• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.15-29
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• 2005

Statement of problem. The adjustable dental impression trays were made for being adjusted their width automatically along the width of dental arch. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to investigate the best retentive form of adjustable dental impression tray, and so to make it a more satisfactory product. Material and methods. The eight pairs of adjustable trays were made of ABS(acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) with different distribution of holes and with or without the rim on the border area of them. The experiment was done with the horse-shoe shaped metal plate to pull out the set impression body from the tray, and the tray jig which was made for holding the tray on a lower part of Universal Testing Machine(UTM, Zwick Z020, Zwick Co., Germany). After the impression in the tray was allowed to set four minutes, a tensile force was applied at right angles to the tray which had been previously seated on the jig. The force was applied to measure a maximum retentive force by use of a UTM at a constant strain rate of 100mm per minute. A 2-factor analysis of variance (p<.05) was used to determine whether differences existed among distribution of retentive holes and between rim existing and not. Results. 1 The retentive force of the upper and lower resin tray with 2mm holes on the tray border was highest(25.83/24.98kg). (p<.05) 2. As the tray had more retentive holes, it was less retentive. 3. There was no significant difference in the retentive force of the varied hole intervals in the case of distributing all the area. (p>.05) 4. The rimless trays were more retentive generally, than the rimmed trays except 2 case: upper tray group-all area / 2 mm, intervals and lower tray group-margin only / 2 mm, intervals.(p<.05) 5. Most of the adjustable trays were showed higher retentive force than perforated metal tray except the lower group that perforated on the all area at intervals of 2 mm.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.843-852
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• 2020

Among the many packaging materials used in cushion packaging, there is a lack of optimum design for packaging trays and cushion pads used in pear packaging for export and domestic distribution. It causes over-packaging due to excessive material input, and can be solved by applying various parameters needed to optimize the design of the packaging tray and cushion pad considering the packaging material and the number of pears in the box. In the case of a cushion pad for pears, the economic efficiency of material and thickness should be considered. Therefore, it is possible to design a packaging tray and cushion pad depending on eco-friendly packaging materials (PLA, PET) used by applying appropriate design parameters. The static characteristics of the materials used for the packaging of pears were analyzed using FEA (finite element analysis) simulation technique to derive the optimal design parameters. In this study, we analyzed the contact stress and deformation of PET, PLA tray (0.1, 0.5 1.0, 1.5 and 2 mm) and PET foam (2.0, 3 .0 and 4.0 mm) with pears to derive appropriate cushion packaging design factors. The contact stress between the pear and PET foam pad placed on PLA, PET trays were simulated by FEA considering the bioyield strength (192.54±28 kPa) of the pears and safety factor (5) of packaging design, which is the criterion of damage to the pears. For the combination of PET tray and PET foam buffer pad, the thickness of the PET foam is at least 3 mm, the thickness of the PET foam is at least 1.0 mm, the thickness of the foam is at least 2 mm, and if the thickness of the PET tray is at least 1.5 mm, the thickness of the foam is at least 1 mm, suitable for the packaging design. In addition, for the combination of PLA tray and PET foam pad, the thickness of the PET foam was not less than 2 mm if the thickness of the PLA tray was 0.5 mm, and 1 mm or more if the thickness of the PLA tray was not less than 1.0 mm, the thickness of the PET foam was suitable for the packaging design.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.433-445
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 주모형으로부터 인상체를 제거한 후 인상용 코핑이 인상체 내에 남아있는 개방형 트레이 인상법의 이용 시, 인상용 코핑의 연결고정에 따른 효과와 인상 채득 시 사용될 수 있는 수종의 트레이가 주모형의 정확성에 미치는 영향에 대해 비교 연구해 보고자 하였다. 자가중합형 트레이 레진으로 제작한 개인 트레이, 플라스틱 금속 복합 트레이 그리고 폴리카보네이트 기성 트레이 등의 3종류의 트레이가 사용되었고, 각 트레이 마다 인상용 코핑의 연결고정 여부에 따라 두 개의 군으로 나누었다. 이렇게 나누어진 총 6개의 군에서 각 실험군당 10개의 시편을 제작하였다. 임플랜트 유사체와 지대주 사이에 발생한 수직오차의 측정에는 1-screw test법을 이용하였다. 1시편 당 총 6부위를 측정하였고, 3회씩 측정하여 동일한 수치를 나타낼 경우에 기록하여 통계 처리하였다. 인상용 코핑의 연결고정 여부와 상관없이 개인 트레이군, 플라스틱 금속 복합 트레이군 그리고 폴리카보네이트 기성 트레이군 사이에 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 하지만 개인 트레이, 플라스틱 금속 복합 트레이 그리고 폴리카보네이트 기성 트레이를 이용하여 인상 채득한 경우 패턴 레진으로 연결고정한 군이 비연결고정 군보다 더 정확한 결과를 보여주었다 (p<0.05).

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.567-580
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• 1999

Accurate reproduction of intraoral tissue is essential in the fabrication of fixed prosthesis. This selection of impression material and method is very important. In this study, vinyl polysiloxane type impression material $Panasil^{(R)}$ was used. Three impression methods ; one-step technique, individual tray technique, and individual tooth tray technique using the vinyl polysiloxane type bite registration material $Futar^{(R)}$ Occlusion, were used to take horizontal and vertical impression. Improved stone models were fabricated. The amount of occlusal surface discrepaneies, interabutment distance discrepancies, amount of marginal defect were evaluated with the $X-PLAN360d^{(R)}$ and photoscanning. The results were as follows. 1. There was no significant difference in occlusal surface according to the directions and techniques of impression taking. 2. There was no significant difference in interabutment distance discrepancies according to the directions and techniques of impression taking 3. There was no significant difference in marginal discrepancies according to the direction of impression taking but there was significant difference between one-step technique and individual tray technique, individual tooth tray technique (P<0.05). Taken together, these results suggest that individual tray technique and individual tooth tray technique are more accurate for impression taking than one-step technique.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.202-208
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 저가의 카메라를 활용하여 육안 검사로 해왔던 c-tray와 관련된 불량을 비전 이미지 기술을 활용하여 자동으로 검사하였으며, 4대 검사항목인 트레이내 디바이스 겹침, 트레이 휨, 트레이 적재수량, 트레이내 디바이스 포켓 이탈 등 불량유형을 define 및 검출하는 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 따라서, 개발한 헨들링 시스템으로 인해 c-tray의 스택이나 기타 포장 공정에서의 수량 확인 공정 등에 확대 적용이 가능하였다. 그리고 제어를 활용한 비전 이미지를 처리하고 사용자 gui를 처리하는 제어프로그램과 스캔 속도에 맞춰 최적의 검사 이미지를 확보할 수 있는 기계 작동제어 프로그램을 개발하여 비전 데이터 처리와 이미지 획득이 가능한 기계 시스템을 설계하였다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2022

Silkworms are very sensitive to changes in temperature and humidity, and unless it is a suitable temperature and humidity to grow, the productivity and quality of silkworms are greatly reduced. Therefore, it is very important to manage temperature and humidity for silkworm feeding facilities. In particular, it is essential to install heating facilities in Asian countries with distinct seasonal changes. During the feeding period, many farms manage the temperature and humidity of feeding facilities by installing and using electric heaters inside the facilities. However, it is very difficult to manage the room temperature stably by the heaters. In addition, unlike the temperature inside the facility, silkworms could undergo severe temperature changes as the inside of the rearing tray could not be warm enough. In this study, in order to improve the previous heating method, the new rearing method that directly heats the bottom of the rearing tray was developed. Compared to the previous room-heating system, the novel heater-installed tray (HIT) system significantly reduced the change in temperature during the experimental period. In addition, the number of days of silkworm growth up to harvest was shortened, which was effective in growth performance, and it was also found that silkworms grew more uniformly in HIT system than in previous system. Moreover, as the heater tubes were installed directly under the rearing tray, it quickly dried mulberry leaves and silkworm feces after feeding, and as a result, the environment in the tray was greatly improved with decrease the labor of breeder. In conclusion, these results suggest that the heater-installed rearing tray method greatly improves silkworm quality, increases weight of silkworms, and final profits compared to the previous room heating system with electric heaters.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.945-956
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• 2021

The effective growth of pepper seedlings relies on the growing period and tray used, which both aim to minimize seedling damage during the transplantation process. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of red and green pepper seedling growth in plug and cylindrical paper pot (CPP) trays with different growth periods of the seedlings. Two different seedling growth trays were used for the two varieties of pepper seedlings in the same growing media. The pepper seedling growth rates were investigated at 15, 30, and 45 days for each of variety. Important parameters, e.g., the plant height, fresh weight for the plant and root, number of leaves, leaf length and width, and leaf chlorophyll contents, were measured. During the experiment, the CPP tray maintained uniform seedling growth as compared to the plug tray. CPP trays ensured the height of the seedling, with these results 0.84 to 1.6 times higher than those of the plug tray for all conditions, indicating the good quality of the pepper seedlings. The shoot and root weights were found to be greater with more leaves in the CPP tray seedlings for 45 days compared to the seedlings grown in the plug tray, whereas the green pepper variety showed a greater leaf ratio than the red pepper seedlings. The analysis of pepper seedling growth presented in this study will guide the selection of suitable growth trays and seedling periods for farmers when they undertake automatic pepper transplantation in the field.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.300-304
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• 2010

This study was performed to development a dental three-dimensional laser scanning system and measure the accuracy of new adjustable upper dental impression tray. The metal stock, individual, and new adjustable stock trays were used for 30 stone casts(10 casts each) duplicated a resin master model of maxilla. The dental stone was poured in a vinyl polysiloxane impressions and allowed to set for on hour. The master model and the duplicated casts were digitized using an dental scanning system. The distance between the reference points were measured and analyzed on the graphic image of 3D graphic software of CATIA. The statistical significance of the differences between the groups was determined by a two-way ANOVA. There were no significant differences between the accuracies of the adjustable stock tray and the master model except only anterior arch width on the upper arch. The adjustable upper stock tray showed clinically acceptable accuracies of the study cast produced by them.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.252-255
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• 1988

우리 민족이 예부터 사용해 오던 구절판 모양을 활용한 일회용 도시락 용기를 중밀도 폴리스치렌과 저밀도 폴리스치렌으로 진공 감압 성형시킨 용기의 재질간의 금형특성, 견고성 상품성을 고찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 8절형 용질의 재질간의 부피차는 56.4%였고 5절형 용기의 재질간의 총 부피차는 41.6%였다. 용기의 절(section)수가 많아짐에 따라서 재질간의 부피차는 더 커짐을 알 수 있었다. 용기의 견고성, 금형특성, 상품성 및 종합평가는 중밀도 용기가 저밀도 용기보다 더 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 두 재질간의 가격차가 용기의 선호도에 미치는 영향보다는 금형특성, 재질감 및 상품성이 미치는 인자가 더 컸음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2013

본 연구에서 개발된 멜론용 펄프몰드난좌의 진동전달특성을 구명하고 모의수송시험을 통해 적합성을 분석하였다. 멜론 펄프몰드 난좌의 중량이 증가할수록 압축강도는 상승하였고, 완충성능이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. RMS 평균 가속도의 진동전달률을 살펴보면 펄프몰드 난좌의 중량이 증가할수록 진동전달률이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 골판지 180 g 신문고지 50 g을 배합한 펄프몰드난좌의 경우 가진되는 진동가속도보다 큰 진동가속도가 전달되는 것으로 나타나 멜론의 포장에 적합하지 않은 것으로 나타났고, 골판지 200 g 신문고지 50 g을 배합한 펄프몰드난좌의 진동전달률이 가장 작게 나타나 멜론의 포장에 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 기존 상자포장보다는 펄프몰드난좌 포장 시 진동의 전달이 작은 것을 알 수 있었으며, 펄프몰드 난좌의 중앙에 위치한 멜론과 비교하여 주변에 위치한 멜론에 전달되는 진동가속도가 큰 것을 알 수 있었다. 기존 상자포장과 펄프몰드난좌 포장의 모의 수송시험을 실시하여 경도를 측정한 결과, 무가진 멜론에 비하여 경도저하가 나타났지만, 난좌를 이용하여 포장하였을 때 기존 상자포장에 비하여 멜론의 경도 유지 효과가 우수함을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구결과 펄프몰드 난좌를 이용한 멜론포장은 수송 중 진동에 의한 품질저하 요인을 감소시켜 상품성 유지에 효과적인 방법이라 판단된다.