• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.12-27
• /
• 1986

This study examined user preferences toward transportation modes in Seoul. Two multidimensional scaling models, the ideal point and vector models, were applied to data on mode preferences of 114 adults in the metropolitan area. While both models produced fairly similar results, the vector model performed slightly better than the other in terms of interpretability of the results. The transport attributes elicited are comfort, flexibility, travel cost, travel time, privacy, and safety; among which comfort is salient most. The comfort variable is a multi-faceted attribute in nature. The variations of attribute preferences are most significant between the gender groups as well as worker/nonworker groups. In particular, male workers, female workers and female nonworkers form three distinctive market segments. An unidimensional scaling of the preference data reveals that subway, auto-driver, and subscription bus modes are preferred most, whereas motorcycle and bicycle least. The other modes of express bus, taxt, auto-passenger, bus and walk rank intermediately. An examination of how preference orders vary among modal groups hints that users align their stated attitudes to their choice in order to reduce cognitive dissonance.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.95 no.6
• /
• pp.759-767
• /
• 2006

Firstly, this study aimed to identify differential characteristics of alternative tourists by comparing socioeconomic and travel characteristics, ecotourism cognition level and intention to participate in ecotourism, and eco-friendly travel attitudes between alternative tourists and mass tourists visiting Jeju Island. Secondly, it aimed to evaluate the possibility of the Jeju experimental forests managed by Warm Temperate Forest Center as an alternative tourism destination. The results shown that alternative tourists had more positive travel attitude and higher level of cognition of ecotourism and intention of participate in ecotourism than mass tourist. The cognition level and the intention of visit the experimental forests were also higher in alternative tourists group. In addition, alternative tourists were more active and participatory in nature-oriented activities, and evaluated themselves culture and nature oriented tourists. Thus, it is required to keep monitoring the alternative tourists' distinctive characteristics and to reflect those in developing and managing alternative tourism destinations.

• 한국항공우주법학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.153-161
• /
• 2008

What was once known as common courtesy is rapidly disappearing in the air travel industry, and the violent behavior known as air rage is a constant threat. Once sought after by other industries for advice because of its expertise in customer service, the air travel industry has now slipped to the lowest rungs of companies with unhappy customers. As airlines cut corners in order to avoid bankruptcy, passengers' patience is tested by the stress of flight delays, crowded airports and close packed seating on airplanes. This article examines the situation, strategies used by passengers and ways the airline industry might better inspire courteous behavior in passengers. A cultural expectation of entitlement and competitiveness for limited resources has led to a breakdown in civilized behavior throughout society, both in the United States and internationally. Air travelers faced with rude and intrusive behavior from others on the flight are beginning to find their own ways of coping, such as high quality headphones to block offensive noises, and mechanical devices to keep the seat in front from reclining to the point where it hits their knees. The most potentially effective remedies will come from airlines that enlist cooperation by offering effective passenger education and possibly even incentives. Acceptable airline behaviors need to be plainly defined and stressed for passengers, both before boarding and onboard. In this paper, some methods are suggested to motivate passengers and to inspire courteous behavior.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.345-352
• /
• 2009

The glass ceiling is defined as a barrier so subtle that it is transparent, that it prevents women and minorities from moving up in the management hierarchy. Individuals in the minority may perceive the presence of a glass ceiling within their social context, a barrier put in to place by those in the advantaged majority. This study has testified pragmatically the influence of glass ceiling perceived by the female employees of travel agency on their work attitudes(organizational commitment, turnover intention). Data were collected by 202 full time female employees. The results of analysis is as follows: First, it is revealed that glass ceiling has no influence on turnover intention. Second, this study show that the higher glass ceiling is perceived by the female employees of travel agency, the more they have negative influence on their affective commitment. Contrary to our expectation, however, it is revealed that glass ceiling has no influence on continuance commitment. That is, glass ceiling have significant effects on affective commitment whereas the effects are not significant for continuance commitment. Third, affective commitment have significant effects on turnover intention. However, it is revealed that continuance commitment has no influence on turnover intention.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.509-519
• /
• 2015

This study has suggested the measures to overcome employees' mannerism and to form psychological capital through servant leadership of managers in travel agencies. The results through sample analysis aimed at 163 general employees of travel agencies in Seoul have been drawn as follows. First, in the analysis of relationship between employees' mannerism in travel agencies and psychological capital, only unconscious attitude has proved to have a negative influence on hope and optimism. Second, servant leadership has proved to improve passive attitude of mannerism, which ameliorates self-efficacy, recovery and optimism among psychological capital. Lastly, servant leadership has turned out to produce regulating effect to decrease recovery as for employees in mannerism who have a tendency toward stability orientation. These results originate from the study on the role of servant leadership toward employees' psychological attitudes. A follow-up study should proceed to qualitatively improve a research on employees' mannerism in travel agency and psychological capital.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.506-514
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors influencing usage intentions of Social Network Services (SNS) in MICE (Meeting, Incentive travel, Convention, and Exhibit and Event) and moderating effects of gender. This model tests various theoretical research hypotheses relating to MICE industry, SNS characteristics, and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The target population of this study is SNS users with MICE participation experience. The results of hypothesis testing are as follows. First, information provision, convenience, service quality and SNS usage experience positively influence attitudes toward SNS. Second, attitude positively influences usage intention of SNS. Finally, information provision and service quality to attitudes toward SNS for males are significantly large than those for females. Convenience and SNS usage experience to attitudes toward SNS for females are significantly large than those for males. And attitude to usage intention toward SNS for males are significantly large than those for females. The results of this study will provide various implications to improve usage intentions of SNS in MICE industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.37
• /
• pp.89-102
• /
• 1998

This paper has main purpose of identifying the difference of the characteristicss of male consumers who have different levels of fashion leadership. 538 male consumers living in Seoul area was surveyed using questionnaire. Sam-ples were surveyed using questionnaire. Sam-ples were segmented as 3 groups by fashion leadership and named fashion leader, fashion follower and fashion retards. Various character-isticss in terms of personality, attitudes, life-estyle activities, magazined readership, use of fashion information sources, shopping behavior, risk perception and demographics analysis among 3 segments. 3 groups showed significant differences in many characteristics such as venturesomeness, cosmopoliteness, ex-tensity of travel, art/culture activity for offtime, reading of male-oriented magazines, in-formation search through fashion magazine, fashion knowledged, shopping preferrence, clot-hing expense. Based on major characteristics of each segment, some tips for marketing strategies were suggested.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.89 no.5
• /
• pp.598-608
• /
• 2000

This study examined several characteristics such as the relationships between environmental attitudes and national park visitors' socio-economic characteristics, and between environmental attitudes and their travel motivations. Environmental attitude was measured using the modified New Environmental Paradigm(NEP) scale, where five response options existed(from strongly disagree to strongly agree). Data for this empirical analysis were obtained from 2,647 participants at six national parks-Sulaksan, Kayasan, Naeiangsan, Pookhansan, Taeanhaean, and Hanryohaesang. Results showed that most visitors gave a pro-NEP response ranging from neutral attitude to pro-environmentalism. Environmental attitudes correlated positively with education level, while, negatively with age. Environmental concern, also, generally correlated positively with 'rest' and 'health' motivators, while, negatively with 'socialization' and 'vacation' motivators. The findings of this study suggest that education is the most effective politic measure to lead pro-environmental concern for park visitors. And, given the nature of the relationship between environmental concern and visitors' motivation, park managers should be more careful handling with family and group visitors who have 'vacation' and 'socialization' motivators than 'rest' and 'health' motivators.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.56 no.6
• /
• pp.523-532
• /
• 2023

Objectives: During the second coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) surge, cases increased sharply due to low awareness and compliance with measures to limit disease spread. Health literacy (HL) is an important component of public health initiatives, and schools are potential sources of health education to increase HL via the presentation of COVID-19 educational modules. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved an online questionnaire administered to students from 5 high schools in Surabaya and Sidoarjo, Indonesia, 6-7 weeks after the start of government-issued directives restricting public gatherings. We collected data on each respondent's age, gender, parental education, and socioeconomic variables. HL was determined by the Health Literacy Measure for Adolescents. We additionally measured their attitudes and behaviors related to preventing the spread of COVID-19. The students were asked if they watched the COVID-19 module at school, their feelings about vaccination, and preferred online sources of COVID-19-related information. Results: Most of the 432 respondents had viewed COVID-19 modules at school. Module exposure was associated with significantly higher total and domain-specific HL and more positive attitudes toward government-issued COVID-19 restrictions on travel and public gatherings (p<0.05). However, behaviors to prevent COVID-19 spread and vaccine acceptance were not associated with module exposure. Most students chose social media as their source of COVID-19-related information. Conclusions: Schools can provide information to increase adolescents' HL and the public's support for health initiatives to prevent or limit the spread of COVID-19.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.21-34
• /
• 2018

Purpose - The objective of this research is to a) examine the effects of online reviews, posted on online distribution channels, on the change of consumers' attitudes and booking intention by distinguishing three types of online review valence: positive, negative and neutral review valence, and b) to investigate the combined effect of the inclination of online review and perceived usefulness of reviews on consumers' attitude change. Research design, data, and methodology - An experimental design was used by creating a mimicked hotel company's website and online reviews extracted from several online distribution channels such as online travel agencies (OTAs). A total of 414 respondents were randomly assigned to a type of review valence. Results - The results showed that the valence of positive reviews has a significant effect on the positive change of attitude and booking intention. However, the effect of the valence of negative reviews on the change of booking intention was not statistically significant compared to that of the valence of neutral reviews. Conclusions - The results offer some insights into the effect of online reviews on consumers' decision making processes and have important managerial implications for companies that operate online distribution channels in terms of their online marketing and the distribution of service products.