• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.122-126
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• 2015

Background and Objective : Laryngeal microscopic surgery (LMS) is popular method to treat for vocal polyp. There is not always the improvement of the voice after operation. Many methods have been developed for better outcome of the surgery. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the triamcinolone injection at vocal cord during LMS. Materials and Methods : The medical records of 28 patients, received LMS under diagnosis of vocal polyp, were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups depending on whether triamcinolone injected or not (case group : Triamcinolone-injected group, control group : Triamcinolone-not injected group). The quality of voice was evaluated by GRBAS scale, fundamental frequency (Fo), jitter, shimmer and NHR (Noise to harmonic ratio) at previous operation, 4 weeks after operation, 8 weeks after operation. Each voice analysis factor was compared between case group and control group by Independent t-test. Results : The mean differences of each voice analysis factor. The mean difference of Jitter, Shimmer, NHR in case group were lower than in control group, and mean difference of GRBAS scale in case group were higher than in control group. These differences were not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion : Though there was a tendency of better voice outcome in patients of triamcinolone-injection, it may not be concluded that the triamcinolone injection is helpful for better voice outcome in surgery of vocal polyp due to statistical insignificance.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.45-56
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• 2003

This study investigated the effects of triamcinolone acetonide by iontophoretic transdermal drug delivery on anti-inflammatory action into the human which had excentric exercise-induced delayed onset muscle soreness in the non-dominant arm. The degree of anti-inflammation was evaluated creatine posphokinase(CPK) by serum enzyme activity and subjective pain threshold by soreness muscle scale in clinical study. The results Were as follows; 1. In a subjective pain scale, all groups showed non-significant difference but, showed a tendency to decrease numerical value in human. 2. In the serum CPK level, iontophoresis group showed more significant reduction than other groups at 24, 48 and 72 hours. From the results, the iontophoresis with triamcinolone acetonide is more effective than using each groups. The continuous study is needed for many interesting issues of iontophoretic transdermal drug delivery in new future.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.118-122
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• 2001

Complex regional pain syndrome type I of vascular origin is difficult to detect unless the classic symptoms and signs exist and/or overt extremity trauma has precipitated the pain. The diagnosis is confirmed by relief of pain following a sympathetic nerve blockade. A 36-year-old woman with arterial occlusive disease of the right lower extremity presented with burning pain and hyperesthesia after sprain had occurred which was accompanied by motor weakness of right ankle. A lumbar sympathetic ganglion blockade with 2% lidocaine 10 ml and triamcinolone 80 mg produced prompt improvement of the pain and motion.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.206-206
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• 2002

The bioequivalence of two 4 mg triamcinolone tablets (Dong-Kwang $\textrm{Tramcinolone}^{(R)}$ vs. Wyeth Korea $\textrm{Ledercoat}^{(R)}$) was assesed in healthy male Korean volunteers after oral administration of 16 mh triamcinolone in a randomized crossover study. Blood samples were collected at specified time intervals, and plasma was analyzed for triamcinolone using a validated HPLC method. The pharmacokinetic parameters of $T_{max}$, $C_{max}$, $AUC_{0{\longrightarrow}last}$. $AUC_{0{\longrightarrow}imf}$, and $T_{1/2,\beta}$ were determined from plasma concentration-time profile of two formulations. The pharmacokinetic parameters were statistically compared to evaluate bioequivalence between two formulations, according to the United State or Korea Food and Drug Administration Guidelines. The analysis of variance did not show any signigicant difference between the two formulations and 90% confidence limits fell within the acceptable range (80-120%) for bioequivalence. Based on these data it was concluded that the two products showed comparable pharmacokinetic profiles and that the Dong-Kwang $\textrm{Tramcinolone}^{(R)}$ tablet is bioequivalent to the $\textrm{Ledercoat}^{(R)}$ tablet produced by Wyeth Korea.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.63-67
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• 2016

Background: The subciliary approach is commonly used for reconstruction of orbital wall or zygomaticomaxillary fractures. However, this approach is associated with postoperative complications, especially lower eyelid malposition. We report the experience of managing postoperative lower eyelid malposition with triamcinolone acetonide. Methods: A retrospective review was performed for all traumatic facial fractures requiring surgery via the subciliary approach at Chosun University Hospital in 2014. For each patient meeting inclusion criteria, the medical chart was reviewed for demographic information and postoperative course, including the presence of postoperative eyelid malposition or scleral show. Results: The review identified 189 cases in which the subciliary approach was used, and postoperative lower eyelid malposition was found in 7 cases (3.7%). For these 7 patients, the mean therapeutic period (interval to correction of the malposition) was 10.5 weeks (range, 8 to 14 weeks). On average, patients received 3 injections of triamcinolone. In all cases, degrees of the malposition were improved, and none of the patients required an operative intervention to correct the malposition. Conclusion: Triamcinolone injection is an appropriate treatment modality for lower eyelid malposition after subciliary approach. Treatment duration is relatively short, requiring fewer than 4 outpatient clinic visits, with relatively earlier recovery compared to conservative "wait-and-see" management.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.15-18
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• 2005

Background: Epidural steroid injections (ESI) have been used widely for the treatment of back and radiating extremity pain. Although its effects on the metabolic and endocrine system have been studied, the effects following repeated injections remain to be determined. We studied the effects of three repeated caudal epidural injections of low dose triamcinolone. Methods: the subject were 10 elderly women with spinal stenosis. Caudal epidural injections were performed biweekly. Triamcinolone (20 mg), mixed with 15 ml of 0.25% lidocaine, was used as the ESI injectate. The procedures were performed with the patient in the prone position. Blood sampling was performed just before the first injection, and used as the baseline, and then just before each injection on the same day of the 2nd and 4th weeks, with the last samples taken 2 weeks after the third injection. Results: The blood glucose concentrations showed no significant changes. The blood cortisol and ACTH concentrations were significantly decreased after the first injection, but there were no further decreases after each of the subsequent injections. The cortisol concentrations were maintained within the normal range. Conclusion: Caudal epidural injections, with low dose triamcinolone, suppressed the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, but no further suppression followed the subsequent repeated injections. Three consecutive caudal injections at 2 week intervals seems to be a safe procedure.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 2002

This study is to enhance drug penetration via skin and investigate anti-inflammation effect following adoption of ultrasound. For this goal gel containing triamcinolone was prepared and the skin penetration rate and the change effects of blood plasma ingredients and serum enzyme were investigated. Using Franz type diffusion cell and the skin of hairless mouse, the permeation enhancing effect of ultrasound was tested. After the injury by direct trauma, the blood test was performed by measuring WBC, lymphocyte, and neutrophyl, and by analyzing CPK and LDH. The ultrasound transducer whose technical specification is geometric area(GA) $1.4\;cm^2$, effective radiation area(ERA) $0.8\;cm^2$, and beam non-uniformity ratio(BNR) 6.0 max was used. The influence of frequency having an effect on skin permeation rate was higher in the case of using 1MHz and continuous treatment. The temperature of receptor phase was not influenced in skin permeation by phonophoresis. Skin permeation increase attended by intensity of ultrasound, the permeation of triamcinolone was accelerated at $2.5\;w/cm^2\;than\;1.0\;w/cm^2$. Following muscle injury phonophoretic group the number of WBC, neutrophil and lympholyte were decreased significantly as compared with both control group and ultrasound group. The result of variation of serum CPK and LDH activity conformed to the phonophoretic effect as same pattern with the variation of WBC, neutrophil and lymphocyte.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.227-231
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• 1996

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is one of the most common diseases of ulcerative oral mucosal lesions and its cause remains elusive. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic effect of topical steroids for the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. We performed the study with 50 cases who had visited to our office for the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis during the recent five years. We devided 50 cases into five groups. Group 1 is that triamcinolone of 0.1-0.2mg was injected into the submucosal lesions of ulcerations. Group 2 is that the gargling of 5ml with triamcinolone tablet of 2mg was used three times per day for seven days. Group 3 is that the gargling of 5ml with betamethasone tablet 0.5mg was used three times per day for seven days. Group 4 is that tetracycline gargling was used six times per day for seven days. Group 5 is that normal saline gargling was used six times per day for seven days. The retrospective analysis of results were as follows : Betamethasone gargling was effective in the treatment of minor aphthous stomatitis and the submucosal injection of triamcinolone was effective in the treatment of major aphthous stomatitis, but none of the different therapeutic methods was effective for herpetiform stomatitis. In the evaluation of mean recurrence periods, the triamcinolone gargling and betamethasone gargling showed longer asymptomatic periods than other methods. We concluded that some kinds of topical steroids can be used for the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis but the proper selection of agents according to the type of the disease is important for the treatment.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 1999

ALP (alkaline phosphatase) is a membrane-bound metalloenzyme that is expressed in osteoblasts, hepatocytes, lung, kidney, endothelial cells, leukocytes and other cells. Normal soft tissue and skin show little tissue nonspecific ALP (TN-AP), However, scar tissue contains high levels of TN-AP activity, and in fact, TN-AP is expressed intensely in regenerating connective tissue after the wounding. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change of ALP expression in hypertrophic scar model in rabbits and the effect of triamcinonolone on ALP expression. Adult male New Zealand white rabbits, weighing about 2.5 kg, were used. After full-thickeness wounding over the ventral surface of each ear, either saline (control ear) or triamcinolone (contralateral ear) was injected on day 16. Rabbits were sacrificed on day 3, 7, 15, 17, 19, 23, and the specimens were retrieved en bloc. Histologic and immunohistochemical examinations of tissue samples were done. The results obtained were as follows: On day 3, ALP reaction was observed on fibroblasts and inflammatory cells in wound margin. On day 7, ALP reaction was more intense than day p in capillaries, inflammtory cells, and fibroblasts behind newly formed epithelium. On day 15, ALP reaction was lessened in both groups and appeared mainly in subepidermal capillary network, Since day 17, ALP reaction was lessened in both groups and weaker in triamcinolone-injected group than in saline-injected group. These results suggest that ALP reaction isn't increased in triamcinolone-injected scar and triamcinolone reduces scar not by increasing TN-AP expression but other mechanism.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.72-76
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• 2006

Background: The objective of this study was to describe the extent of pain relief after an epidural steroid injection in the patients suffering from chronic low back pain from herniated disks or lumbar spinal stenosis. Methods: The study was prospectively designed for patients suffering with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) and herniated disks (HD) who were referred to a hospital-based pain clinic for epidural steroid injections (ESI). The pain was assessed with using a visual analog scale at baseline, two weeks after the first ESI and two weeks after the third ESI. Results: Eighty patients were enrolled, and all of them provided pain ratings before and after the injections. The LSS patients seemed to improve less than did the HD patients. The results showed no significant differences in the triamcinolone dosage and the frequency of injections for determining the efficacy of ESI. Conclusions: The LSS patients tended to have a less effective respond to ESIs than did the HD patients. The unsatisfactory response to ESI by the LSS patients underscores the need for randomized controlled trials of performing ESI in this population.