digestion with pepsin and $\alpha$-chymotrypsin, pepsin and trypsin or pepsin and pancreatin showed weaker activities than those by pepsin alone, suggesting that ACE inhibitory peptides from peptic digestion might lose their active sequences after digestion by the second protease. However, the hydrolysates produced by sequential digestion showed stronger activities than those by $\alpha$-chymotrypsin, trypsin or pancreatin alone. These results suggested that the hydrolysates of porcine meat were able to show ACE inhibitory activity, even if they were digested in vivo, and that pork might be a useful source of physiologically functional factors.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.496-502
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• 1998

The present study was carried out to determine the possible use of cTn-I in the cardiac myofibrillar architecture, as a potential target for in vivo radioimmunodetection of cardiac damage in a brain death pig model. Radioiodiantion of the anti-cTn-I 5F4 McAb was carried out by lactoperoxidase method. the percentage iodine incorporation achieved was 70-75%. The radioiodinated McAbs were purified on Sephadex G-25 column and characterised by Paper chromatography, Phast Gel electrophoresis and electroimmunoblotting. Radioiodinated anticTn-I 5F4 McAbs were employed alongside Pyrophosphate($Tc_{99m}$-PPi$) and $Thallium^{201}$ chloride($TI^{201}$) in 24 landrace pigs (brain-dead=18 & sham-operated=6). The percentage cardiac uptake of the radiolabelled antibody injected dose was significantly higher in the brain dead animals(0.196%) as compared to that of sham-operated animals (0.11%). Specific in vivo localization of radiolabelled McAbs in the infarcted cardiac tissue was confirmed by computer-aided reconstruction of 3-D images of the isolated heart. The preliminary results of the study revealed preferential uptake of radiolabelled antibody at the site of myocyte damage resulting from artificially induced brain death.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.173-188
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• 1981

근세포의 분화에 있어서의 근특이 단백질의 합성 순서를 구명하기 위하여 계배 근세포를 2$\\sim$9일간 배양하면서 단백질합성야상을 SDS-polyacrylamide 겔전기 영동법, 등전점초점2차원 전기영동법 및 방사자기법으로 분석하였다. Actin은 분화의 초기부터 활발히 합성되어 그 양이 다량으로 축적되나, myosin은 배양 3일째부터 대량 합성되기 시작하였다. Myosin의 대량합성시기는 배양 근원세포가 융합을 활발히 일으키는 시기와 거의 같았다. Myoglobin은 분화초기부터 서서히 합성축적되기 시작하여 배양 5일에서 최대치에 달하였다. Creatine phosphokinase는 배양 3일만에, 그리고 glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase는 6일만에 전기영동상에 검출되었다. Tropomyosin $\\alpha$와 $\\beta$, 그리고 troponin C는 분화초기부터 비교적 다량 합성되고 있었다. 젖산탈수소효소의 활성은 배양 2$\\sim$5일 사이에서 급격히 증가하고 이후 거의 변화가 없었다. 이 효소의 동위효소 조성은 초기 근원세포에서는 $H_4$와 $H_3M$형이 많으나 분화가 진행됨에 따라 $HM_3 와 M_4$형이 서서히 출현하였다. 그리고 배양 5일만에 5종의 동위효소가 모두 검출되었다.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2002

An ischemic heart disease(IHD) is a anemic state of heart caused by disproportion between heart's demand and supply of oxygen. A patient who has this IHD feels serious chest pain called angina pectoris. In a keen condition it leads to a necrosis of heart muscles, known as myocardial infarction. In an ischemic heart disease the ECG waves gives us useful information of patients' heart. And CK(creatine kinase) in serum and Troponin T are the principal factors in diagnosis of IHD. In this study, the IHD patient classified by Sasang Constitutional Medicine had a notable medical effects. The symptoms of patient are disappeared and waves of ECG is closed to normal. The result of CK in serum is also recovered. So we report the healing process and results of this patient in this study.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• v.48 no.11
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• pp.1014-1024
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• 2018

Background and Objectives: Intense exercise (IE) induced myocardial fibrosis (MF) showed contradictory findings in human studies, making the relationship between IE and the development of MF unclear. This study aims to demonstrate exercise induced MF is associated with cardiac damage, and inflammation is essential to the development of exercise induced MF. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were submitted to daily 60-minutes treadmill exercise sessions at vigorous or moderate intensity, with 8-, 12-, and 16-week durations; time-matched sedentary rats served as controls. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentration. After completion of the exercise protocol rats were euthanized. Biventricular morphology, ultrastructure, and collagen deposition were then examined. Protein expression of interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$ and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 was evaluated in both ventricles. Results: After IE, right but not left ventricle (LV) MF occurred. Serum cTnI levels increased and right ventricular damage was observed at the ultrastructure level in rats that were subjected to long-term IE. Leukocyte infiltration into the right ventricle (RV) rather than LV was observed after long-term IE. Long-term IE also increased protein expression of proinflammation factors including $IL-1{\beta}$ and MCP-1 in the RV. Conclusions: Right ventricular damage induced by long-term IE is pathological and the following inflammatory response is essential to the development of exercise induced MF.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.474-493
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• 2019

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of an early post-mortem low voltage electrical stimulation (ES) to localized part of carcasses [m. longissimus lumborum (LL) and m. biceps femoris (BF)] and determined the tenderness and flavor compounds of Hanwoo steers (n=16). Carcasses were stimulated within 30 min post-mortem for 60s using 60 volts and muscles aged 2 and 14 d. Degradation of Troponin-T were accelerated by ES and degraded little faster in BF muscle than LL. Level of free amino acid content of stimulated and aged muscles was significantly (p<0.05) greater than control for both muscles. Totally 63 volatile compounds were identified by using SPME-GC. The ES treatment significantly (p<0.05) affected the level of 20 volatile compounds of LL as well 15 volatiles in BF muscle along with total amounts of ketones, sulfur containing, pyrazines and furans. Low voltage ES could be applied to reduce the aging time and improve volatile flavor development by increasing important desirable volatile compounds such as 2-methylpyrazine, 2,5-dimethylpyrazines and 2-acetylthiazole etc. due to released free amino acids from protein degradation.