• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to assess the antioxidant activity of vegetable extracts (pumpkin, aloe, and artichoke) containing Protaetia brevitarsis (PB) and the clinical and pathological changes in ICR mice after a single oral administration. The total polyphenol (TP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability, total radical trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), oxygen radical absorbance activity (ORAC), and single cell gel electrophoresis assay were done to measure their antioxidant activities. The effect of vegetable extracts containing PB in TP and the ORAC value was significantly higher than those without PB. In addition, all extracts had effective $DPPH{\cdot}$ scavenging and $ABTS{\cdot}+$ scavenging activities. The protective effect of vegetable extracts with/without PB on $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage was found. In a single-dose toxicity study, mortality, body weight, physiological signs, and biochemical analysis were analyzed. Seventy mice were randomly assigned to 7 experimental groups and were administered three vegetable extracts with and without PB (2 g/kg). A full 14 days after administration, no mice mortality was observed in any group. Body weight, physiological signs, and biochemical analysis were never significantly different from those of the control group. Taken together, these findings indicate that vegetable extracts containing PB with antioxidant activities and safety could be applied as medicinal and edible resources in an industrial area.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 2014

Little is known about foraging and roosting habitat of tree-roosting bats in Korea. In the present study, we studied on characteristics of foraging and roosting habitats by Ikonnikov's whiskered bats (Myotis ikonnikovi) in the South Korea, using trapping and radiotelemetry. We captured the bats at 15 sites during nights (foraging times) using mist-nets. Based on characteristic analyses of forests within a radius 500 m from each capture site, forests of M. ikonnikovi habitat are similar characteristics to the old-growth forests. They foraged at forests dominated by boradleaf stands which are older than than 30-year-old and thicker than 20 cm in diameter at breast height (DBH). We used radio-transmitters to locate and characterize day-roosts of Myotis ikonnikovi, and totally the roost use patterns of three bats were surveyed. They roosted in trees (both live and dead) with exfoliating bark, extensive vertical cracks, or cavities, and thier roosting sites were located about 500 m from the initial capture location. The bats had a number of roost in a short-distance, some used new roost every day and the same roost sometimes were used repeatedly. To increase the diversity of the tree-dwelling bats including Myotis ikonnikovi, management practices that the higher food and roost availablility can be sustained in forests are needed.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.115-119
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• 2012

Purpose : The initial Breast-Specific Gamma Imaging (BSGI) protocol included bilateral breast imaging with 2 views of each breast-craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO). Furthermore, Axillary lymph nodes view can be acquired easily. The most meaningful prognosis factor for prediction of breast cancer is whether or not the breast cancer has metastasized to the lymph nodes. However, axillary view doesn't conduct in clinical. This article collates a diverse data of BSGI and describes technical details to acquire optimal imaging. Materials and Methods : A retrospective review was performed on 343 patients who had undergone BSGI between May 2011 and March 2012. Patients who had undergone BSGI received intravenous injection of 740 MBq (20 mCi) $^{99m}Tc$-sestamibi. Results : The following contents are the technical details for optimal axillary imaging. $^{99m}Tc$-sestamibi should be administered using an indwelling venous catheter or scalp needle followed by 10 cc of saline to flush to reduce extravasation and vascular trapping. After administration, patients raise their arm over their head and exercise with stress ball for 1 full minute. A lead shield attached to the gamma camera is removed and patients axilla is placed as close as possible to the camera at a $90^{\circ}$ angle. A lead apron is placed across the shoulder to reduce background from other organs. Acquisition time is enough for 120 sec~180 sec. Conclusion : If patients undergo bilateral axillary imaging as a standard with CC, MLO views, it could improve cancer treatment. Result of this study could maximize efficiency axillary imaging of breast cancer patients.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.95-110
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• 1992

Much progress has been made in understanding the subcellular events of the human lung injuries after acute exposure to environmental air pollutants. Host of those events represent oxidative damages mediated by reactive oxygen species such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and the hydroxy, free radical. Recently, nitric oxide (NO) was found to be endogenously produced by endothelial cells and cells of the reticulo-endothelial system as endothelialderived relaxation factor (EDRF) which is a vasoactive and neurotransmitter substance. Together with superoxide, NO can form another strong oxidant, peroxonitrite. The relative importance of exogenous sources of $N0/N0_2$ and endogenous production of NO by the EDRF producing enzymes in the oxidative stresses to the heman lung has to be elucidated. The exact events leading to chronic irreversible damage are still yet to be known. From chronic exposure to oxidant gases, progressive epithelial and interstitial damages develop. Type I epithelial cells become thicker and cover a smaller average alveolar surface area while thee II cells proliferate instead. Under acute damages, the extent of loss of the alveolar epithelial cell lining, especially type II cells appears to be a good predictor of the ensuing irreversible damage to alveolar compartment. Interstitial matrix undergo remodeling during chronic exposure with increased collagen fibers and interstitial fibroblasts. However, Inany of these changes can be reversed after cessation of exposure. Among chronic lung injuries, genetic damages and repair responses received particular attention in view of the known increased lung cancer risks from exposure to several air pollutants. Heavy metals from foundry emission, automobile traffics, and total suspended particulate, especially polycystic aromatic hydrocarbons have been positively linked with the development of lung cancer. Asbestos in another air pollutant with known risk of lung cancer and mesothelioma, but asbestos fibers are nonauthentic in most bioassays. Studies using the electron spin resonance spin trapping method show that the presence of iron in asbestos accelerates the production of the hydroxy, radical in vitro. Interactions of these reactive oxygen species with particular cellular components and disruption of cell defense mechanisms still await further studies to elucidate the carcinogenic potential of asbestos fibers of different size and chemical composition. The distribution of inhaled pollutants and the magnitude of their eventual effects on the respiratory tract are determined by pollutant-independent physical factors such as anatomy of the respiratory tract and level and pattern of breathing, as well as by pollutant-specific phyco-chemical factors such as the reactivity, solubility, and diffusivity of the foreign gas in mucus, blood and tissue. Many of these individual factors determining dose can be quantified in vitro. However, mathematical models based on these factors should be validated for its integrity by using data from intact human lungs.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2000

Field collections were made from six gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) Populations in Kyonggy and Cheju areas during the period 1987∼1997. Characteristics of gypsy moth populations at different phases were examined in terms of egg mass density, relative larval density, plant damage, and fecundity. Males captured in pheromone trap were recorded, and we examined if there was a relationship between numbers captured and the population density during the following generation. Egg mass density was closely related with larval density, and furthermore these densities were correlated with the level of plant damage, indicating that larval dispersion was limited in oviposition areas. The gypsy moth population cycle was short in Korea with the period from population development to innocuous level usually lasting 2∼3 years. Male caught by pheromone trap (mean number of males caught per trap per day in peak emergence period) was positively correlated with egg mass densities in the following season (r²=0.93). A low fecundity was detected from outbreak populations which accompanied defoliation. Fecundity of gypsy moth ranged from 538 to 601 at other phases.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.57-60
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• 2018

Agricultural sticky traps are used for forecasting flying insects, including fungus gnat adults. Forecasting using sticky trap is an important measure to determine pesticides or environmentally friendly control means. Sticky traps of various colors can be installed easily and quickly. The yellow sticky trap is most effective for forecasting fungus gnat adults. In addition, they are used for control purposes by mass trapping. We tested the optimum installation height of yellow sticky traps to forecast and control the fungus gnat adults effectively in the cultivation of mushroom and horticultural plants. The number of captured fungus gnat adults was highest on the second floor for button mushroom and oyster mushroom, 100 cm above the floor for sawdust shiitake mushroom, 20 cm under the floor for hydroponic strawberry, and 20 cm above the floor for hydroponic tomato. This suggests that sticky trap height should be installed differently depending on the cultivation type or environment for effective forecasting and control of fungus gnat adults.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.366-377
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• 2011

Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a multigene family of phase II detoxifying enzymes that metabolize a wide range of exogenous and endogenous electrophilic compounds. GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms may account for inter-individual variability in coping with oxidative stress. We investigated the relationships between the level of lymphocyte DNA and antioxidative parameters and the effect on GST genotypes. GSTM1 and GSTT1 were characterized in 301 young healthy Korean adults and compared with oxidative stress parameters such as the level of lymphocyte DNA, plasma antioxidant vitamins, and erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes in smokers and non smokers. GST genotype, degree of DNA damage in lymphocytes, erythrocyte activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and plasma concentrations of total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), vitamin C, ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol, ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-carotene, and cryptoxanthin were analyzed. Lymphocyte DNA damage assessed by the comet assay was higher in smokers than that in non-smokers, but the levels of plasma vitamin C, ${\beta}$-carotene, TRAP, erythrocyte catalase, and GSH-Px were lower than those of non-smokers (p < 0.05). Lymphocyte DNA damage was higher in subjects with the GSTM1- or GSTT1-present genotype than those with the GSTM1-present or GSTT1- genotype. No difference in erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities, plasma TRAP, or vitamin levels was observed in subjects with the GSTM1 or GSTT1 genotypes, except ${\beta}$-carotene. Significant negative correlations were observed between lymphocyte DNA damage and plasma levels of TRAP and erythrocyte activities of catalase and GSH-Px after adjusting for smoking pack-years. Negative correlations were observed between plasma vitamin C and lymphocyte DNA damage only in individuals with the GSTM1-present or GSTT1- genotype. The interesting finding was the significant positive correlations between lymphocyte DNA damage and plasma levels of ${\alpha}$-carotene, ${\beta}$-carotene, and cryptoxanthin. In conclusion, the GSTM1- and GSTT1-present genotypes as well as smoking aggravated antioxidant status through lymphocyte DNA damage. This finding confirms that GST polymorphisms could be important determinants of antioxidant status in young smoking and non-smoking adults. Consequently, the protective effect of supplemental antioxidants on DNA damage in individuals carrying the GSTM1- or GSTT1-present genotypes might show significantly higher values than expected.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.2
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• pp.179-184
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• 1999

This study was conducted to clarify the differences in small mammal populations due to habitat structure caused by different forest practices within natural deciduous forests at National Forest, Pyoungchang, Kangwon Province, Korea from May to November, 1996. Three sites, 1ha each, were selected as cutting, thinning, and control for live trapping of small mammals. Total captures of small mammals in all sites were combined Apodemus peninsulae(45.1%, n=64) and Eothenomys regulus(54.9%, n=78). A. peninsulae was captured in the cutting and the control site. And E. regulus was captured in the thinning and the control site. The number of captured small mammals in a month were the highest in the control site and the lowest in the cutting site. A. peninsulae's mean body weight of adult individuals was more higher in the control site than in the cutting site. And E. regulus's mean body weight of adult individuals was more higher in the control site than in the thinning site. Habitat structure seems to be an important factor in abundance and species composition of small mammals.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.149-153
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• 2001

Three-dimensional thermoluminescence(TL) spectra of LiF: Mg, Cu, Na, Si TL material based on temperature, wavelength and intensity were measured and analyzed. The glow curves were obtained by integration of luminescence intensity for wavelength at each temperature, and various trapping parameters related to the trap formation were determined by analyzing these curves. Computerized glow curve deconvolution(CGCD) method which based on general order kinetics(GOK) model were used for the glow curve analysis. The glow curves of LiF:Mg, Cu, Na, Si TL material were deconvoluted to six isolated glow curves which have peak temperature at 333 K, 374 K, 426 K, 466 K, 483 K and 516 K, respectively. The 466 K main glow peak had an activation energy of 2.06 eV and a kinetic order of 1.05. This TL material was also found to have three recombination centers, 1.80 eV, 2.88 eV and 3.27 eV by TL spectra analysis based on Franck-Condon model. It showed that 2.88 eV is the dominant center, followed by 3.27 eV level, and 1.80 eV center is ascertained as emission center of this material even though its very weak emission intensity.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.466-471
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• 2007

The purpose of study is to obtain basic but important information for the operation of the greenhouse facility located in the suburb of town. Special emphasis is given on the aspect of energy saving method, which can be easilyapplicable in a practical sense. For this end numerical calculation has been made systematically in order to increase the energy efficiency by the evaluation of the temperature distribution in greenhouse. Major parameters considered are primarily the overall shape of greenhouse together with the various conditions of baffle installion inside greenhouse. Further, the performance of heating system is also carefully compared each other for a number of typical arrangements of heating duct. The performance of the computer program developed in this study is evaluated by the observation of the famous fluid trapping phenomenon occurred in staggered baffle condition in the enclosure of greenhouse. Based on the this study, a number of useful conclusions can be drawn, that is, the installation of baffles are quite effective in energy saving method with a minor modification of facility. Also, it is found that the change of the heating duct system can contribute significantly to the uniform temperature distribution in greenhouse. Further other findings obtained by numerical calculation were not only physically consistent and meaningful but also useful for the determination of optimum condition of practical operation of greenhouse.