• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.181-200
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• 2007

Objevtives & Methods : Effects of cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture at BL18 and LI11 on lipid composition, cytokine level, liver function, anti-oxidative capacity and histological characters were investigated in diet-induced obese rats. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 400g were divided into 4 groups of control, BL18, LI11 and BL18 plus LI11 pharmacopuncture groups and raised for 4 weeks. Results : 1. Plasma ${\beta}$-lipoprotein, free fatty acids level and TNF-${\alpha}$ levels significantly decreased in the pharmacopuncture groups compared to those of no treatment group. Plasma and liver total cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels were also significantly lower than those of no treatment group. There was, however, no difference in TBARS level among pharmacopuncture groups. Liver total cholesterol level of BL18 pharmacopuncture group was lower than those of the other two pharmacopuncture groups. In LDL-cholesterol level, BL18 pharmacopuncture and BL18 plus LI11 pharmacopuncture groups only had significantly lower levels than that of no treatment group. 2. There was no significant difference between cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture groups and no treatment group in IL-6, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartic acid transaminase (AST) levels. 3. Compared with \ those of no treatment group, pharmacopuncture groups had significantly higher levels of HDL-cholesterol, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase activities. There was, however, no significant difference among pharmacopuncture groups. 4. Histological characters of heart, kidney and liver of BL18 pharmacopuncture group were similar to those of normal rats. Conclusions : These results indicate that cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture at BL18 and LI11 may suppress adipose tissue mass and lipid peroxidation and activate antioxidant system.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.200-208
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• 1983

The present studies were designed to compare the effects of both dietary fat levels and P / S ratio on lipid components in plasma and tissues. Changes in plasma HDL-cholesterol, cholesterol and TG, and also in tissue cholesterol and TG were determined in young rats fed diets providing total dietary fat as 10%, 25% or 45% of calories and P / S ratio as 0.2 or 4.0. Plasma cholesterol levels were getting higher as dietary fat levels increased at P / S 0.2. Plasma cholesterol was lower in rats fed dietary fat either 25% or 45 %, each with P / S 4.0. But at 10% no change in plasma cholesterol were observed by P / S 4.0 because of a possible insufficiency of the absolute amount of PUFA. HDL-cholesterol was rather less sensitive to the modification of dietary fat level, but was reduced in rats fed diets of P / S 4.0 at either 25% or 45% fat, even though HDL-cholesterol were increased in the group of 10% with P / S 0.2. Total cholesterol per g- liver were significantly increased as dietary fat levels increased. Liver cholesterol levels were higher in rats fed diets of P / S 4.0 at higher fat levels (25% or 45%) which possibly suggested that a reduction of plasma cholesterol by high PUFA diet was not at least from a decreased synthesis of cholesterol in liver. However, in muscle no significant differences were found by feeding high P / S ratio at each levels of fat. At 10% fat level, compared to 25% or 45%, cholesterol level was lower in g-liver but higher in g- muscle. Plasma TG was decreased as more dietary fat were supplied at P / S ratio, but no consistant response obtained at low P / S ratio. TG per g-liver were reduced by feeding P / S 4.0 diet at 10% or 45% fat level but no differences were found in muscle. P / S 4.0 diet was more efficient in lowering plasma cholesterol TG and HDL-cholesterolt levels only if fat level was more than 25% of the total calories And young rats were more resistant to dietary fat modification.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.107-126
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• 2006

Purpose : This study was peformed to evaluate the effect of Kamijoaguiem(JGE) on the bone mass and its related factors. Methods : We used ovariectomized rat as an estrogen-deficient animal model. The model rats of osteoporosis showed a significant decrease in bone density, bone ash density, calcium content of femur bone. At the 7th day after operating ovariectomy, rats were administered with JGE per orally, and continued for 10 weeks. And osteoporosis related parameters were determined to investigate the effect of JGE. Results : Bone density, bone ash density, bone calcium, magnesium and phosphorus was decreased in osteoporotic rats. JGE improved the decreased bone density, bone ash density and the decreased bone magnesium, but JGE didn't improve the decreased bone calcium and phosphorus in osteoporotic rats. Osteocalcin in serum and hydroxy-proline excretion in urine were increased in osteoporotic rats. Their levels were decreased when JGE was administered. ALP activity in serum was increased in osteoporotic rats. JGE didn't induce any significant changes. JGE showed significant increase in serum calcium level, total protein level, albumin level, BUN level, serum LDH activity. JGE didn't show significant increase in serum T-cholesterol density, triglyceride density, HDL-cholesterol density. JGE didn't show significant increase in RBC number, hemoglobin level, platelet number, hematocrit level. JGE showed inhibitory effect on the degradation of bone-matrix in osteoporotic rats, in histological examination to Hematoxylin-eosin stain. Conclusion : JGE might improve bone density due to inhibition of bone resolution in osteoporotic rats. It suggest that JGE may be useful prescription in osteoporosis.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.117-130
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• 2015

Objective : This study was designed to investigate the effects of non fermented Zizyphus. jujuba mixture (mixed fruit and leaf : ZM) and fermented Z. jujuba mixture(FZM) on fed high-fat diet induced hyperlipidemic rats for development medicinal food. Method : The extracts prepared for Zizyphus. jujuba mixture(ZM) and fermented Z. jujuba mixture(FZM) with Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Experimental group was divided into normal control group(NC group) and high fat diet groups. The high fat diet groups fed high fat diet 2 weeks after was sub-divided into high fat diet control group(HC group), high fat diet positive control group(HPC group), non fermented Z. jujuba mixture extract group(ZM group) and fermented Z. jujuba mixture extract group(FZM group). NC and HC group was orally administerd of 0.9% saline, HPC group administerd lovastatin diluted in 0.9% saline at a dose of 10 mg/kg BW, ZM and FZM groups was administerd each extracts diluted in 0.9% saline at a dose of 300 mg/kg BW once a day on a fixed time for 4 weeks. In the present study we measured organ weight, epididymal fat tissue weight, concentration of serum lipids, hepatic lipids, MDA contents in liver tissue and metabolic variables in serum. Results : ZM and FZM suppressed testis weight loss and FZM decreased epididymal fat tissue weight to level of NC group in high-fat diets. ZM and FZM did not influence on serum cholesterol level, but prominently decreased serum triglyceride concentration compared with HC group, and FZM diminished hepatic triglyceride same as serum. ZM and FZM did not impair liver and kidney function and influence positive effects through by suppression of elevation lipid level. Conclusion : These results suggested that Z. jujuba mixture(ZM, FZM) should be useful developing medicinal food for prevention and improvement of hyperlipidemia and FZM is more suitable agent than ZM.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.249-254
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate the effects of sea tangle (ST) extracts on serum lipid concentration in ovariectomized rats. Weight-matched female Sprague-Dawley strain rats were assigned to four groups. Three groups were surgically ovariectomized (OVX). The fourth group was sham operated. Rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: sham-operated rats (Sham), ovariectomized control rats (OVX-control), ovariectomized rats supplemented with ST at 50 mg/kg body wt (OVX-ST50) and ovariectomized rats supplemented with ST at 200 mg/kg body wt (OVX-ST200). The activities of serum GOT and GPT were increased by ovariectomized. The serum GOT levels in OVX-ST50 and OVX-ST200 groups were decreased than OVX-control group. But GPT level was only decreased in the serum of OVX-ST200 group. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride contents decreased in sham group compared with OVX-control group by ovariectomy. Six weeks feeding of ST extract resulted in a significant lowering of serum triglyceride and lowering tendency of total cholesterol Level. The serum HDL-cholesterol was higher in ST groups than OVX-control group. These results suggest that the beneficial effect of ST extract may be used to possibly improve on the lipid metabolic syndrome of menopausal women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.1139-1146
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of Meles meles oil as an functional resource. To assess the effects of Meles meles oil in 25 non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (DM) persons, we examined changes of fat intake level, hematological and chemical variables, serum DM indices and lipid contents during the Meles meles oil supplementation. Polyunsaturated fatty acid and $\omega$3 fatty acid intake were significantly increased by Meles meles oil intakes. The levels of LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly decreased while HDL-cholesterol was significantly increased. Iron status improved during Meles meles oil intakes. These results show that modest dose of Meles meles oil supplementation can decrease serum triglyceride, cholesterol level without any changes in blood glucose level in NIDDM patients. These results indicated that Meles meles oil diet is effective therapeutic regimen for the control of metabolic derangements in diabetes mellitus. Also, these results imply that Meles meles oil can be used as possible food resources and functional food materials. However, large amounts of Meles meles oil should be used cautiously in NIDDM patients.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.177-192
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• 2014

Objective : In order to investigate the effect of Curcumae Longae Rhizoma(CLR) extract on the hepatocellular carcinogenesis and acute liver damage induced by diethylnitrosamine(DENA) and $CCl_4$ in rats. Methods : Experimental groups were subdivided into four; normal group (Nor), acute liver damage and hepatocellular cancer inducing control group (Con), and CLR extract 200mg/kg/day (CAA) or 400mg/kg/day (CAB) administered groups to Con. Thereafter the changes of the body weight, the liver weight and the weight of liver/100g body weight, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, the activities of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, AFP, SOD, catalase were measured. And we observed by optical and electron microscopy. Result : 1. The body weight was decreased in Con compared with Nor for 5 weeks, but increased in Con compared with Nor from 6 week to 9 week. During experimental period of total 9 weeks, CAA and CAB were increased compared with Con. 2. The liver weight was increased significantly (p<0.05) in Con compared with Nor. The weight of liver/100g body weight was increased significantly (p<0.05) in Con compared with Nor and decreased significantly (p<0.05) in CAB compared with Con. 3. The level of total cholesterol was increased in Con and CAA compared with Nor, but there was not statistically significant. The level of triglyceride was decreased in Con compared with Nor. But increased in CAA and CAB compared with Con. The level of HDL-cholesterol was significantly increased (p<0.05) in CAA and CAB compared with Con. 4. The activities of AST, ALT were increased in Con compared with Nor, but decreased in CAA compared with Con, significantly decreased (p<0.05) in CAB compared with Con. 5. The activities of ALP, LDH were increased in Con compared with Nor, but decreased in CAA and CAB compared with Con. 6. The activities of AFP was increased significantly (p<0.05) in Con compared with Nor, but decreased significantly (p<0.05) in CAA and CAB compared with Con. 7. The activities of SOD were increased in Con, CAA and CAB compared with Nor, but decreased in CAA and CAB compared with Con. The activities of Catalase was more increased in CAA and CAB compared than Con. 8. The results of light microscopical observation, a number of hepatocytes were damaged in Con compared with Nor and CAB. 9. According to the electron microscopical observation, irregular nuclear membrane, condensed nucleoplasm was observed in Con, the experimental group was observed in the nucleus of the well-preserved and evenly developed nucleoplasm. Conclusions : These results suggest that administration of CLR extract suppress or retard on the hepatocellular carcinogenesis and acute liver damage induced by DENA and $CCl_4$ in rats.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.237-253
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• 1998

These studies were carried out to observe the effect of Aqua-acupuncture with Woolgum extract on the recovery from liver injury of rats. The liver injury of rats induced with 0.5ml/200g carbon tetrachloride. The Aqua-acupuncture with Woolgum extract solution inserted into corresponding locus of the Kansu(BL18.) in Rats. Experimental group was divided into 4 groups: Normal group, $CCI_4$-intoxicated group, Saline treated group after $CCI_4$-intoxicated and Woolgum aqua-acupuncture treated group after $CCI_4$-intoxicated. Biochemical assays for each serum enzyme activity of GOT, GPT, LDH, total protein, triglyceride, albumin, WBC, neutrophils, lymphocyte were performed. The results were as follows : 1. GOT was decreased with statistical significance in the Woolgum aqua-acupuncture treated group after $CCI_4$-intoxicated. In GOT activity, the Woolgum aqua-acupuncture treated group after $CCI_4$-intoxicated showed higher level significant compared with the saline aqua-acupuncture treated group after $CCI_4$-intoxicated. 2. GPT was decreased with statistical significance in the Woolgum aqua-acupuncture treated after $CCI_4$-intoxicated. In GOT activity, the Woolgum aqua-acupuncture treated group after $CCI_4$-intoxicated showed higher level significant compared with the saline aqua-acupuncture treated group after $CCI_4$-intoxicated. 3. LDH was decreased with statistical significance in the Woolgum aqua-acupuncture treated group after $CCI_4$-intoxicated. 4. Total protein increased with statistical significance in the Woolgum aqua-acupuncture treated group after $CCI_4$-intoxicated. 5. Albumin was increased with statistical significance in the Woolgum aqua-acupuncture treated group after $CCI_4$-intoxicated. The saline aqua-acupuncture treated group after $CCI_4$-intoxicated was not recognized as compared with $CCI_4$-intoxicated group. 6. Triglyceride was increased with statistical significance in the Woolgum aqua-acupuncture treated group after $CCI_4$-intoxicated. 7. WBC was decreased with statistical significance in the Woolgum aqua-acupuncture treated group after $CCI_4$-intoxicated. In WBC count, the Woolgum aqua-acupuncture higher level significant compared with the saline aqua-acupuncture treated group after $CCI_4$-intoxicated. 8. Lymphocyte was decreased with statistical significance in the Woolgum aqua-acupuncture treated group after $CCI_4$-intoxicated. 9. Neutrophils was increased with statistical significance in the Woolgum aqua-acupuncture treated group after $CCI_4$-intoxicated. The saline aqua-acupuncture treated group after $CCI_4$-intoxicated was not recognized as compared with $CCI_4$-intoxicated group. From above results, it is suggested that the Woolgum aqua-acupuncture had significant effects on the injury induced by $CCI_4$.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.105-113
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• 2004

This study investigated the synergy effects of hot water soluble extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus and dietarty carnitine on the lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense system of rats on hypercholesterol diets. Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed either a hypercholesterol diet with water or a hot water soluble extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus and dietarty carnitine. The experimental groups consisted of the control group (CO), the group supplied with hot water soluble extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus(ES), and the group supplied with hot water soluble extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus and dietarty carnitine(ESC). Eleutherococcus senticosus was extracted, made into 0.5% solution, and fed to the ES and ESC groups. A 3% carnitine diet was supplied to the ESC group. Hypercholesterol diets contained 18% beef tallow and 5% cholesterol. After 4 weeks of administering these diets, serum and liver were obtained and the level of serum lipid and the activities of GOT and GPT were measured. In addition, the level of liver lipid and TBARS and the activity of GSH-Px were measured. The results were as follows: 1) Weight gain and FER in the group supplied with hot water soluble extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus and dietarty carnitine(ESC) was low significantly(P<0.05). 2) In the groups supplied with hot water soluble extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus(ES) and the group supplied with hot water soluble extract from Eleutherocorcus senticosus and dietarty carnitine(ESC), total serum cholesterol levels were both significantly low (P<0.05,P.0.01). 3) Serum GOT activity was significantly low(P<0.05) in the group supplied with hot water soluble extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus(ES) and in the group supplied with hot water soluble extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus and dietary carnitine(ESC). There was no difference between serum GPT activity in the control group and the groups supplied with hot water soluble extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus or dietary carnitine. 4) Liver triglyceride was low (P.0.05) in the group supplied with hot water soluble extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus and dietarty carnitine(ESC). No difference was observed in other lipid composition, TBARS level, and GSH-px activity in liver between the control group and the experimental groups. In summary, the effects of hot water soluble extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus and dietarty carnitine on the lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense system (such as weight gain, FER, total serum cholesterol and liver triglyceride) were low when Eleutherococcus senticosus and dietarty carnitine were supplied simultaneously.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.562-566
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the supplementary effects of giant embryonic rice, which has over two times of embryo size compared the normal rice, on lipid metabolism of insulin dependent diabetic rats. Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats were fed four kinds of experimental diets com starch diet as a control (C-D), a polished rice diet (R-D), a brown rice diet (BR-D) and a giant embryonic rice diet (GER-D) respectively, for 6 weeks. Diet intake body weight, organ weights and lipid levels of serum, liver and feces were measured. There was significant difference in diet intake and body weight among experimental groups. The concentrations of serum triglyceride and total serum cholesterol of BR-D and GER-D groups were lower than those of others. The total hepatic cholesterol level was the lowest in GER-D group. The contents of total lipid and total cholesterol excreted in feces of BR-D and GER-D groups were higher than those of C-D and R-D groups. These results suggested the giant embryonic rice diets can effectively reduce serum triglyceride level and total hepatic cholesterol level in insulin dependent diabetic rats, and hypolipidemic effects be due to increasing fecal lipid excretion.