• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.67-76
• /
• 2016

Dracunculiasis, otherwise known as guinea worm disease (GWD), is caused by infection with the nematode Dracunculus medinensis. This nematode is transmitted to humans exclusively via contaminated drinking water. The transmitting vectors are Cyclops copepods (water fleas), which are tiny free-swimming crustaceans usually found abundantly in freshwater ponds. Humans can acquire GWD by drinking water that contains vectors infected with guinea worm larvae. This disease is prevalent in some of the most deprived areas of the world, and no vaccine or medicine is currently available. International efforts to eradicate dracunculiasis began in the early 1980s. Most dentists and maxillofacial surgeons have neglected this kind of parasite infection. However, when performing charitable work in developing countries near the tropic lines or other regions where GWD is endemic, it is important to consider GWD in cases of swelling or tumors of unknown origin. This paper reviews the pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical criteria, diagnostic criteria, treatment, and prevention of dracunculiasis. It also summarizes important factors for maxillofacial surgeons to consider.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.121-126
• /
• 1998

It is one of important issues to find intersection curve? in representation of complex surfaces on a computer. Three typical methods, i.e. the tracing method, the subdivision method, and hybrid method, are often applied to find intersection curves between sculptured surfaces. In this paper two topics are dealt with for efficiency and robustness of the hybrid method. One tropic is about how to determine step sizes variably during tracing, the ethel is about how to find tangential points between surfaces. Tracing by variable step size finds intersections rapidly and requires less memory size. Some illustrations show tangential points between surfaces.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.7 no.8
• /
• pp.66-75
• /
• 1999

In two-stroke engines, methods of evaluating scavenging effciency have been studied in parallel with trials for improvement of scavenging process. But simulating methods have a wide difference with difference with scavenging process in real engines and methods of evaluating scavening efficiency in real engines are very difficult and very expensive. This study shows that there is a possbility of evaluating scavenging efficiency in real engines very easily by analysis of in-cylinder pressure data. And as a characteristics two-stroke engines, the poly tropic indices in the process of compression are varies with degreeof scavenging and good representatives of scavenging efficiency.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.917-919
• /
• 2003

This paper demonstrates that RADARSAT ScanSAR data can be an important data source of radar remote sensing for monitoring crop systems and estimation of rice yield for large areas in tropic and sub-tropical regions. Experiments were carried out to show the effectiveness of RADARSAT ScanSAR data for rice yield estimation in whole province of Guangdong, South China. A methodology was developed to deal with a series of issues in extracting rice information from the ScanSAR data, such as topographic influences, levels of agro-management, irregular distribution of paddy fields and different rice cropping systems. A model was provided for rice yield estimation based on the relationship between the backscatter coefficient of multi-temporal SAR data and the biomass of rice.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.72-81
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to develop a multi-metric Lentic Ecosystem Health Assessment (LEHA) model and apply model to dataset sampled from Daechung Reservoir in September 2005. The metrics were composed of 11 parameters such as physical, chemical and biological variables. The metric attributes of $M_1{\sim}M_8$ followed after the model of biological integrity using fish assemblages that previously adapted in lotic ecosystems, while the metrics of $M_9{\sim}M_{11}$ were added on the basis of literature. The metric of $M_9$ reflected habitat conditions in the littoral zone and the metric of $M_{10}$ reflected chemical conditions of the reservoir. For the application of regression analysis of long-transformed conductivity [$Log_{10}$(Cond)] against $COD_{Mn}$, based on 150 sampling sites at Korean reservoirs, showed that the variation of conductivity was explained 77.4% [$COD_{Mn}=4.42{\times}Log_{10}(Cond)-5.43;\;R^2=0.774$, p<0.01, n=150] by the variation of $COD_{Mn}$. The metric of $M_{11}$ was based on Tropic State Index (TSI), based on chlorophyll-${\alpha}$ concentrations (Chl-${\alpha}$). Analysis of TSI $(Chl-{\alpha})$ showed that above 50 was estimated "1", $40{\sim}50$ was estimated "3" and below 40% was estimated '5'. Overall, velues of LEHA in the reservoir averaged 30.5, indicating a "fair${\sim}$poor condition", which is judged by the criteria of U.S. EPA (1993). More studies such as metric numbers and attributes should be done for the application of the model.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.203-211
• /
• 2000

In this study to produce large-scale scopolamine we were examined in the tumor calli of Datura metel L. induced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens $Ery{101}$. The growth and scopolamine contents of tumor calli were higher under light condition than in dark. The optimum condition of growth and scopolamine production were fluence rate of 16 $\mu$mol $m^{-2}s^{-1}$, spectra of red light region and 16 hour light periods on 50 mL SH liquid medium in 4 weeks culture. To increase of the scopolamine contents in tumor calli, the optimum concentration of nitrogen source were 1.8 mM NH$_4$+ and 40 mM NO$_3$. The optimum elicitor concentration for production of scopolamine were 10 mg/L chitosan and 15 mg/L yeast extract. The effect of precursors were good at the concentration of 0.2 mM tropine and 0.3 mM tropic acid, respectively. In order to increase of growth and scopolamine contents. we induced mutant from Datura metel L. tumor callus. Mutants of tumor calli were obtained by 3 Krad, 4 Krad and 6 Krad of ${60}^Cor-ray$. Among them, 3 Krad tumor callus was excellent on the growth and teratoma induction. The 4 Krad tumor callus was negligible for both growth and teratoma induction. But the 6 Krad tumor callus was the best in growth and teratoma induction. The formation of the mutant calli can be enhanced through hormonal combination of 1 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.5 mg/L benzyladenine. We carry out selection mutant tumor calli for high content tropane alkaloid and suspension cultures for scopolamine production.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.267-302
• /
• 2019

Oral literature can largely be categorized into myth, legend, and folktales, which are stories orally transmitted from the prehistoric times. The purpose of this study is to compare the discourse on the oral literature of the East and the West from a cultural studies viewpoint by focusing on its "symbolic systems," particularly "figures of speech," or "tropic traits", in order to utilize this oral literature as a resource in the study of Northeast Asian culture. Undergoing modernization, the symbolic meaning of oral literature has been demythologized both in the West and in Northeast Asia. Of course, oral literature, verbally transmitted over a long period of time, has naturally been changed over time and even "contaminated" in a sense by losing its original archaic archetype while it was textualized with letters during the early period of the modernization process. Nevertheless, the principle of "resemblance" and "similarity" between nature/universe and human/humanity, which has been stripped away in modernity, can still be found in oral literature with its mythic power. For this reason, the study of oral literature in the West has attempted to restore the lost magical power within it, particularly in myth. As such, this study delves into the symbolism of the mythic thought of Northeast Asian countries, namely Korea, China, and Japan, which has been lost in the course of their compressed modernization, in relation to the tropic figures of their oral literatures.

• Journal of Photoscience
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.406-408
• /
• 2002

In order to know the characteristics of circadian rhythms in core temperature in tropical inhabitants, we measured rectal temperatures every 10 min for 24 hrs in 6 Vietnamese, 20 - 22 yrs (5 males and I females) under natural conditions. Average light intensity was 16000 lx. Ambient temperatures ranged from 33 to 36 oC. These data obtained were compared with those in Japanese setters and the Polish inhabitants. The participants were sitting mostly during wakefulness and lying in bed during sleep. The results obtained are summarized as follows: I) The average maximum value was 37.7 oC, which was significantly higher than in the Japanese and Polish as well. 2) The average minimum value was 36.4 oC, which was also lower. 3) A range of oscillation was 1.3 oC, which was clearly greater than in the people living in the temperate areas. The higher maximum value of core temperature, which was actively regulated under warm temperature, seemed of adaptive significance in order to reduce water consumption. A greater rage of oscillation in tropical Vietnamese people might have ecological significance for efficient acclimatization in the environment with strong light intensity and high ambient temperature, suggesting that the setpoint of core temperature could show a greater range of oscillation.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.231-239
• /
• 1993

This paper presents a result on the determination of velocity distribution by a tomographic inversion of crosshole seismic traveltimes in transversely isotropic(aniso tropic) media. The crosshole traveltimes used in this study are synthetic ones computed by ray tracing for some models having isotropic and transversely isotropic velocity distributions. The traveltimes are inverted by a general ART and ansotropic ART which considers the transversely isotropic effect during inver sion. The aniotropic ART gives accurate velodty distributions of transversely isotropic and isotropic models, while the isotropic ART determines accurate velocities only for the isotropic model but inaccurate for the transversely isotropic one. Therefore, the anisotropic ART may be used in case where no information is known on the isotropy or transverse isotropy of a survey area.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.217-222
• /
• 2013

Sea temperature in the South Sea of Korea has been increased over the last decades. Seabirds are sensitive to changes in food availability in marine environment. In this study, we investigate the diet of Black-tailed gulls (Larus crassirostris) during the breeding season to identify changes of marine environment and biological response such as breeding performance in the South Sea of Korea. A total of 22 fish species or family (n = 128) from regurgitates by chicks were collected on Hongdo Island in 2002 and 2012. The most important prey item was Japanese anchovies (Engraulis japonicas). Proportion of Anchovy in diet increased in 2012 (70.5%) compared to 10 years ago (27.5%). Some species were newly found in 2012: Spotted chub mackerel (Scomber australasicus), Pacific sand lace (Ammodytes personatus), White ventral goby (Acanthogobius lactipes), Silver-strip round herring, Multicolorfin rainbowfish (Halichoeres poecilopterus), Silverside (Hypoatherina tsurugae), Surfperch (Neoditrema ransonneti) and Spotnape ponyfish (Leiognathus muchalis), but not in 2002. Especially, sub-tropic fish such as Kammal thryssa (Thryssa kammalensis), and Rosefish (Helicolenus hilgendorfi) were frequently observed in the diet of 2012. These results might reflect the increase of sea temperature in the South Sea of Korea.