• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.196-204
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• 2003

Aqueous extract of Enicostemma littorale is reported to have antidiabetic activity. In the present investigation, we studied the effect of aqueous extract of E. littorale and its different fractions i.e., toluene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol fractions and remaining residual fraction in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced neonatal type 2 diabetic rats. Fasting glucose and insulin levels in NIDDM were significantly (P<0.05) higher than control rats and they were significantly decreased by treatment with aqueous extract of E. littorale and its n-butanol and ethyl acetate fractions. Results of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) showed that aqueous extract and its n-butanol and ethyl acetate fractions significantly (P<0.05) decrease both $AUC_{glucose}$ and $AUC_{insulin}$ values in NIDDM treated groups. Insulin sensitivity $(K_{ITT})$ index of NIDDM control was significantly lower as compared to normal control and this was significantly (P<0.05) increased after treatment with aqueous extract, its n-butanol and ethyl acetate fractions. Treatment with aqueous extract of E. littorale and its n-butanol and ethyl acetate fractions lowered the elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels observed in NIDDM rats. Treatment with aqueous extract of E. littorale and its n-butanol fraction showed significant decrease in creatinine, urea, SGPT and SGOT levels as compared to NIDDM control rats. However ethyl acetate fraction showed significant changes only in creatinine and SGOT levels, and not in the levels of urea, and SGPT as compared to NIDDM control rats. Treatment with toluene, chloroform and residual fractions of E. littorale did not produce any effect on glucose, insulin, triglyceride, cholesterol, creatinine, urea, SGPT or SGOT levels as compared to NIDDM control rats. Our data suggest that n-butanol and ethyl acetate fractions contain the active compounds which may be responsible for the above activity and associated complications in NIDDM diabetes mellitus.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.111-122
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• 2015

Objectives: Schizandrae fructus (Schizandra chinensis) is one of very common herbs, it is known as natural antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agent. Also some reports show that its extract works to regulate of dyslipidemia. This study was designed to investigate the effects of Schizandrae fructus chloroform fraction (SFCF) on serum lipid levels in dyslipidemic mice. Methods: The levels of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), fasting blood glucose in serum were measured. Histopathological and gene expression changes in liver tissue were also observed. Results: Oral administration of SFCF lowered levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride, which were elevated by high-fat diet. But SFCF did not affect on weight changes and serum AST, ALT levels in dyslipidemic mice. After carrying out gene ontological analysis, large numbers of genes in high-fat diet group were up-(347) or down-regulated (235). In SFCF treated mice, some changed expression of the genes was restored to normal levels, with a recovery rate of 17%. And it seems that fatty acid biosynthesis pathway was one of important key pathways to recovery. Conclusions: SFCF has beneficial effect on dyslipidemia, and could be used to prevent and treat cardiovascular disease.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.418-425
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• 1991

S-D계 흰쥐에 중성지방 혈증 유발을 위해 12% 야자종실유와, 시험유지로서 올리브유, 돈지(豚脂), 어유, 들깨유, 옥수수유, 고추종자유 및 달맞이꽃종자유를 각각 3%씩 급여하여 4주간 사육한 후 간장 및 뇌지질의 지방산 조성을 분석 검토한 바, 간장 인지질의 지방산 조성은 SFA의 함량이 많고 MUFA는 적었으며, 중성지질에서는 MUFA의 함량이 SFA보다 약간 많은 편이었고 콜레스테롤 에스테르는 SFA 함량은 적고 MUFA는 월등히 많았다. 각 획분 모두 PUFA의 함량은 적었으며 PUFA중 $C_{18:2}(n-6)$의 함량이 가장 많았다. n-3계 PUFA는 어유 및 들깨유 급여군에 비교적 많은 반면 n-6계 PUFA는 옥수수유, 고추종자유 및 달맞이꽃종자유 급여군에 많았다. 뇌인지질의 지방산 조성에서 SFA의 함량은 적은 반면 PUFA의 함량이 현저히 많았으며, n-3계 PUFA로서는 $C_{20:5}와\;C_{22:6}$이 n-6계 PUFA로서는 $C_{18:2}$가 주요 지방산을 이루고 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.97-101
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• 2001

This study was done to investigate the protective effects of Diospyrus kaki Folium on carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (200~230g) was used. Experimental groups were divided into normal group and $CCl_{4}$-treated group and then $CCl_{4}$-treated groups were divided into 7 groups: only $CCl_{4}$-treated group, methanol extract pretreated group, butanol fraction pretreated group and $H_{2}O$ fraction pretreated group, $CCl_{4}$ treated groups were injected with $CCl_{4}$ 0.6 mg/kg (ip). The activities of ananine aminotransferasein hexane, chloroform and $H_{2}O$ fraction pretreated groups were significantly decreased (p<0.05) compared to the only $CCl_{4}$-treated group and also activity of aspartate aminotransferase and hepatic malondialdehyde content in $H_{2}O$ fraction pretreated group were significantly decreased (p<0.05) compared to the only $CCl_{4}$-treated group. The activity of alkaline phosphatase in chloroform and $H_{2}O$ fraction pretreated groups were decreased compared to the only $CCl_{4}$-treated group but the difference was not statistically significant. The activity of ${\gamma}$-glutamyltranspeptidase in hexane, chloroform and ethylacetate fraction pretreated groups were significantly decreased (p<0.05) compared to the only $CCl_{4}$-treated group. The contents of cholesterol and triglyceride were not influenced in any fraction pretreated groups, but HDL-cholesterol content in hexane and chloroform fraction pretreated groups were significantly increased (p<0.05) compared to the only $CCl_{4}$-treated group. Therefore, these results demonstrate a possible hepatoprotective role of $H_{2}O$ fraction of Diospyrus kaki Folium methanol extract in carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rats.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.134-139
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• 1987

호도유의 트리글리세르드는 HPLC에 의하여 PN별로 분획하고 분취하였다. 각 트리글리세리드는 GLC에 의하여 아실탄소수별로 분획하고 PN별 트리글리세리드의 지방산조성도 분석하였다. 또한 HPLC에 의하여 분획한 각 PN별획분에서 글리세롤의 ${\beta}$위치에 결합하고 있는 지방산은 췌장리파제에의한 효소적 가수분해에 의해서 분석하였다. 호도유의 주요 트리글리세리드의 분자종은 $C_{18:2}{\cdot}C_{18:2}{\cdot}C_{18:1}$(LLO; 10.9%), $C_{18:3}{\cdot}C_{18:2}{\cdot}C_{18:2}$(LnLL; 17.6%) 및 $C_{18:2}{\cdot}C_{18:2}{\cdot}C_{18:2}$(LLL; 37.3%)이었다. ${\beta}$ 위치에 불포화지방산이 차지하는 트리글리세리드 분자종은 90%이상이었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.713-728
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• 2002

This study was performed to see effects of whole grape, grape pomace or grape juice intakes on lipid metabolism during aging in old Sprague-Dawely male rats. One hundred twenty rats of 13 months old Sprague-Dawely were blocked into eight groups according to body weight and raised for 3, 5 or 7 months with diets containing 2% (w/w) dried powders of three different pars of grape and 0.02% (w/w) CdCl₂. Body weights of Cd groups were lower than Cd free groups. Kidney and spleen weights were incre ased with age, and EEP weights of Cd groups were lower than those of Cd free groups. Total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentration in plasma increased with age. Whole grape, grape pomace or grape juice intake lowered plasma total lipid triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations, and especially grape pomace lowered them markedly. Whole grape, grape pomace or grape juice intake decreased liver total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations and increased fecal lipid excretion. Grape diets decreased and Cd administration increased TBARS concentration in LDL fraction. In conclusion, grape diets were effective in decreasing lipid levels of liver and plasma, TBARS in LDL, and in increasing HDL cholesterol. The grape pomace was most effective among three grape parts. It is plausible that grape might be recommended for the treatment or prevention of cardiovascular disease and delaying aging. (Korean J Nutrition 35 (7): 713∼728, 2002)

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1993년도 학술대회지
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• pp.110-112
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• 1993

Acidic polysaccharide from Korean red ginseng was found to inhibit pancreatic lipase activity and cause reduction of plasma triglyceride level after oral administration of corn oil emulsion to rats. Thus acidic polysaccharide may reduce plasma triglyceride through its inhibitory action on pancreatic lipase and successive inhibition of intestinal absorption of fat due to reduction of lipolysis. In the course of this experiment, we found an unknown ninhydrin positive substance in Korean red ginseng. The unknown substance was identified to be arginyl-fructosyl glucose(Arg - Fru - Glc). Coment of this new compound was $5.37\%$ in Korean red ginseng powder. Sucrase and maltase activities in mucous layer of rat jejunum were found to be inhibited by Arg-Fru-Glc. Physiological significance of the new compound was discussed based on these experimental results.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.247-256
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• 1974

한국산의 대두를 $21{\sim}25^{\circ}C$의 암소(暗所)에서 10일동안 발아(發芽)시키면서 2일 간격으로 두아(豆芽)를 채취하여 자엽부(子葉部)와 배축부(胚軸部)의 2부분으로 분리한 후 이 두 lipoxygenase activity와 triglyceride, free fatty acid, phospholipid 및 조지방(粗脂肪)의 구성지방산의 변화를 각각 비교한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. (1) 발아중 자엽부(子葉部)의 lipoxygenase activity는 2일 후부터 급속히 감소하였으나 배축부(胚軸部)에서는 2일 후부터 서서히 증가하였다. 이와같은 lipoxygenase activity의 변화는 자엽부(子葉部)에서 linoleic 및 linolenic acid의 감소경향과 배축부(胚軸部)에서 이들 지 방산의 증가경향과 동일하였다. (2) 발아중 자엽부(子葉部)에서 추출한 triglyceride fraction의 요오드값은 계속 감소 하였으나 배축부(胚軸部)에서는 큰 변화없이 일정하였으며 배축부(胚軸部)의 요오드값은 자엽부(子葉部)의 것보다 낮았다. (3) 발아중 자엽부(子葉部)의 triglyceride의 구성지방산중 palmitic acid의 함량은 큰 변화가 없었으며 stearic acid는 계속 증가하였고 oleic acid는 증감의 변화가 불규칙적이며 linoleic 및 linolenic acid는 계속 감소하였다. 그러나 배축부(胚軸部)에서는 palmitic acid의 함량은 큰 변화가 없었으며 linoleic 및 linolenie acid의 함량은 계속 약간씩 증가하였고 stearic 및 oleic acid는 불규칙적으로 함량의 변화가 심하였다. (4) 발아중 자엽부(子葉部) 및 배축부(胚軸部)에서 추출한 free fatty acid fraction의 모든 구성지방산은 불규칙하게 그 증감의 변화가 심하였다. 이와같은 현상은 lipase의 분해로 생성된 각종 지방산은 생합성(生合成)과정이나 에너지 발생과정에 무작위(無作爲)하게 이용되기 때문인 것으로 추측된다. (5) 발아증 기수(奇數)탄소수의 지방산은 전혀 발견되지 않았는바 이는 대두발아중 지방산은 $C_2$-unit로 분해 및 이용되기 때문인 것으로 추측된다. (6) 자엽부(子葉部) 및 배축부(胚軸部)에서 추출한 phospholipid 및 배축부(胚軸部)의 모든 구성지방산의 변화는 triglyceride fraction의 지방산의 변화경향과 비슷하었다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.128-136
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the antidiabetic and antioxidative effect of Lycii fructus in the Streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The effective fractions were prepared as a form of organic solvents of $CH_{3}(CH_{2})_{4}CH_{3}$ $CHCI_{3}$, EtOAc, BuOH and $H_{2}O$ fractions prepared from the EtOH extract of Lycii fructus and The diabetes were induced by an tail-intravenous injection of STZ with a dose of 45 mg/kg dissolved in citrate buffer. The various fractions of Lycii fructus were orally administrated once a day for 7 days. The contents of serum glucose, and triglyceride in the $CHCI_{3}$ fraction and hepatic lipid peroxidation in the EtOAc, BuOH and $H_{2}O$ fractions treated rats were significantly decreased when compared to those of the STZ-control group In addition, an activity of hepatic GST in the BuOH fraction treated rats was significantly increased compared to that of the STZ-control group. whereas, activities of hepatic catalase, GSH-Px in the BuOH fraction treated rats were significantly decreased compared to those of the STZ-control group. Meanwhile, The content of hepatic glycogen and avtivity of hepatic glucokinase in $CHCI_{3}$ fraction treated rats were significantly increased, but activity of glucose-6-pase was significantly decreased in the $CHCI_{3}$ fraction treated rats. In conclusion, these results indicated that the BuOH fraction of Lycii fructus was effective for the antioxidation, and also the $CHCI_{3}$ fraction of Lycii fructus was effective for the antidiabetes in the STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.318-323
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• 1986

한국산 호도의 단백질 및 지방성분을 gel filtration, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 아미노산분석기, thin layer chromatography 및 gas liquid chromatography에 의하여 분석하였고 그 일반성분은 조단백질의 22.18%, 조지질이 64.23%였다. 호도 단백질의 sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis에 의한 결과 12개의 band를 나타내었고 분획된 주단백질의 수득율은 60.67%였으며 이것의 분자량은 43,000이었다. 아미노산 조성은 17종류로써 glutamic acid가 38.60%로써 가장 많았고 다음은 arginine이 9.45%, aspartic acid가 6.55% 순으로 나타났으며 필수아미노산이 고르게 함유되어 있었다. 호도기름에는 중성지질이 93.05%이나 복합지질은 약 7.0%에 불과하였으며 중성지질의 성분으로써 82.05%가 triglyceride였고 sterol ester 및 유리지방산이 각각 3.85% 및 4.80%였다. 호도의 총지질과 중성, 당 및 인지질의 지방산 조성은 oleic acid 및 linoleic acid가 각각 $13.89{\sim}15.36%,\;64.48{\sim}69.98%$였고 중성지질에서 분별된 triglyceride의 지방산 조성은 linoleic acid가 69.98%로 가장 높은 함량이었다.