• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.75-85
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• 1979

The Korean origin sunflower (Helianthus Annus Linn.) seed of netural lipid were analysed by thinchrography, High performance liquid chromatography, preparative Thinlayer and Gas liquid chromatography. 1) The seed oil triglyceride components were conveniently separated based on their degree of unsaturation by employing the chromatography on silica gel sintered rod impregnated with 12.5% silver nitrate. Sunflower seed oil was composed of triglyceride, especially trilinolein 57. 74% triolein 25.28%, tripalmitin 7 55% ana tristearin 9.43% by a thinctrography. 2) The fatty acid compositions of seed oil have been determined by a high performance liquid chromatographic analysis using a ALC/GPC 244 type from Waters Association (Japan) with ${\mu}$ Bondapak FFAA column. It contained stearic acid 8.59%, oleic acid 27. 19%, palmitic acid 7.50% and linoleic acid 56.72% respectively. 3) The composition of sterols were determined by a preparative Thinlayer and Gas liquid chromatographic analysis. It was noted that sitosterol was the major sterol in the Korean sunflower seed. The results showed that contents of sterols were cholesterol trace, campesterol $13_.^{22\sim}13.9%$, stigmasterol $13.8{\sim}14.1%$, If, sitosterol $58.4{\sim}60.7%$, ${\vartriangle}^7$-stigmastenol $10.2{\sim}10.5%$ and ${\vartriangle}^{7,24(25)}$-stigmastenol $3.6{\sim}3.8%$ by method of planimetry and triangulation.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.275-281
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• 2010

The chemical characteristics of seed oils of Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) at different ages grown in Korea (3, 4 and 5-year old) and China (5-year old), and American ginseng (Panax quinquefoliu L., 5-year old) grown in China were compared. Total fatty acid composition showed a significantly higher oleic acid content in American (87.50%) than in Korean (68.02~69.14%) and Chinese ginseng seed oils (61.19%). At the sn-2 position, the highest oleic acid (81.09%) and lowest linoleic acid (15.77%) were found in American ginseng seed oil. The main triacylglycerol species in ginseng seed oils were triolein (OOO) and 1,2-dioleoyl-3-linoleoyl-glycerol (LOO)/1,3-dioleoyl-2-linoleoyl-glycerol (OLO). In addition, the seed oils possessed an ideal oxidative stability showing 16.55~23.12 hr of induction time by Rancimat test. The results revealed that ginseng seed oil could be developed as a new healthy edible oil, and that the oil's chemical characteristics were strongly associated with the ginseng species and habitats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.783-788
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• 2016

Excessive intake of trans fats is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Previously, we showed that green tea extract lowers intestinal absorption of cholesterol and elaidic acid in rats. This study was conducted to investigate a possible role for sorghum extract on lymphatic absorption of trans fat and cholesterol in rats. Adult male rats with lymph cannulae were infused at a rate of 3.0 mL/h for 8 h via a duodenal catheter with a lipid emulsion containing $146.4{\mu}mol$ of trielaidin, $36.8{\mu}mol$ of trilinoelaidin, $452.0{\mu}mol$ of triolein, $1.0{\mu}Ci$ cholesterol labeled with $^{14}C$ ($^{14}C-cholesterol$), $20.7{\mu}mol$ of cholesterol, and $396.0{\mu}mol$ of Na-taurocholate without or with 100.0 mg of sorghum extract in phosphate-buffered saline buffer (pH 6.4). Lymph was collected hourly for 8 h. No significant difference was noted in lymph flow. However, the lymphatic absorption of elaidic acid and linoelaidic acid for 8 h was significantly lower in rats infused with sorghum extract than in those infused with no sorghum extract. Further, lymphatic absorption of $^{14}C-cholesterol$ was reduced by sorghum extract, which was observed previously. These data indicate that sorghum extract has an inhibitory effect on the intestinal absorption of trans fat and cholesterol. The mechanism(s) by which sorghum extract lowers intestinal absorption of trans fat warrants further study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.1712-1717
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• 2009

Capsaicin has been shown to affect lipid metabolism. However, it is currently not known whether capsaicin would lower the intestinal absorption of cholesterol. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of intraduodenally infused capsaicin on the lymphatic absorption of cholesterol and lipids in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 300-350 g were starved for 16 hr and the mesenteric lymph duct was cannulated. Each rat was infused at 3.0 mL/hr for 8 hr via the duodenal catheter with a lipid emulsion, which contained 33.3 kBq [$^{14}C$]-cholesterol, 20.7 μmol cholesterol, 452 μmol triolein, 3.1 μmol $\alpha$-tocopherol, and 396.0 μmol Na-taurocholate without (control) or with 5.0 mg capsaicin in 24 mL PBS buffer (pH 6.4). Simultaneously, lymph was collected hourly for 8 hr. There was no significant difference in lymph flow between the groups. However, the lymphatic absorption of 14C-cholesterol for 8 hr was significantly lower in rats infused with capsaicin than in those infused with no capsaicin. Also, the output of oleic acid for 8 hr was significantly decreased by capsaicin. However, the intestinal absorption of $\alpha$-tocopherol did not differ between the groups. The results indicate that the luminal infusion of capsaicin inhibits the intestinal absorption of cholesterol and lipids in rats.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.263-271
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• 1999

We checked the presence of phospholipase $A_2(PLA)_2$ which could split the ester bond at the position 2 in the glycerol backbone of glycerophospholipids, in the cells of hyperthermophiles of Pyrococcus horikoshii and Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. The results obtained are as follows; (1). Pyrococcus horikoshii cells were grown in obligate anaerobic conditions at $95^{\circ}C$ and they needed sulfur as energy source instead of oxygen, while Sulfolobus acidocaldarius species grew well in the aerobic medium (pH 2.5) containing yeast and sucrose at $75^{\circ}C$. (2). Pyrococcus horikoshii cells produced phospholipase $A_2$ in the cell culture media although this species did not show lipase activity at least in the pH range of 1.5 ${\sim}$ 3.5. Sulfolobus acidocaldarius cells produced lipase hydrolyzing triacylglycerols such as triolein, but did not split any kind of phospholipids used as substates. (3). The compound of 1-decanoyl-2-(p-nitrophenylglutaryl) phosphatidylcholine was not suitable for a substrate in this experiment, though frequently used as a subtrate for checking presence of phospholipase $A_2$, for its decomposi-tion in this experiment. The L-${\alpha}$-phosphatidylcholine-${\beta}$-[N-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diazol]aminohexanoyl-${\gamma}$-hexadecanoyl labelled with a fluorescent material, did not show any migration of acyl chains in the molecule during the reaction with phospholipase $A_2$ under a hot condition. (4). Phospholipase $A_2$ in the cells of Pyrococcus horikoshii, showed the optimum activity at $pH6.7{\sim}7.2$ and $95{\sim}105^{\circ}C$, respectively, and was activated by addition of calcium chloride solution. Andthe phospholipase $A_2$ specifically hydrolyzed glycero-phospholipids such as phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl serine and phosphatidyl inositol, but could not split phospholipid containing ether bonds in the molecule such as DL -${\alpha}$-phosphatidylcholine-${\beta}$-palmitoyl-${\gamma}$-O-hexadecyl, DL-${\alpha}$-phosphati- dylcholine-${\beta}$- oleoyl-${\gamma}$-O-hexadecyl, DL-phosphatidylcholine-dihexadecyl.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.519-526
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• 2003

Pancreatic lipase and ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activities in purified extracts of pumpkin and job's tear were studied. Pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity was determined by measuring the rate of releasing oleic acid from triolein, and ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activity was determined by iodometric method. The extracts of pumpkin and job's tear were purified using silica gel and C-18 gel column chromatographies. Treatment of pumpkin extract $(120\;{\mu}g/mL)$ in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte decreased differentiation about 95% and blocked accumulation of lipid. Body weights of rats fed high-fat diet containing dietary supplement decreased about 13% as compared with those fed only highfat diet. These results revealed dietary supplement is a good obesity-reducing material for decreasing lipid and carbohydrate absorptions.