• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.411-430
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• 2016

본 연구는 재난 뉴스를 통한 간접 외상 노출의 심리적 영향을 살펴보기 위해 수행되었다. 참가자들(N=439)은 세월호 사건이 발생한 지 평균 68.11(±18.47)일이 경과한 후 일련의 자기 보고식 질문지를 작성하였으며, 여기에는 외상후 위기 체크리스트(Posttraumatic Risk Checklist: PRC), 사건 충격 척도(Impact of Event Scale-Revised: IES-R) 및 다차원적 죽음불안 척도(Multidimensional Fear of Death Scale: MFODS)가 포함되었다. 재난 뉴스노출과 외상후 스트레스 증상의 관계에서 죽음불안, 외상당시 및 외상후 위기의 매개효과를 살펴보기 위해 구조방정식을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 죽음불안, 외상 당시 및 외상 후 위기는 초기 뉴스노출과 외상후 스트레스 증상 간의 관계를 유의하게 매개하였다. 이러한 결과는 재난 직후의 뉴스노출이 죽음불안에 영향을 주고, 이것이 외상당시 및 외상후 위기를 유발하며, 이러한 위기 요인들이 외상후 스트레스 증상을 증가시킬 수 있음을 의미한다. 마지막으로, 본 연구의 제한점과 미래 연구를 위한 제안이 논의되었다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.129-140
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• 2024

연구배경: 트라우마가 초래한 정신건강 문제는 사건의 특성에 따라 다르게 나타날 수 있다. 특히 성적 외상사건 경험자는 다른 유형의 외상사건을 경험한 사람들보다 정신건강 결과가 부정적이라고 알려져 있을 뿐만 아니라, 디지털 성범죄 등 성적 사건에 노출될 수 있는 새로운 형태의 위협이 커지고 있다. 이 연구는 성적 트라우마 사건을 중심으로 트라우마 사건의 유형이 정신건강의 차이를 유발하는지 확인하고, 자살생각과 잠재적 post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 위험수준에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하고자 하였다. 방법: 전국 20대부터 50대까지 성인을 대상으로 실시한 온라인 설문조사를 토대로, 경험한 트라우마 사건의 유형에 따라 분석대상자를 구분하였다(성적 트라우마 경험자, 비성적 트라우마 경험자). 성적 트라우마 사건 경험 여부를 제외하고 정신건강(자살생각, 잠재적 PTSD 위험수준)에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 인구사회학적 요인(성, 연령, 주관적 경제수준, 결혼상태)과 회복 보호요인(사회적 지지, 회복 가능성 인지, 아동기 보호경험)을 공변량으로 propensity score matching (PSM)을 실시하였다. 이후 정신건강에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하기 위해 이분형 로지스틱 회귀분석을 하였다. 결과: PSM 후에도 성적 트라우마 경험자는 비성적 트라우마 경험자보다 자살생각과 잠재적 PTSD 위험수준이 부정적이었다. 이분형 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과, 성적 트라우마 경험자는 비성적 트라우마 경험자보다 자살생각이 1.9배(odds ratio [OR], 1.911), 잠재적 PTSD 위험수준은 2.5배(OR, 2.472) 높았다. 또한 트라우마 회복 인식, 사회적 지지, 아동기 보호 경험과 같은 회복 보호요인이 부정적일수록 자살생각과 잠재적 PTSD 위험수준의 가능성이 높아졌다. 결론: 이 연구는 성적 트라우마 경험에 대한 이해와 지원의 중요성을 강조하고, 성적 트라우마 경험자의 자살생각과 잠재적 PTSD 위험을 완화하고 회복을 돕기 위해 회복 보호요인을 촉진하는 전략의 필요성을 시사한다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.30-37
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• 2002

소아와 청소년의 외상적 경험은 영화에 빈번히 다루어지는 소재 가운데 하나이다. 저자들은 소아, 청소년이 영화에 표현된 양상들을 살펴 보았다. 이들 영화는 외상적 경험이 성장영화의 중요한 모티브로 쓰인 경우, 정치사회적 이슈의 은유로 쓰인 경우, 그리고 드라마의 복선이나 소재로 쓰인 경우 등 크게 세 가지의 범주로 구분이 가능하였다. 영화는 만드는 이 혹은 그것을 보는 이들의 경험과 갈등과 무의식적 욕구가 반복되어 표현되는 장이면서, 어린 아이의 상징적인 놀이와도 같은 기능을 한다고 생각되는데, 이는 외상적 경험이라는 소재가 영화 속에 빈번히 다루어지는 원인의 일부를 설명할 수 있을 것이라 생각된다. 영화에 나타난 외상의 치유 양상도 다양하게 드러나며, 영화 자체가 교정적 감정경험을 가능케 하는 매체로 작용하여 내적 발달을 돕는 기능을 할 수 있다. 영화에 나타난 정신과적 문제들은 영화 대중의 무의식 속에 그와 관련된 전형적 이미지를 각인시킬 수 있으므로, 앞으로 영화에 드러나는 소아, 청소년의 외상적 경험이 보다 더 진실되게 그려지고 풍부한 의미를 생산해낼 수 있도록 영화를 만드는 주체와 정신과 의사간의 의사소통이 필요하다고 생각된다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2020

In this study, we suggested indirect evidence of whether Sasang constitution(SC) could be a risk factor for Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) among soldiers who participated in Vietnam war. The number of 199 subjects joined this study. We surveyed SC with KS-15 and PTSD with Korean Version of Impact of Event Scale-Revised questionnaires. A Chi-square test and a one-way ANOVA were performed according to SC type, and multiple logistic regression was used to produce odds ratios(ORs). Significant p was .05. The number(rate) of Taeeumin(TE), Soeumin(SE), and Soyangin(SY) types were 131(65.8%), 33(16.6%), and 35(17.6%) respectively. The score of PTSD in SE type(8.78±8.61) was significantly higher than those of SY(4.00±6.5) and TE types(3.65±6.78)(p=.001, SE>TE, SY, Scheffe). SE type was associated with increased PTSD prevalence compared with TE [OR 4.338; 95% CI 1.525-12.335, p<.01], and it was still associated with increased PTSD prevalence [OR 10.658; 95% CI 1.296-87.661, p<.05] after adjusting for age and weight. This study suggests that SC, particularly the SE type, might be significantly associated with PTSD and could be considered as a risk factor for PTSD.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.154-159
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• 1998

Medial dislocation of the long head of the biceps brachii is a rare condition that usually occurs in association with tears of the subscapularis, chronic impingement, capsular defects or a fracture of the lesser tuberosity. Less commonly, a biceps tendon dislocation may occur after an acute traumatic event. Following a dislocation, the biceps tendon will assume either an intra- or extra-articular position depending on whether or not the subscapularis tendon detaches from its humeral insertion. Magnetic resonance imaging has been found to provide valuable information concerning the location of the biceps tendon and the integrity of the subscapularis tendon. We present a patient with a traumatic dislocation of the biceps brachii tendon in which the diagnosis remained elusive for an extended period of time. In this case, he was evaluated using MRI and reconstruction was performed by restoring the tendon to its anatomical position.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.233-237
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• 2013

Delayed traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (DT-ICH) is a rare event in head trauma patients. However, it develops unexpectedly and results in very severe brain damage. Thus, close monitoring of the neurologic status is needed for every trauma patient. Sometimes, however, neurologic monitoring cannot be done because of sedation, especially in cases of abdominal surgery. In this case report, we describe the case of a 37-yr-old, male patients who had hemoperitoneum because of spleen and renal injury. At the initial operation, massive bleeding was found, so gauze-packing surgery was done first. After the first operation, we sedated the patient for about two days, after which the packed gauze was removed, and the abdominal wound was closed. Immediately after the second operation, we found pupil dilation. Emergent CT was performed. The CT revealed DT-ICH with severe brain edema and midline shifting. However, the patient condition deteriorated progressively despite emergency operation, he expired 2 days after hematoma evacuation.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.277-289
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• 2018

Background: Lancashire Fire and Rescue Service (LFRS), the subject of this evaluative research document employs 1400 people. 80% of employees are operational firefighters and officers whom operate across a range of duty systems and support functions, providing prevention, protection and emergency response to the communities of Lancashire. Methods: The overarching purpose of this epidemiological study is to assess the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) amongst operational LFRS personnel and to analyse the effects upon those who may be suffering from it, whether brought about by a single traumatic event or by repeated exposure to traumatic occurrences over a period of time. A combination of primary and secondary research was carried out. Primary data was collated using two recognised clinical questionnaires and statistical analysis was conducted with the aid of the software package SPSS. Results: The findings and statistical analysis showed that out of the 100 people surveyed, 30% of respondents had signs of probable distress. Of this quota, 4% showed symptoms of PTSD. The study considers how an organisation can recognise and manage PTSD and provides recommendations to assist in better recognising and managing the associated risks. Conclusion: Based upon the findings, the authors conclude that the level of PTSD within LFRS is slightly lower than those found in other studies undertaken within the Fire and Rescue Service sector. The paper provides recommendations for future studies and a series of actions for consideration by LFRS senior management to improve PTSD support services for employees.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2010

Objectives : Indirect contact with trauma may occur when a person empathically listens to detailed descriptions, exposing the person to intense emotional pain from trauma victims. Although less severe than direct trauma, indirectly traumatized persons may experience the same fear, rage, and despair as direct trauma victims. This phenomenon has been variously termed vicarious trauma, traumatic countertransference, burnout, compassion fatigue, and secondary traumatic stress. Using a psychiatric symptoms questionnaires, this study investigated the effects of indirect exposure to co-worker's trauma on the mental health of firefighters who had not directly experienced traumatic events in the previous year. Methods : We administered self-report questionnaires, such as the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IESR) and Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), to firefighters working at two fire stations in a metropolitan city. We analyzed 188 of 232 collected surveys, after excluding falsely entered data (28 cases) and questionnaires by directly-traumatized victims (16 cases). Results : Alcohol consumption and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, as determined by the AUDIT and IES-R, were significantly higher in the indirectly-traumatized group. The ratio of high-risk members scoring higher than 23 in IES-R was larger in the indirectly traumatized group, although this was not statistically significant. Conclusion : Alcohol consumption was significantly higher in the indirectly traumatized group. This group also included more members at high risk for PTSD. Further research, with a larger group of indirectly traumatized firefighters and ongoing investigation of PTSD development and other psychiatric symptoms, is needed.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2022

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of physical therapy intervention with local vibration on the physical function of patients with traumatic patella fractures. Methods: This study recruited 6 subjects who had suffered traumatic patella fractures. The study was conducted for an average of 12.8 weeks. Before the treatment (2 weeks post-surgery), they were evaluated using the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), the Korean-version of the impact of event scale-revised (IES-R-K), pressure pain threshold (PPT), range of motion (ROM) of the knee joint, and the Korean knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (K-KOOS) and were reevaluated after 7 and 12 weeks, post-surgery. This study was conducted according to ORIF Patella Fracture Post-Operative Rehabilitation Protocol after applying local vibration. The protocol consists of Phases 1~5 and this study has been applied from phase 2. Results: A comparison of the performance of the participants before and after the intervention showed a decrease in NPRS (9.83±.41→4.83±.98), IES-R-K (68.67±2.73→23.83±2.40), and K-KOOS (Function, Daily living: 70.5±5.96→34.0±3.35, Function, Sports and Recreational activities: 22.83±2.32→10.77±1.37, Quality of Life: 19.33±7.33→7.33±.52) scores. And the ROM (Knee flexion: 30.0±4.47°→128.73±3.6°, Knee extension: -6.83±2.48°→-1.33±1.03°) and PPT (9.67±.52kg/cm²→22.44±2.33kg/cm²) scores increased. Conclusion: These results show that physical intervention with local vibration using a Blackroll® booster and head can help to improve pain, physical function, and psychological status. Also, it was possible to select interventions depending on the patient's condition and the desired goal, using physical intervention with the Blackroll® booster technique.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.435-443
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• 2022

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disease that develops following exposure to a traumatic event and is a stress-associated mental disorder characterized by an imbalance of neuroinflammation. Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is the herbal supplement that is known to be involved in a variety of pharmacological activities. We aimed to investigate the effects of KRG on neuroinflammation as a potential mechanism involved in single prolonged stress (SPS) that negatively influences memory formation and consolidation and leads to cognitive and spatial impairment by regulating BDNF signaling, synaptic proteins, and the activation of NF-κB. Methods: We analyzed the cognitive and spatial memory, and inflammatory cytokine levels during the SPS procedure. SPS model rats were injected intraperitoneally with 20, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day KRG for 14 days. Results: KRG administration significantly attenuated the cognitive and spatial memory deficits, as well as the inflammatory reaction in the hippocampus associated with activation of NF-κB in the hippocampus induced by SPS. Moreover, the effects of KRG were equivalent to those exerted by paroxetine. In addition, KRG improved the expression of BDNF mRNA and the synaptic protein PSD-95 in the hippocampus. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that KRG exerts memory-improving actions by regulating anti-inflammatory activities and the NF-κB and neurotrophic pathway. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that KRG is a potential functional ingredient for protecting against memory deficits in mental diseases, such as PTSD.