• 한국임상약학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.113-122
• /
• 2012

ACC/AHA/SCAI Guideline recommends for administration dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stent (DES) to prevent restenosis and stent thrombosis in patients with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Recently triple antiplatelet therapy including cilostazol is known to reduce restenosis and stent thrombosis significantly after DES implantation. However, there is lack of data providing the efficacy of triple antiplatelet therapy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical effects of the triple therapy after DES implantation compared with the dual therapy. This retrospective study collected data from medical charts of 251 patients who received DES implantation between Jul 2006 and Jun 2008. They received either dual antiplatelet therapy (N = 154 clopidogrel and aspirin; Dual group) or triple antiplatelet therapy (N = 97 cliostazol, clopidogrel and aspirin; Triple group). Major adverse cardiac event rates (MACE, included total death, myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization) at 12 months, 24 months, stent thrombosis, rates of bleeding complications and adverse drug reactions were compared between these two groups. Compared with the dual group, the triple group had a similar incidence of the MACE rates at 24months (12.3% vs. 12.4%, p = 0.99). There is no difference in overall stent thrombosis between two groups (Dual group 2.6% vs. Triple group 4.1%, p = 0.5). Subgroup analysis showed that diabetic patients got more benefit in reducing MACE rates but, there is no statistical difference. Bleeding complications and adverse drug effects were not different significantly. As compared with dual antiplatelet therapy, triple antiplatelet therapy did not reduce the 12-months, 24-months MACE rates and stent thrombosis. Bleeding complications and adverse drug effects were not different.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.201-205
• /
• 2001

위내 Helicobacter 균속에 자연 감염된 개에서 삼중요법의 효과를 알아보기 위해 Helicobacter 균속에 자연 감염된 것으로 판명된 7두의 개를 대상으로 amoxicillin, metronidazole을 14일간 경구투여하였다. 삼중요법 실시에 따른 Helicobacter 균속 감염상태 변화를 평가하기 위해 투여 7일째, 14일째 그리고 투여 중지후 30일째의 위생검 조직에 대한 요소검사, Helicobacter 균속에 대한 중합효소 연쇄반응 검사와 함께 분변시료를 이용한 중합효소 연쇄반응 검사를 실시하였다. 삼중요법 14일째 위생검 조직의 요소검사에서는 7두중 6두가 음성이었으나 위생검조직과 분변시료의 중합효소 연쇄반응 검사에서는 각각 3두와 4두만이 음성이었다. 삼중요법 중지후 30일째 검사에서는 각 검사법이 모두 동일한 결과를 나타내었는데 7두중 3두에서 음성으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 위내 Helicobacter 균속에 자연 감염된 개에서 amoxicillin, metronidazole과 omeprazole을 이용한 삼중요법은 Helicobacter 균속 감염 정도를 낮추거나 때로는 완전 박멸할 수 있을 것으로 보여지기에 만성위염의 임상증상을 나타내는 개의 Helicobacter 균속 감염증에 적용할 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.2577-2581
• /
• 2014

Background: Triple negative breast cancer is associated with aggressive behavior and high risk of local and regional failure. Aggressive surgical intervention is considered suitable. This makes role of breast conserving therapy (BCT) debatable in these patients. The objective of this study was to compare outcome of BCT for triple negative versus non-triple negative breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Medical records of patients who underwent breast conserving therapy from 1999 to 2009 at Shaukat Khanum Cancer Hospital and had complete receptor status information were extracted. Patients were divided into triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and non-TNBC. Patient characteristics, medical treatment modalities and adverse events were compared. Expected five year locoregional recurrence free, disease free and overall survival was calculated. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify independent predictors of outcome. Results: A total of 194 patients with TNBC and 443 with non-TNBC were compared. Significant difference was present for age at presentation (p<0.0001), family history (p=0.005), grade (p<0.0001) and use of hormonal therapy (p<0.0001). The number of locoregional failures, distant failures and mortalities were not significantly different. No significant difference was present in 5 year locoregional recurrence free (96% vs 92%, p=0.3), disease free (75% vs 74%, p=0.7) and overall survival (78% vs 83%, p=0.2). On multivariate analysis, tumor size, nodal involvement and hormonal treatment were independent predictors of negative events. Conclusions: Breast conserving therapy has comparable outcomes for triple negative and non-triple negative breast cancers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권12호
• /
• pp.4885-4890
• /
• 2015

Background: Helicobacter pylori plays an important role in gastric cancer and typical eradication regimens are no longer effective in many countries, including Thailand. The aim of our study was to compare the effect of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Streptococcus thermophillus on tailored triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Materials and Methods: This prospective single-center study was conducted in Thailand. Helicobacter pylori associated gastritis patients were randomized to 2 groups: group 1 (n=100) was tailored triple therapy with placebo (esomeprazole 20 mg bid, clarithromycin 500 mg bid or metronidazole 400 mg tid if clarithromycin resistance and amoxicillin 1000 mg bid), and group 2 was tailored triple therapy plus pretreatment with probiotic containing yogurt. Successful eradication was defined as both negative histology and negative rapid urease test at four weeks after treatment. Results: A total of 200 infected patients were enrolled. PP analysis involved 194 patients: 96 in the tailored triple therapy with placebo group (group 1) and 98 the in tailored triple therapy plus pretreatment with probiotic containing yogurt group (group 2). Successful eradication was observed in 170 (87.6%) patients; by PP analysis, the eradication rate was significantly higher in group 2 (P = 0.04, 95%CI; 0.02-0.13) than in group 1. ITT analysis also showed that the value was significantly higher in the tailored triple threapy plus pretreatment with probiotic containing yogurt group (group 2) (89/100; 89%) than in the tailored triple therapy with placebo group (group 1) (P= 0.01, 95%CI; 0.04-0.15). In terms of adverse events, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions: Pretreatment with probiotic containing yogurt can improve Helicobacter pylori eradication rates with tailored triple therapy. Adding probiotics does not reduce adverse effects of the medication.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제58권1호
• /
• pp.71-79
• /
• 2014

Although Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are generally treated by western medicine, many of them strongly believe in the traditional oriental Sasang constitutional classification and depend on it for food, health supplements, and oriental medicines decision making. Sasang constitutional classification is a part of traditional Korean medicine that divides people into four constitutional types (Tae-Yang: TY, Tae-Eum: TE, So-Yang: SY, and So-Eum: SE), which differ in inherited characteristics such as appearance, personality traits, susceptibility to diseases, and drug responses. It is recommended for T2DM patients to control their blood glucose very well from early stages with drugs and diet. However, many T2DM patients respond differently to their drugs, even though they receive the same medicine. Therefore, the present study investigated whether Sasang constitutional type can explain the therapeutic differences between oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) therapy (mono, dual and triple drug therapy). Patients of 618 with T2DM diagnosis and Sasang constitutional type known who received both western and oriental medicine treatment in a hospital between April 2006 and April 2013 retrospectively studied. HbA1c (%) and blood glucose (mg/dl) levels before OHAs therapy and 3 month after were collected for metformin (MET) or sulfonylurea (SU) monotherapy, MET+SU dual therapy, MET+except SU (where was either alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, meglitinide or thiazolidinedione) dual therapy, and triple therapy, according to Sasang constitutional type. For statistical analysis, ANOVA was used and paired t-test by SPSS 19.0 where P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Pattern was similar levels of HbA1c and blood glucose and which was decreased in order of mono, MET+SU dual, MET+except SU dual and triple therapy. In all patients comparison, for the So-yang (SY) constitutional type, either monotherapy was less effective; for Te-eum (TE) type, MET+SU dual therapy was less effective while MET+except SU dual therapy was more effective and the triple therapy was less effective; and for So-eum (SE) type, the triple therapy was more effective. For the management of TE type it is recommended to use drugs except SU when dual therapy is needed, restrict triple therapy and consider dual and insulin therapy; for SY type it is recommended to follow current guidelines; and for SE type it is advisable to skip dual therapy and start the triple therapy early. Finally, the therapeutic response to OHAs is different among Korean T2DM patients with different Sasang constitutional types. Taken together, the choice of effective OHAs therapy for each type is necessary in order to minimize the poor control of blood glucose level, the risk of complications, and the costs from a failure of therapy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제79권1호
• /
• pp.22-30
• /
• 2016

Background: The purpose of this study was to document outcomes following withdrawal of a single inhaler (step-down) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients on triple therapy (long-acting muscarinic antagonist and a combination of long-acting ${\beta}2$-agonists and inhaled corticosteroid), which a common treatment strategy in clinical practice. Methods: Through a retrospective observational study, COPD patients receiving triple therapy over 2 years (triple group; n=109) were compared with those who had undergone triple therapy for at least 1 year and subsequently, over 9 months, initiated inhaler withdrawal (step-down group, n=39). The index time was defined as the time of withdrawal in the step-down group and as 1 year after the start of triple therapy in the triple group. Results: Lung function at the index time was superior and the previous exacerbation frequency was lower in the step-down group than in the triple group. Step-down resulted in aggravating disease symptoms, a reduced overall quality of life, decreasing exercise performance, and accelerated forced expiratory volume in 1 second ($FEV_1$) decline ($54.7{\pm}15.7mL/yr$ vs. $10.7{\pm}7.1mL/yr$, p=0.007), but there was no observed increase in the frequency of exacerbations. Conclusion: Withdrawal of a single inhaler during triple therapy in COPD patients should be conducted with caution as it may impair the exercise capacity and quality of life while accelerating $FEV_1$ decline.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.2427-2431
• /
• 2014

Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC), characterized by absence of the estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) and lack of overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), have a poor prognosis. To overcome therapy limitations of TNBC, various new approaches are needed. This mini-review focuses on discovery of new targets and drugs which might offer new hope for TNBC patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권7호
• /
• pp.3619-3622
• /
• 2016

Background: Triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are high grade aggressive tumors generally with a poor prognosis, not responding to hormonal and anti Her2 Neu therapy. Expression of the antiapoptotic B cell lymphoma 2 gene (Bcl-2) is associated with low grade, slowly proliferating hormone receptor positive tumors with improved survival. Anti Bcl2 agents can be used as alternative targeted therapy in triple negative cancers. Materials and Methods: The objective of this study was to determine the immunohistochemical expression of Bcl2 in triple negative breast cancers and any correlation with clinicopathological variables in Northern Pakistan. Results: All 52 patients were females, aged between 28 and 80 years(average $48.0{\pm}12.1$). 28 cases (53.8%) were positive for Bcl2, this being associated with low grade invasive ductal carcinomas, lymph node metastasis and lymphovascular invasion. Conclusions: Bcl-2 may be an important prognostic factor and its expression might be used for targeted therapy using Anti Bcl2 drugs.

• 한국임상약학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.239-247
• /
• 2013

Background: Fixed drug combinations are formulations containing two or more active ingredients in a single dosage form. Such combination therapies are commonly applied to improve efficacy, reduce adverse events and replace co-administration, etc. National and international guidelines for hypertension treatment recommend addition of other classes of antihypertensive drugs rather than incremental dose of mono-therapy, when blood pressure is not adequately controlled. Thus, many dual combinations of antihypertensive drugs have been approved and pharmaceutical companies are recently interested in developing antihypertensive triple combinations. Clinical trial designs for the fixed combinations are various depending on the target patients, dosage and clinical endpoints. Thereby, further discussions for the clinical trials of antihypertensive triple therapies are required regarding the indication claimed. Conclusion: This article provides a review for the assessment of the label and medical reports of the clinical trials on antihypertensive triple therapies in advanced foreign countries.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.223-241
• /
• 2013

Boney metastasis may lead to terrible suffering from debilitating pain. The most likely malignancies that spread to bone are prostate, breast, and lung. Painful osseous metastases are typically associated with multiple episodes of breakthrough pain which may occur with activities of daily living, weight bearing, lifting, coughing, and sneezing. Almost half of these breakthrough pain episodes are rapid in onset and short in duration and 44% of episodes are unpredictable. Treatment strategies include: analgesic approaches with "triple opioid therapy", bisphosphonates, chemotherapeutic agents, hormonal therapy, interventional and surgical approaches, steroids, radiation (external beam radiation, radiopharmaceuticals), ablative techniques (radiofrequency ablation, cryoablation), and intrathecal analgesics.