• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.302-307
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to determine the changes in pain and breathing function when kinesio taping is applied to patients with myofacial trigger points on sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle. Methods: The subjects were 25 males and females aged 20 to 30 years (male 10, female 15). They were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group to be applied with kinesio taping. Kinesio taping was applied to SCM muscle three times per week for two weeks. Pain triggered when the taut band or nodule was palpated was measured. Pain intensity was measured using the visual analog scale (VAS). The breathing function was measured using forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and FEV1/FVC ratio. In all subjects, VAS, breathing function was measured before and after intervention. Results: In the experimental group, pain in the SCM was relieved as VAS showed a significant decrease and FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC ratio showed a significant increase. Comparison between the groups, showed significant differences in VAS and the FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC ratio. Conclusion: These results suggest that myofascial pain on SCM muscle is thought a factor that affects the breathing function.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.221-227
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• 2010

MyoFascial Pain Syndrome(MFPS) is defined as a regional pain syndrome characterized by muscle pain caused by myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). Myofascial pain is a common cause of persistent regional pain such as neck pain, shoulder pain, headaches, and orofacial pain. Clinicians who deal with orofacial pain must also understand the role of myofascial pain. This case report presents the treatment of botulinum toxin A for chronic myofascial pain.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.213-218
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to report the case prognosis and evaluate treatment and prevention of pneumothorax after acupuncture treatment. Methods : A 32-year-old slender male complained of pain in the interscapular area. As a result, acupuncture needling and manual technique were performed to trigger the points of trapezius and rhomboid muscles. After this, chest pain and dyspnea occurred. Pneumothorax was confirmed by chest radiography and symptom progression was observed for 14 days while high pressure oxygen was administered. Results : The chest pain disappeared after 4 days of pneumothorax, and most of the related symptoms disappeared after 14 days. Conclusion : For acupuncture treatment to the interscapular area, the depth and manual technique should be carefully performed.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.315-323
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• 1999

The 63 patients(20 males, 43 females) were treated for their trigeminal neuralgia at the Department. of Oral Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital from 1993 to 1998. All the patients were treated for their trigeminal neuralgia by conservative methods such as medication, and Electric Acupuncture Stimulation Therapy The obtained results were as follows: 1. Trigeminal neuralgia was mainly involved in the patients of past forties, women and acute group. 2. 50.8% of patients were related to maxillary branches of trigeminal nerves. The trigger points were on gingivae, cheeks, teeth, lips in order. 3. 55.6% of patients with trigeminal neuralgia had systemic diseases and 39.7% were related to dental practices. 4. Success rate of the treatments was 71.4% and the recurrence rate was 26.3%. 5. The refractory factors in improving symptoms were chronic history, involvement of complex branches, and experience of prosthodontic treatments.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.269-280
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• 1999

구강안면동통환자의 발통점에 대한 보존적 치료방법중 저출력레이저의 효과를 평가하기 위해 교근, 측두근과 승모근에 발통점을 가진 치과대학생 69명을 무작위로 분류하여 37명에게는 GaAlAs 반도체 레이저를 조사하였고 나머지 32명은 레이저를 실제로 조사하지 않고 대조군으로 삼았다. 50mW, 820nm의 GaAlAs 반도체 레이저를 이용하여, 4주 동안 첫 주는 2회, 이후 3주 동안 1회씩 총 5회 조사하였고 전자통각계를 이용하여 압력통각역치를 측정한 후 이를 대조군과 비교한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 남녀 및 조사군과 비조사군의 치료 전 압력통각역치는 차이가 없었다. 2. 조사군의 각 근육에서 측정한 압력통각역치는 레이저 치료 2주 후부터 유의하게 높아졌으나 비조사군에서는 차이가 없었다, 3. 비조사군의 치료 전, 후 압력통각역치에는 성 차가 없었다. 반면 종사군의 압력통각역치는 치료 전에는 성 차가 없었으나 치료 후에는 남성이 여성보다 유의하게 높았다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2015

Antifreeze proteins and glycoproteins [AF(G)Ps] constitute a group of proteins that lower the freezing but not the melting points of aqueous solutions, enabling polar and north-temperate fish to survive in ice-laden environments. However, little is known about antifreeze activity in temperate fish; such work would extend our knowledge on the functions and evolution of AF(G)Ps. In the present study, we screened for antifreeze activity in temperate fish caught off the coast of Jumunjin ($37.89^{\circ}N$), Gangneung, Korea. Thermal hysteresis (TH) and the ability to inhibit ice recrystallization (IR) in blood, liver, and muscle samples from nine fish were examined to assess antifreeze activity. As the East Sea off the coast of Jumunjin is ice-free year round, we thought it most unlikely that the fish would express antifreeze proteins. Surprisingly, the blood of Pleurogrammus azonus and three types of tissue from Gymnocanthus herzensteini, Zoarces gilli and Kareius bicoloratus exhibited measurable TH values together with the ability to trigger characteristic morphological changes in ice crystals. Blood samples from the three species also evidenced ice recrystallization (IR) inhibition. This implies that AF(G)Ps or other antifreeze-like substances are present in temperate fish even under nonfreezing conditions. These results contribute to our understanding of the functions and origins of antifreeze activity in fish.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2005

This paper shows a satellite battery cell voltage monitor system to make differential voltage measurements when one or both measurement points are beyond voltage range allowed by a conventional differential amplifier. This system is particularly useful for monitoring the individual cell voltage of series-connected cells that constitute a rechargeable satellite battery in which some cell voltages must be measured in the presence of high common mode voltage.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.136-140
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• 2016

Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is one of the common musculoskeletal conditions of the shoulder which may develop sensory-motor and autonomic dysfunctions at the various level of the neuromuscular system. The pain and dysfunction caused by MPS were primarily treated with physical therapy and pharmacological agents in order to achieve painfree movements. However, in recent years intramuscular electrical stimulation (IMES) with conventional electrode placement was used by researchers to maximise therapeutic values. But, in this study an inverse electrode placement was used to deliver electrical impulses intramuscularly to achieve neuro-modulation at the various level of the nervous system. Nine patients with MPS were treated with intramuscular electrode stimulation using inversely placed electrodes for a period of three weeks. All nine subjects recovered from their shoulder pain and disability within the few weeks of intervention. So, this inverse electrode placement may be more appropriate for chronic pain management.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

Most dental pain is caused by an organic problem such as dental caries, periodontitis, pulpitis, or trauma. Diagnosis and treatment of these symptoms are relatively straightforward. However, patients often also complain of abnormal dental pain that has a non-dental origin, whose diagnosis is challenging. Such abnormal dental pain can be categorized on the basis of its cause as referred pain, neuromodulatory pain, and neuropathic pain. When it is difficult to diagnose a patient's dental pain, these potential alternate causes should be considered. In this clinical review, we have presented a case of referred pain from the digastric muscle (Patient 1), of pulpectomized (Patient 2), and of pulpectomized pain (Patient 3) to illustrate referred, neuromodulatory, and neuropathic pain, respectively. The Patient 1 was advised muscle stretching and gentle massage of the trigger points, as well as pain relief using a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline. The pain in Patient 2 was relieved completely by the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline. In Patient 3, the pain was controlled using either a continuous drip infusion of adenosine triphosphate or intravenous Mg2+ and lidocaine administered every 2 weeks. In each case of abnormal dental pain, the patient's diagnostic chart was used (Fig.2 and 3). Pain was satisfactorily relieved in all cases.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.285-290
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• 2007

A wavelength-demodulation algorithm for FBG sensor is proposed by using a double-pass Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Zero-crossing points of double-passed interference signal are used to trigger the accurate $90^{\circ}C$ phase difference positions in the sensor signal, which is an essential condition in the subsequent arctangent and phase unwrapping signal processing. With the proposed method, we could efficiently measure various measurands, such as dynamic-, static-strain, and temperature, and ${\sim}8pm$ of wavelength resolution was obtained.