• 한국작물학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.196-202
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• 2008

무가온 하우스에서 벼 육묘상자($30{\times}60{\times}3\;cm$)를 이용한 고품질 돌나물 생산체계를 확립하기 위하여, 완주 및 금산지역종을 재료로 육모상자당 40, 60, 80개체씩 9월7일에 삽식한 다음, 월동전후 두 지역종간 생육특성과 수량성을 조사하였다. 삽식후 60일째에 초장과 줄기수는 삽식밀도 간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 두 지역종의 잎장과 식물체 당 곁가지 수는 40개체보다 80개체 밀식에서 유의한 감소를 보였다. 월동후 1차 수확시(4월 20일), 금산 지역종의 생육은 삽식밀도간 차이가 없었으나, 완주 지역종의 줄기직경, 줄기당 마디수와 잎수 등은 40개체 삽십보다 80개체 삽식에서 유의한 감소를 보였다. 생체중과 건물중은 두 계통 모두 삽식밀도간 차이가 없었으나, 완주지역종에서 유의한 증가를 보였다. 2차 수확시(6월 5일)의 생육은 두 지역종 모두 총 줄기수에서만 40개체 삽십보다 80개체 삽식에서 유의한 증가를 보였다. 생체중과 건물중은 금산 지역종에서 40개체 삽십보다 60개체 삽식에서 유의하게 증가하였고, 완주 지역종의 건물중이 금산 지역종보다 높았다. 완주 지역종은 줄기가 두껍고 마디가 짧으며, 잎이 크고 웃자라지 않아, 수량성이 금산 지역종보다 높았다. 따라서 무가온 하우스에서 벼 육묘상자를 이용한 돌나물 재배시 완주 지역종이 금산 지역종보다 적합하였으며, 재식밀도는 상자당 40개체가 적당하였다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.287-293
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• 2017

PURPOSE. To compare the dimensional accuracy of three impression techniques- a separating foil impression, a custom tray impression, and a stock tray impression. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A machined mandibular complete-arch metal model with special modifications served as a master cast. Three different impression techniques (n = 6 in each group) were performed with addition-cured silicon materials: i) putty-wash technique with a prefabricated metal tray (MET) using putty and regular body, ii) single-phase impression with custom tray (CUS) using regular body material, and iii) two-stage technique with stock metal tray (SEP) using putty with a separating foil and regular body material. All impressions were poured with epoxy resin. Six different distances (four intra-abutment and two inter-abutment distances) were gauged on the metal master model and on the casts with a microscope in combination with calibrated measuring software. The differences of the evaluated distances between the reference and the three test groups were calculated and expressed as mean (${\pm}SD$). Additionally, the 95% confidence intervals were calculated and significant differences between the experimental groups were assumed when confidence intervals did not overlap. RESULTS. Dimensional changes compared to reference values varied between -74.01 and $32.57{\mu}m$ (MET), -78.86 and 30.84 (CUS), and between -92.20 and 30.98 (SEP). For the intra-abutment distances, no significant differences among the experimental groups were detected. CUS showed a significantly higher dimensional accuracy for the inter-abutment distances with -0.02 and -0.08 percentage deviation compared to MET and SEP. CONCLUSION. The separation foil technique is a simple alternative to the custom tray technique for single tooth restorations, while limitations may exist for extended restorations with multiple abutment teeth.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.484-488
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• 1997

Three-dimensional finite element analyses were used to compare the stress distribution and the stability of the fixation among seven different tibial components and to investigate the effect due to implant materials in total knee arthroplasty. The components included an intact tibia(Type I), Cemented Cobalt-Chromium tibial tray implanted with a PMMA cemented Co-Cr stem(Type II), Cemented Co-Cr tibial tray with a uncemented Co-Cr stem(Type III), Cemented Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) tibial tray with a cemented UHMWPE stem (Type IV), Cemented UHMWPE tray with a uncemented UHMWPE stem(Type V), Cemented Co-Cr tray without a stem(Type VI), and Cemented UHMWPE tray without a stem(Type VII). Uncemented components were assumed to have complete bony in growth and a rigid state of fixation between component and bone. The interface between bone/cement/component of cemented components was also assumed to be fully bonded. Bi-condylar forces were applied. The results indicated that Uncemented stem components provided lower bone stress shielding and stress concentration. The UHMWPE tray and stem component showed better agreement with the intact tibia than the Co-Cr Alloy tray and stem components. If the implant tray can be fixed firmed without a stem, Cemented PE tray without a stem(Type VII) may be recommended to give the best characteristics in the sense of stress distribution and stability.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.553-562
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• 2015

This paper presents a strategy and an algorithm for levitation control of an over-actuated passive maglev tray system. The passive maglev tray system has more actuators than its degrees of freedom. The actuators of the system are switching when the tray travels longitudinally. Furthermore, the levitation forces of the actuators are non-homogeneous because the actuation devices are not in the moving platform. These characteristics make a limit in using conventional control approaches for levitation. For smooth actuator switching, the actuator force generation should be dependent on longitudinal positions of the tray. To enable constant pose tracking, this research introduces a control strategy and a control algorithm based on integral controllers on virtual variables. The states of the tray are estimated using a Kalman filter and fed to the proposed controller. The performances of the proposed control strategy and the algorithm are validated through tests.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2005

The static implicit finite element method is applied effectively to analyze total tray panel stamping processes, which include the forming stage. Complicated and abnormal large size tray panel was analyzed by using commercial program called AutoForm. Analysis results examining possibility and validity of the AutoForm software and the factor study are presented. Further, the simulated results for the total tray panel stamping processes are shown and discussed. Its application is being increased especially in the automotive industrial area for the cost reduction, weight saving, and improvement of strength.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.759-762
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• 2005

A tray inserting machine is developed for automation of inserting plastic mold tray into a cardboard box. Plastic mold tray is used for protecting breakdown of glass bottles. In this paper, two types of processes to divide the plastic mold tray are proposed. As a result, adhesion method by vacuum pad is accepted. And also, static and modal analysis for the machine are carried out to check the machine design using the commercial software, CATIA V5.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.218-224
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• 2003

목 적：조사면 크기 및 차폐선반(tray)의 두께 등의 변화에 따른 차폐선반투과율(tray transmission factor) 변화를 측정함으로써 현재 임상적으로 쓰이고 있는 각 기계의 X-선 에너지마다의 단일한 차폐 선반투과율 값의 타당성에 관해 고찰해 보고자 한다. 또한 임상적으로 쓰이는 조사면 크기들의 분포를 분석하여 흔히 차폐선반투과율 결정시 표준조사면 크기로 사용되는 10${\times}$10 $\textrm{cm}^2$이 타당한지도 살펴보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법：조사면 크기의 변화와 차폐선반두께의 변화에 따른 차폐선반투과율의 변화를 측정해 보기 위해서 각 에너지(6 MV, 10 MV) 별로 0, 6, 8, 10, 12 mm 두께의 아크릴 차폐선반을 사용해서 방사선량을 측정하였는데 각 차폐선반두께 마다 방사선 조사면 크기는 5${\times}$5, 10${\times}$10, 15${\times}$15, 20${\times}$20, 25${\times}$25, 30${\times}$30, 35${\times}$35 $\textrm{cm}^2$ 등 7단계로 변화시키면서 측정해서 각 경우의 차폐선반투과율을 결정하였다. 팬톰 내의 측정깊이는 10 cm로 하였다. 또한 차폐선반투과율의 대표값 측정에 많이 쓰이는 표준조사면 크기 10${\times}$10 $\textrm{cm}^2$이 타당한지 확인해 보기 위해 2002년에 본원에서 치료받은 환자들의 조사면 크기 분포를 분석하였다. 결 과：6 MV에서 기준 조사면 크기인 10${\times}$10 $\textrm{cm}^2$와 최대조사면인 35${\times}$35 $\textrm{cm}^2$ 사이의 차폐선반투과율 증가를 살펴보면 6 mm 두께 차폐선반에서 0.517%, 8 mm 에서 0.836%, 10 mm에서 1.058%, 12 mm에서 1.066%였다. 10 MV에서 조사면 크기 10${\times}$10 $\textrm{cm}^2$와 35${\times}$35 $\textrm{cm}^2$ 사이의 차폐선반투과율 증가를 살펴보면 6 mm에서 0.615%, 8 mm에서 0.724%, 10 mm에서 0.730%, 12 mm에서는 1.158%였다. 각 경우에서 조사면 크기 20${\times}$20 $\textrm{cm}^2$ 이하에서는 차폐선반투과율이 표준 조사면(10${\times}$10 $\textrm{cm}^2$)에서의 값과 큰 차이가 없었으나 20${\times}$20 $\textrm{cm}^2$ 이상에서는 0.5% 이상, 30${\times}$30 $\textrm{cm}^2$ 이상에서는 1.0% 이상의 오차가 날 수 있었다. 한편 임상적으로 쓰이는 유효조사면 크기 중 79.2%가 10${\times}$10 $\textrm{cm}^2$과 20${\times}$20 $\textrm{cm}^2$ 사이에 분포하였다. 결 론：6 MV, 10 MV X선 각각에서 차폐선반투과율은 조사면 크기가 커질수록, 차폐선반두께가 작아질수록 각각 증가하였으며 차폐선반두께가 큰 경우가 작은 경우보다 조사면 크기에 따른 차폐선반투과율의 차이가 더 컸다. 또한, 임상에서 널리 쓰이고 있는 기준 조사면 크기에서의 단일한 차폐선반투과율은 조사면 크기 20${\times}$20 $\textrm{cm}^2$ 이내의 범위에서는 큰 오차가 없지만 30${\times}$30 $\textrm{cm}^2$ 이상 크기의 조사면에서는 1.0% 이상 오차가 날 수 있다. 따라서 각 병원별 큰 조사면에서의 차폐선반투과율의 측정치를 확보해서 필요시에 사용해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2017

Relatively low efficiency in anaerobic digestion process is mainly caused by unproper mixing method. In this study, tray motion type agitator was applied in actual anaerobic digestion tank in order to improve the digestion efficiency, equalize the flow velocity distribution and energy saving. The impeller of tray motion type agitator was reciprocated vertically. Gas lift type agitator and tray motion type agitator appears almost same mixing efficiency include digestion rates. However, tray motion type agitator have shown that lower energy consumption compared to the conventional gas lift type agitator. Implementation of tray motion type agitator in the anaerobic digestion tanks contributed to the stabilization of mixing environment, efficiency and energy efficiency of the tank.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to inquire about the effects of individual tray design and impression method on the border extension and contour of denture. 10 students at the dentistry college who have normal occlusion and symmetric facial form and normal facial muscle activity were selected. The tray was designed three types (large, medium, small tray). After border molding was done by dentist and operator, final impression was taken. The length of impression body and width of border were measured by a vernier caliper on the cast. The obtained results were as follows : 1. As the tray border was shortened, the length of impression body and width of border was short (P<0.01). 2. When the impression was taken with the small tray, the length of impression body was short in passive border molding than active border molding. 3. When the medium tray was used, the width of impression body was short in passive border molding than active border molding.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권7호
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• pp.2396-2406
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• 2021

The Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) Center has been developing a performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) methodology, which is based on explicit determination of performance, e.g., monetary losses, in a probabilistic manner where uncertainties in earthquake ground motion, structural response, damage estimation, and losses are explicitly considered. To carry out the PEER PBEE procedure for a component of the nuclear power plant (NPP) such as the cable tray system, hazard curve and spectra were defined for two hazard levels of the ground motions, namely, operation basis earthquake, and safe shutdown earthquake. Accordingly, two sets of spectral compatible ground motions were selected for dynamic analysis of the cable tray system. In general, the PBEE analysis of the cable tray in NPP was introduced where the resulting floor motions from the time history analysis (THA) of the NPP structure should be used as the input motion to the cable tray. However, for simplicity, a finite element model of the cable tray was developed for THA under the effect of the selected ground motions. Based on the structural analysis results, fragility curves were generated in terms of specific engineering demand parameters. Loss analysis was performed considering monetary losses corresponding to the predefined damage states. Then, overall losses were evaluated for different damage groups using the PEER PBEE methodology.