• Computers and Concrete
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.85-94
• /
• 2019

The ACI building code is allowing for higher strength reinforcement and concrete compressive strengths. The nominal strength of high-strength concrete columns is over predicted by the current ACI 318 rectangular stress block and is increasingly unconservative as higher strength materials are used. Calibration of a rectangular stress block to address this condition leads to increased computational complexity. A triangular stress block, derived from the general shape of the stress-strain curve for high-strength concrete, provides a superior solution. The nominal flexural and axial strengths of 150 high-strength concrete columns tests are calculated using the proposed stress distribution and compared with the predicted strength using various design codes and proposals of other researchers. The proposed triangular stress model provides similar level of accuracy and conservativeness and is easily incorporated into current codes.

• Advances in concrete construction
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2019

The conventional ACI rectangular stress block is developed on the basis of normal-strength concrete column tests and it is still being used for the design of high-strength concrete members. Many research papers found in the literature indicate that the nominal strength of high-strength concrete members appears to be over-predicted by the ACI rectangular stress block. This is especially true for HSC columns. The general shape of the stress-strain curve of high-strength concrete becomes more likely as a triangle. A triangular stress block is, therefore, introduced in this paper. The proposed stress block is verified using a database which consists of 52 tested singly reinforced high-strength concrete beams having concrete strength above 55 MPa (8,000 psi). In addition, the proposed model is compared with models of various design codes and proposals of researchers found in the literature. The nominal flexural strengths computed using the proposed stress block are in a good agreement with the tested data as well as with that obtained from design codes models and proposals of researchers.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.13-20
• /
• 2009

The IPSAP which is a finite element analysis program has been developed for high parallel performance computing. This program consists of various analysis modules - stress, vibration and thermal analysis module, etc. The M orthogonal block Lanczos algorithm with shiftinvert transformation is used for solving eigenvalue problems in the vibration module. And the multifrontal algorithm which is one of the most efficient direct linear equation solvers is applied to factorization and triangular system solving phases in this block Lanczos iteration routine. In this study, the performance enhancement procedures of the IPSAP are composed of the following stages: 1) communication volume minimization of the factorization phase by modifying parallel matrix subroutines. 2) idling time minimization in triangular system solving phase by partial inverse of the frontal matrix and the LCM (least common multiple) concept.

• International Journal of Railway
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.160-168
• /
• 2013

A spiral lattice girder-reinforced Bi-block sleeper which has enhanced durability against increasingly growing impact force and vibration by wheel load and improved structural performance while train runs at 350km/h high speed is hereby proposed. The section of a spiral lattice girder has stable and superior structural performance thanks to its confinement effect. To compare and analyze the structural performance of spiral lattice girder-reinforced bi-block sleeper, strain and stress distribution were evaluated after applying same load condition as existing triangular lattice girder-reinforced biblock sleeper, and to compare the structural performance of triangular lattice girder and spiral lattice girder, structural analysis of lattice girder was performed separately. As a result, a spiral lattice girder proved to have had superior structural characteristics to bi-block sleeper, and furthermore as a result of evaluating the fastener interface and constructibility with shape-improved lattice girder, no interference with existing railroad structure was found and in terms of cost efficiency, a spiral lattice girder appeared to be superior to existing lattice girder.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.375-385
• /
• 2023

There are many joint fissures distributed in the engineering rock mass. In the process of geological history, the underground rock mass undergoes strong geological processes, and undergoes complex geological processes such as fracture breeding, expansion, recementation, and re-expansion. In this paper, the damage-stick-slip process (DSSP), an analysis model used for rock mass failure slip, was established to examine the master control and time-dependent mechanical properties of the new and primary fractures of a multi-fractured rock mass under the action of stress loading. The experimental system for the recemented multi-fractured rock mass was developed to validate the above theory. First, a rock mass failure test was conducted. Then, the failure stress state was kept constant, and the fractured rock mass was grouted and cemented. A secondary loading was applied until the grouted mass reached the intended strength to investigate the bearing capacity of the recemented multi-fractured rock mass, and an acoustic emission (AE) system was used to monitor AE events and the update of damage energy. The results show that the initial fracture angle and direction had a significant effect on the re-failure process of the cement rock mass; Compared with the monitoring results of the acoustic emission (AE) measurements, the master control surface, key blocks and other control factors in the multi-fractured rock mass were obtained; The triangular shaped block in rock mass plays an important role in the stress and displacement change of multi-fracture rock mass and the long fissure and the fractures with close fracture tip are easier to activate, and the position where the longer fractures intersect with the smaller fractures is easier to generate new fractures. The results are of great significance to a multi-block structure, which affects the safety of underground coal mining.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.29 no.9_10 s.146
• /
• pp.1359-1368
• /
• 2005

When we develop the tight-fit 2D pattern from the 3D scan data, segmentation of the 3D scan data into several parts is necessary to make a curved surface into a flat plane. In this study, Garland's method of triangle simplification was adopted to reduce the number of data point without distorting the original shape. The Runge-Kutta method was applied to make triangular patch from the 3D surface in a 2D plane. We also explored the detailed arrangement method of small 2D patches to make a tight-fit pattern for a male body. As results, minimum triangle numbers in the simplification process and efficient arrangement methods of many pieces were suggested for the optimal 2D pattern development. Among four arrangement methods, a block method is faster and easier when dealing with the triangle patches of male's upper body. Anchoring neighboring vertices of blocks to make 2D pattern was observed to be a reasonable arrangement method to get even distribution of stress in a 2D plane.