• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.315-323
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• 1998

This study has been conducted to develope the combined heat treating technique of gas carburising - gas nitriding and gas carburising to improve the hot working performance of type H3 hot work tool steel. Case depth and carbrides coarsening were increased with increasing carburising temperature and time, respectively. Surface hardness showed decreasing tendency with increasing 2nd tempering temperature after carburising treatment. After carburising, 2nd treatment at 500 to 600 was chosen according to a hardness demand of final product. High temperature tempering resistance showed more excellent quality during such carburising-nitriding or carburising than complex treatment as after conventional hardening.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.93-97
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• 2017

The sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) is a parasympathetic ganglion, located in the pterygopalatine fossa. The SPG block has been used for a long time for treating headaches of varying etiologies. For anesthesiologists, treating postdural puncture headaches (PDPH) has always been challenging. The epidural block patch (EBP) was the only option until researchers explored the role of the SPG block as a relatively simple and effective way to treat PDPH. Also, since the existing evidence proving the efficacy of the SPG block in PDPH is scarce, the block cannot be offered to all patients. EBP can be still considered if an SPG block is not able to alleviate pain due to PDPH.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.227-233
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• 2001

Wool fabrics were pre-treated with corona prior to treating with enzyme for shrinkage resistance. Commercial protease and cellulase were used for degradation of wool and the treatment conditions such as enzyme amount, treating time, and assistant chemicals. Friction coefficient and zeta-potential were measured to certificate an effect of treatment condition on the handle of wool fabric. Corona pretreatment make the wool fabric soft, which result in the decrease of friction coefficient and zeta-potential. Scale removal of wool surface was observed by scanning electron microscope. Amino acid analysis shows the effectiveness of enzyme, and corona pretreatment does not cause severe internal damage.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2003

Databases are central to business information systems and RDBMS is most widely used for the database system. Normalization was designed to control various anomalies (insert, update, delete anomalies). However, normalized database design does not account for the tradeoffs necessary for performance. In this research, I model a database design method considering denormalization of duplicating attributes in order to reduce frequent join processes. This model considers response time for processing each select, insert, update, delete transaction, and for treating anomalies. A branch and bound method is proposed for this model.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.98-105
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• 1995

In the treatment of wastewater or sewage plant sludge with high solid concentration, high rate digestion process in which heating and mixing occur at a time is mainly used, and in the case of wastewater containing solid matter below 1000mg/ℓ the recently developed AF or UASB is developed Recently and commonly utilized. But these processes have weakpoints such as clogging of packing media and need of long period of trial run after microorganism granulation. In this point of view, there are active researches on the ASBR( anaerobic sequence batch reaction ) that is capable of treating of organic matter with reactor that has no packing materials and controlling the inflow time, reaction time sedimentation time and outflow time by time control without loss of microorganisms. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the efficiency of ASBR process according to the reaction time, change of treated water quality and gas output rate in the treatment of wheat plant wastewater.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.654-661
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• 2013

The current research is designed to analyze sterilization effects on mulberries in terms of storage temperature and storage period after treating with tap water (TW), electrolyzed water (EW) and aqueous chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$). The treated $ClO_2$ concentrations are 10, 50, 100 and 200 ppm. In each concentration, the mulberries are soaked for 30 seconds respectively. The sterilization effects are being compared at room temperature ($25^{\circ}C$) and at $4^{\circ}C$, respectively. And the enzyme activity related to quality is also being investigated and analyzed about for browning inhibition effects. Microbial sterilizing power increases more in treating plots with EW and $ClO_2$ than treating plot with TW. Futhermore sterilizing power of $ClO_2$ increased sharply on high concentration treatment plot as well. Sterilization effects of $ClO_2$ during storage time are better at cold temperature. Pictures taken from scanning electron microscope reveal that there are no microbes in sterilizing solutions treatment plots. From measurement of the enzyme activity, it is concluded that activities decrease more in sterilizing solutions treatment plots as comparing with TW treated plot during the time. The amount of total polyphenolics decrease with the time passing and EW and $ClO_2$ treatment shows less contents than TW treatment. Thus, EW and $ClO_2$ treatment of mulberris are considered as method to improve safety by reducing total plate count and to contribute to quality maintenance and to extend storage time.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.42-50
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• 2009

A new method for simulating voltage and current distributions in transmission lines is described. It gives the time domain solution of the terminal voltage and current as well as their line distributions. This is achieved by treating voltage and current distributions as distributed state variables (DSVs) and turning the transmission line equation into an ordinary differential equation. Thus the transmission line is treated like other lumped dynamic components, such as capacitors. Using backward differentiation formulae for time discretization, the DSV transmission line component is converted to a simple time domain companion model, from which its local truncation error can be derived. As the voltage and current distributions get more complicated with time, a new piecewise exponential with controllable accuracy is invented. A segmentation algorithm is also devised so that the line is dynamically bisected to guarantee that the total piecewise exponential error is a small fraction of the local truncation error. Using this approach, the user can see the line voltage and current at any point and time freely without explicitly segmenting the line before starting the simulation.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.64-80
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• 1997

Background : An important issue in health care today is in trying to center service around the hospitalized patient. There is a "Kindness Movement" developing now, where in the focus of Health Care is being changed from simply treating the basic physical needs of the patient with sophisticated technology, to keeping emotional well being healthy with more humane and attentive treatment. In our attempt to reach the goal of a completely satisfied patient, we undertook a study of the common complaints of patients, and the subsequent nature of the interventions. Method : The study was carried out in two stages, first the patients made known their complaints by filling out questionnaires, then we collected data on the attempts to alleviate the complaints. The questionnaire provided 19 different complaints, which were then analysed for such variables as content, source of complaint, persons treating the complaint, and length of time and method used to solve the complaint. Results : 1. The Chief complaints made by patients(99.1%) were of physical discomfort, such as pain, nausea, vomiting, indigestion, diarrhea and constipation. 2. The complaints were voiced primarily by either of the patient's family, or by the patients themselves(78.4). 3. The complaints were intervened by nurses alone(53.5%), physicians alone(25.5%), or by nurses and physicians together(19.25%). 4, The method by which the complaints were resolved included the utilization of prescriptions(55.7%), further explanation and education(25. 5%) and notification after treatment(13.2%). 5. Most complaints were voiced during the dayshift(42.6%, 7:00-15:00), followed by the evening shift(36.0% 15:00~22:00), and then the nightshift(21.3 %, 22:00-07:00). 6. The time required for successful resolution of the patient's problems varied from 10~88.9min, according to the nature of the complaint. Conclusion : Hopefully by knowing beforehand the nature of both complaint and intervention, we can anticipate problems and shorten reaction time, in order to provide for a more satisfied patient.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.569-573
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• 2008

Purpose: Surgical excision of the subcutaneous tissues, with or without skin excision in the axillary hair-bearing area, has been the treatment of choice in treating osmidrosis for several decades. However, long periods of postoperative immobilization of a shoulder joint, partial necrosis of skin flaps or the possibility of hematoma and scars have occurred frequently. So we used $XPS^{(R)}$ microresector(Shaver) in procedure which requires removal of soft tissue for comparing results between surgical excision and the laters. Methods: From January 2007 to February 2008, a total of 20 patients(8 male and 12 female) underwent $XPS^{(R)}$ microresector(Shaver) assisted aspiration for treating osmidrosis. The mean age of the subjects was 21.9, and we tried to analyze some advantages of $XPS^{(R)}$ microresector(Shaver). Results: The average operation time was 61.6 minutes. This results can show that the patients who received $XPS^{(R)}$ microresector(Shaver) assisted aspiration can accomplish better outcomes than any other procedures in terms of operation time at least. Moreover, no significant postoperative complications occurred in our studies. Subjects have been followed up from 2 months to 1 year and among these patients, no one suffered from critical complications. Conclusion: In brief, $XPS^{(R)}$ microresector(Shaver) is able to shorten the time of operation and simplify the procedures relatively and this device has more superiorities in wound healing by maintaining of vascularized dermal skin flaps. It means that $XPS^{(R)}$ microresector (Shaver) can prevent flap necrosis, axillary hair loss and minimalize scarring and bleeding. Thus, we expect that these advantages can lead to better patient's comfort and self-confidence than several previous procedures.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.731-736
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• 2014

Objective: To observe the short-term efficacy, long-term survival time and adverse responses with nedaplatin (NDP) or cisplatin (DDP) concomitant with other chemotherapy in treating non-small cell lung cancer. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, randomized, control study was conducted, in which 619 NSCLC patients in phases III and IV who were initially treated and re-treated were randomly divided into an NDP group (n=294) and a DDP group (n=325), the latter being regarded as controls. Chemotherapeutic protocols (CP/DP/GP/NP/TP) containing NDP or DDP were given to both groups. Patients in both groups were further divided to evaluate the clinical efficacies according to initial and re-treatment stage, pathological pattern, type of combined chemotherapeutic protocols, tumor stage and surgery. Results: The overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) in the NDP group were 48.6% and 95.2%, significantly higher than in the DDP group at 35.1% and 89.2%, respectively (P<0.01). In NSCLC patients with initial treatment, squamous carcinoma and phase III, there were significant differences in ORR and DCR between the groups (P<0.05), while ORR was significant in patients with adenocarcinoma, GP/TP and in phase IIIa (P<0.05). There was also a significant difference in DCR in patients in phase IIIb (P<0.05). According to the statistical analysis of survival time of all patients and of those in clinical phase III, the NDP group survived significantly longer than the DDP group (P<0.01). The rates of decreased hemoglobin and increased creatinine, nausea and vomiting in the NDP group were evidently lower than in DDP group (P<0.05). Conclusion: NDP concomitant with other chemotherapy is effective for treating NSCLC, with higher clinical efficacy than DDP concomitant with chemotherapy, with advantages in prolonging survival time and reducing toxic and adverse responses.