• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.443-446
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• 2012

Purpose: Telomeres play a key role in the maintenance of chromosome integrity and stability, and telomere shortening is involved in initiation and progression of malignancies. The aim of this study was to determine whether telomere length is associated with the colorectal carcinoma. Patients and methods: A total of 148 colorectal cancer (CRC) samples and corresponding adjacent non-cancerous tissues were evaluated for telomere length, P53 mutation, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mutation detected by fluorescent immunohistochemistry. Telomere length was estimated by real-time PCR. Samples with a T/S>1.0 have an average telomere length greater than that of the standard DNA; samples with a T/S<1.0 have an average telomere length shorter than that of the standard DNA. Results: Telomeres were shorter in CRCs than in adjacent tissues, regardless of tumor stage and grade, site, or genetic alterations (P=0.004). Telomere length in CRCs also had differences with COX-2 status (P=0.004), but did not differ with P53 status (P=0.101), tumor progression (P=0.244), gender (P=0.542), and metastasis (P=0.488). There was no clear trend between T/S optimal cut-off values (<1 or > 1) and colorectal tumor progression, metastasis, gender, P53 and COX-2 status. Conclusion: These findings suggesting that telomere shortening is associated with colorectal carcinogenesis but does not differ with tumor progression, gender, and metastasis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.283-294
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• 1988

To study the factors related to childhood obesity, 75 subjects were selected as an obese group and 75 subjects were selected as a control group according to their obesity index and BMI among the 583 children of 5th and 6th grade in elementary school in Seoul. For each subject, skinfold thickness was measured, information on the characteristics of family, nutrient intake and activity time of the subjects were obtained by questionnarie. The results were summarized as following: 1) Parents' obesity indices of obese group were significantly higher than those of control group(Father's Obesity Index : P<0.01, Mother's Obesity Index : P<0.05). 2) Questions about eating rate and behavior showed that subjects in obese group were significantly faster in their eating rate(p<0.05) and always more eager to eat food(p<0.001) compared to control group. 3) Dietary intake data showed that average daily intake of all the nutrients exceeded Korean recommended dietary allowances for the age group. In female children, fat intakes of obese group were significantly higher than control group(P<0.05). There was no such significant difference in male subjects. 4) Activity time record of subjects reveal that there was a trend for males to spend more time in moderate and high activity and less time in light activity compared to females. Subjects in obese group spent significantly more time for light activity(P<0.001) and significantly less time for moderate activity (P<0.001) compared to subjects in control group. The difference of activity was more pronounced in male subjects. 5) Correlation matrix of the variables showed that obesity index, BMI, and skinfold thickness of the subjects were highly correlated with each other. These indices were positively correlated to parent's obesity indices and the time spent for light activity, but negatively correlated to the time spent for moderate activity. Nutrient intakes were not significantly correlated to obesity indices. Form the results shown above, although both obese and control groups are from high socioeconomic class, obese children tended to come from family with fat parents. They eat fast and are always eager to eat. They tend to eat more fat but are very different from controls in nutrient intake. Obese children are significantly lower in their actinity compared to controls. So, for the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity, it seems to be more important to increase their activity levels.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.119-128
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• 1998

On account of the recent improvement in performance of brown layers, the market share taken by brown layers has increased to about 50% in the world and to almost 100% in Korea. There are several other reasons why the industry has moved from white to brown, such as : brown layers are used to be more robust, more docile and easier to manage ; e brown layers are easier to sex at the hatchery ; brown layers lay less second grade eggs, due to a better shell Quality ; brown eggs seem to be more attractive than white ; and a clear consumer preference, thus a better price per egg. More recently, however, the trend towards brown eggs has been slowing down. The main reasons for this lie in that white layers can still produce an egg at a lower cost and that white eggs have better de-shelling properties, easier candling and higher yolk and solid content of the liquid egg which are benefits for egg processing industry. Although the performance of the brown layers is still improving, there are increasing opinions in the poultry industry that the market portion of white layers should be increased based on the following reasons, such as : shell color has no effect on the nutritive value of eggs ; . brown layers consume more feed ; the percentage of meat spots is significantly higher in brown eggs than in white eggs ; . brown layers are less efficient in the second cycle of production than in the first ; white layers are more resistant to the disease of fowl typhoid. In order to increase the market share of white layers in Korea, it may be needed to enlighten the consumers not to prefer the brown and large eggs and to inform the excellencies of white eggs widely.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.467-480
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• 2015

According to the 2015 Revised Curriculum, elementary school students will study software education for only 17 hours. Under these guidelines, it is impossible for student to achieve the objectives of software education. Therefore, we developed the software education curriculum model for elementary schools. After analyzing international and domestic trend in software education curricula, we developed a framework for software education that is divided into three parts: software, computer systems, and fusion activity. Each part has seven, color-coded levels that resemble a rainbow. This allows students to move to the next level after completing the achievement goals of the previous level, regardless of their grade. We expect that this model will be used in the future to develop textbooks, teaching materials, and tools for software education.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.191-207
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• 2021

Recently, the number of multicultural families has significantly increased in Korea, and this trend creates a need to understand how successfully students from multicultural families achieve their mathematics learning. To understand and predict the changes in mathematics learning achievement of these students over time, we conducted in this study a latent growth mixture model analysis. The study findings show that the majority (92%) of the students from multicultural families experience a decrease in their mathematics achievement over time as their grade level goes up. It was found, in particular, that female students are likely to have lower initial achievements and rapid decline over time more than male students and that the decline over time was more severe for female students than their male counterparts. The findings of this study convey several implications on the how to support the students from multicultural families. First, the result of this study was different from the outcomes of previous studies that presented the income of the household and the education level of the students' parents as major factors that determine the academic achievement of the students from multicultural families. Furthermore, the study indicates the need for more research to identify variables related to the mathematical achievements of the students from multicultural families and the need to use these research findings to develop public support plans for the students from multicultural families.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.121-138
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• 1998

With 1002 students around 8 colleges nationwide joining, the survey was on their knowledge before entering their school, and thereafer, the degree of their satisfaction in their major and professors & lectures. 1. When they chose their major, the most influential was their parents and relatives, the largest number of 435(43.5%) replied, About the motivation for selection their jajor, 454(45.4%) answered the most it seemed to be a bright future specialty. On that question, more freshmen(51.0%) answered theyu expected good trend than sophomores and juniors and more women students(48.8%) did so than men ones.(P<.05) 2. While 619(61.8%) were familiar with major before applying, only 68(6.85%) knew their major very well at that time. More freshmen(62.5%) applied in the state of well-knowing what their major is than sophomores and juniors did.(P<.01) More women students(40.9%) applied not knowing it than the counterpart. About the time for choice, 795(79.5%) answered the most one of application days. More women students(81.0%) chose their major during the application time(P<.01) 3. The satisfaction survey shows 438(43.8%) are satisfied and 165(16.5%) are not. More men students(47.2%) are satisfied.(P<.01) The factor their satisfaction is their major come together with aptitude(44.7%), 196ppl), and the dissatisfaction factor is the difficulty of the theory and practice.(30.8%, 171ppl) 4. If they could change their major, 454(46.6%) wouldn't do so, while 541(54.4%) would shift their major to other fields. More freshmen(49.5%) wouldn't change than sophomores and juniors. Neither did more men students(4938%) than women. Within the same grade, there's no meaninful difference.(P<.01) 5. On the satisfaction in the lectures of the professors of their major, 464(46.5%) said the lecutres are excellent, 102(10.2%), they are not. About the lectures of the liberal subjects, 193(19.4%) said are excellent, 365(36.6%) are not.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.269-276
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• 2016

Recently the organizations related construction express frequently their opinion to MOLIT at the time of introducing the ICEC grade system and converting a system from responsibility supervision (RS) to construction management (CM). However there was no data to investigate the recognition of road construction engineers about the policy change. In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted and analyzed twice to the road construction engineers on the CM and ICEC grading system at the Korea Institute of Construction Technology Education. The trend of response from the road construction engineers was verified through the survey separately from other institutions. This study analyzed the results and introduced a desirable policy proposal to promote an international competitiveness of the engineering industry.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.5 no.2_3
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• pp.181-192
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• 2005

The effective length method for flexural (column) buckling has been used for many decades but its use is somewhat limited in various contemporary design codes to moderately slender structures with elastic critical load factor (${\lambda}_{cr}$) less than 3 to 5. In pace with the use of higher grade steel in recent years, the influence of buckling in axial buckling resistance of a column becomes more important and the over-simplified assumption of effective length factor can lead to an unsafe, an uneconomical or a both unsafe and uneconomical solution when some members are over-designed while key elements are under-designed. Effective length should not normally be taken as the distance between nodes multiplied by an arbitrary factor like 0.85, 1.0, 2.0 etc. Further, the classification of non-sway and sway-sensitive frames makes the conventional design procedure tedious to use and, more importantly, limited to simple regular frames. This paper describes the practical use of second-order analysis with section capacity check allowing for $P-{\delta}$ and $P-{\Delta}$ effects together with member and system imperfections. Most commercial software considers only the $P-{\Delta}$ effect, but not member and frame imperfections nor $P-{\delta}$ effect, and engineers must be very careful in their uses. A verification problem is also given for validation of software for this type of powerful second-order analysis and design. It is a trend for popular and advanced national design codes in using the second-order analysis as a norm for analysis and design of steel structures while linear analysis may only be used in very simple structures.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.709-720
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to provide practical information which can prevent the adolescents from sexual derailment by identifying types of sexual attitudes and their perception of sexual abuse incidents. The results are as followings; 1. The sexual attitudes were grouped into three types: passive type, active chaser, and conservative introvert. Most adolescents belonged to passive type and least to trend of chaser. The results showed that Korean adolescents tended to be passive to the matter of sex. They also had different perceptions to sexual attitude and sexual abuse incidents in relation to their sexual attitude type, sex and grade. Thus, sex education with different contents and approaches in relation to their sexual attitude type, gender and age seems to be effective. 2. Majority of the adolescents thought sexual abuses could take place at anytime and anywhere. Belief that the offender would be a male and the victim would be a female was most common. Most respondents thought the offender would be responsible for sexual abuse, and that the offender would be a male. Most were the replies that one would report the offender and go to counselling center for help. Although these replies are very desirable, there are doubts that if they would be able to behave that way in the actual situation. That is because it is hard to get help from counselling center due to the system and the lack of counselors. Therefore, it is essential to improve the system to make it possible to give practical help to adolescents.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.537-546
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate preservice elementary school teachers' views on the relationship between science/technology and society. Freshmen (n=93) and seniors (n=82) at three universities of education were asked to express their views with 8 items in the Views On Science-Technology-Society, which consisted of two subcategories; 'influence of science/technology on society' (4 items) and 'influence of society on science/technology' (4 items). Mann-Whitney U test revealed that the scores of the freshmen were higher than those of the seniors. This trend was notable particularly in the item concerning 'influence of corporations on science/technology' and 'influence of interest groups on science/technology'. In comparing the scores by gender, a significant difference was found in the item concerning 'influence of policy on science/technology' for the freshmen.