• BMB Reports
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.280-285
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• 2014

Cancer cells undergo uncontrolled proliferation, and aberrant mitochondrial alterations. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1) is a mitochondrial heat shock protein. TRAP1 mRNA is highly expressed in some cancer cell lines and tumor tissues. However, the effects of its overexpression on mitochondria are unclear. In this study, we assessed mitochondrial changes accompanying TRAP1 overexpression, in a mouse cell line, NIH/3T3. We found that overexpression of TRAP1 leads to a series of mitochondrial aberrations, including increase in basal ROS levels, and decrease in mitochondrial biogenesis, together with a decrease in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-$1{\alpha}$ (PGC-$1{\alpha}$) mRNA levels. We also observed increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, and enhanced proliferation of TRAP1 overexpressing cells. This study suggests that overexpression of TRAP1 might be a critical link between mitochondrial disturbances and carcinogenesis.

• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.9.1-9.7
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• 2013

Introduction: Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1) is a mitochondrial heat shock protein (HSP), which belongs to HSP90 family. It plays important roles in regulating mitochondrial integrity, protecting against oxidative stress, and inhibiting cell death. Recent studies suggest that TRAP1 is linked to mitochondria and its metabolism. In this study, we established TRAP1 transgenic mice and performed partial hepatectomy (PH) on wild-type (WT) and TRAP1 transgenic mice to investigate the function of TRAP1 during liver regeneration. Results and Discussion: We found that TRAP1 was highly expressed in liver as well as kidney. In addition, liver regeneration slightly decreased together with increased fatty liver and inflammation at 72 hr after PH in TRAP1 transgenic mice compared with WT control group mice. Concomitantly, we observed decreased levels of p38 protein in TRAP1 transgenic mice compared with WT control group mice. These results suggest that TRAP1 plays a critical role in liver energy balance by regulating lipid accumulation during liver regeneration. Conclusions and Prospects: To our knowledge, we reported, for the first time, that liver regeneration slightly reduced together with increased fat accumulations after PH in TRAP1 transgenic mice compared with WT control group mice. Concomitantly, we observed decreased levels of p38 protein in TRAP1 transgenic mice compared with WT control group mice. Overexpression of TRAP1 might affect liver regeneration via disturbing mitochondrial function leading to fatty liver in vivo.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.151-160
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• 2016

염증성 사이토카인은 파골세포형성과정에서 중요한 요인이며, 뼈의 흡수는 자주 골다공증과 연결된다. 설포라판은 보로콜리의 화뢰로 부터 분리된 물질로 염증성 사이토카인을 억제한다고 알려져 있다. 본 실험에서는 Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand(RANKL)로 자극된 세포에서 설포라판이 파골세포 형성 억제에 대한 효과를 측정하였다. 설포라판은 대식세포인 RAW 264.7 세포에서 파골세포 특이 마커 유전자인 tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP), Cathepsin K, matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP-9), calcitonin receptor을 저해하였으며, TRAP, MMP-9, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6(TRAF6)와 전사인자인 nuclease factor of activated T cells(NFATc1)의 단백질 발현과 RANKL로 자극하였을 때 전자인사인 nuclear factor kappaB(NF-kappaB)의 전사활성도 억제 하였다. 이와 같은 결과로 설포라판이 NF-kappaB의 전사활성 억제뿐만 아니라, 파골세포형성인자(TRAP, cathepsin K, MMP-9, calcitonin, NFATc1)와 NFATc1의 발현을 억제시키는 효과가 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.135-147
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• 2019

Objectives This study was performed to evaluate the effect of Pyrola japonica extract (NJ) and its principal constituent, homoarbutin (HA) on osteoclast differentiation and gene expression and bone resorption. The osteoclastogenesis and gene expression were determined in receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)-stimulated RAW264.7 cell. Methods In order to evaluate the effect of HA extracted from NJ on bone resorption, osteoclasts were used to be differentiated and formed by stimulating RAW264.7 cells with RANKL. Tartarate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) (+) polynuclear osteoclast formation ability was evaluated, and differentiation control genes including cathepsin K, matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9), and TRAP in osteoclast differentiation were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Immunoblotting was performed to measure the effect of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) factors on bone resorption, and the effect of osteoclasts on osteoclast differentiation was measured. Results Both NJ and high concentration of HA blocked RANKL-stimulated differentiation from RAW264.7 cell to TRAP-positive multinucleated cells. NJ reduced RANKL-induced expression of TRAP, cathepsin K. Both NJ and high concentration of HA inhibited RANKL-mediated expression of MMP-9, nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1, and cellular Jun-fos. NJ suppressed RANKL-stimulated expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and levels of interleukins. Both NJ and HA decreased bone resorption in osteoclast-induced bone pit formation model. Conclusions These results suggest that NJ and HA blocked bone resorption by decreasing RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis through down-regulation of genes for osteoclast differentiation.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.375-383
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• 2007

곤충의 채집방법, 횟수 및 시기와 채집된 곤충의 종류 및 개체수에 대한 상관관계를 조사하기 위하여 충북대학교 내 4곳을 선정, 일 년간 봄부터 가을까지 매 2주마다 채집을 실시, 총 16회 조사를 하였다. 각 장소마다 light trap, net sweeping, pitfall trap, window trap의 4가지 채집방법을 병행 실시하여 결과를 비교분석하였다. 모두 14목 672종이 조사되었으며, 전체 종수의 75%인 501종이 채집된 유아등 채집(light trap)방법이 18% 또는 그 이하의 종수를 기록한 타 채집방법들에 비해 보다 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 각 채집시기에서 채집된 종이 2주 후의 채집에서 다시 채집되는 비율이 평균 30% 정도 밖에 되지 않았다. 결과적으로 곤충다양성 조사에 있어서 보다 의미 있는 결과를 확보하기 위해서는 다양한 채집방법과 함께 채집의 빈도(sampling window)를 높이는 것이 특히 중요한 것으로 나타났다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.319-325
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• 2005

In this paper the effect of temperature on the electrical properties of organic semiconductor disperse orange dye 25 (OD) have been examined. Thin films of OD have been deposited on $In_{2}O_{3}$ substrates using a centrifugal machine. DC current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the fabricated devices $(Al/OD/In_{2}O_{3)$ have been evaluated at varying temperatures ranging from 40 to $60^{\circ}C$. A rectification behavior in these devices has been observed such that the rectifying ratio increases as a function of temperature. I-V characteristics observed in $Al/OD/In_{2}O_{3)$ devices have been classified as low temperature $({\leq} 50^{\circ}C)$ and high temperature characteristics (approximately $60^{\circ}C$). Low temperature characteristics have been explained on the basis of the charge transport mechanism associated with free carriers available in OD, whereas high temperature characteristics have been explained on the basis of the trapped space-charge-limited current. Different electrical parameters such as traps factor, free carrier density, trapped carrier density, trap density of states, and effective mobility have been determined from the observed temperature dependent I-V characteristics. It has been shown that the traps factor, effective mobility, and free carrier density increase with increasing values of temperature, whilst no significant change has been observed in the trap density of states.

• 센서학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.416-419
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• 2014

We grew a $Li_6Lu(BO_3)_3:Ce^{3+}$ single crystal as a new scintillator. And, the scintillation and thermoluminescence properties of the scintillator were determined. The emission spectrum of $Li_6Lu(BO_3)_3:Ce^{3+}$ is located in the range of 370~530 nm, peaking at 416 nm and 439 nm, due to the $5d{\rightarrow}4f$ transition of $Ce^{3+}$ ions. The fluorescence decay time of the crystal is composed two components. The fast component is 34 ns (84%) and the slow component is 125 ns (16%) of the crystal. The afterglow is caused by the electron and hole traps in the crystal lattice. We determined physical parameters of the traps in the crystal. The thermoluminescence trap are composed a trap. The determined activation energy (E) and frequency factor (s) of the TL trap are 1.05 eV and $4.4{\times}10^{10}s^{-1}$, respectively.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.184-192
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• 2016

Recently, studies on reducing mercury have been actively conducted worldwide, which include the current status of mercury emissions and mercury control technology. Among the control technology, Sorbent Trap measurement method has been aggressively developed due to its reliability, easiness in measurement and analysis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the applicability of the new international measurement method; Sorbent Trap. For this, the study compared the Sorbent trap method (US EPA Method 30B) and the Korean Standard Method for Examination of Air (ES 01408.1) to evaluate their reliability, and developed mercury emission factors. As the result, the relative standard deviations (% RSD) of the two methods were 3.5~13.4% at Coal-fired Power Plants (CPP), 4.0~18.4% at Cement Kilns (CK), and 3.0~11.3% at Medical Waste Incinerators (MWI). The emissions factors were developed as 14.50 kg/ton at CPP, 45.10 kg/ton at CK, and 1,290.2 kg/ton at MWI.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2011

In this paper a design procedure via computer-aided molding simulation is presented to optimize the air-trap locations in a speaker encloser of mobile phone. The molding flow simulation reveals that the race-tracking phenomenon is the dominant feature in the current mold design. In obtaining an optimal filling pattern, the local modifications of the wall thickness such as in a flow leader attachment are considered as the primary control factor, and both the gate position and the filling time become the secondary control factor. In the one-at-a-time approach, the last location to be filled in the mold cavity could be successfully moved to the extremities of the part, allowing a natural ventilation of entrapped air through the mold parting plane.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.487-487
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• 2013

According to shrinkage of transistor, interface traps have been recognized as a major factor which limits the process development in manufacturing industry. The traps occur through spontaneous generation process, and spread into the forbidden band. There is a large change of current though a few traps are existed at the Si-SiO2 interface. Moreover, the increased temperature largely affects to the leakage current due to the interface trap. For this reason, we made an effort to find out the relationship between temperature and interface trap. The subthreshold swing (SS) was investigated to confirm the correlation. The simulated results show that the sphere of influence of trap is enlarged according to increase in temperature. To investigate the relationship between thermal energy and surface potential, we extracted the average surface potential and thermal energy (kT) according to the temperature. Despite an error rate of 6.5%, change rates of both thermal energy and average surface potential resemble each other in many ways. This allows that SS is affected by the trap within the range of the thermal energy from the surface energy.