• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.593-601
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• 1999

하천의 유속구조에 관한 지식은 하천 양안의 침식, 사행현상, 유사 및 오염물질의 확산과정을 규명하는데 필수적인 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 적절한 수리량을 사용하여 자연하천에서 종방향유속의 횡분포를 예측할 수 있는 이론식으로 수치모형을 구성하였다. 그리고 이를 낙동강에서 실측된 유속자료에 적용시켰다. 그 결과 수치모형은 실측된 유속분포의 일반적인 형태를 대체적으로 잘 근사하였다. 특히 모형은 유속의 횡분포에 있어서 왜곡도 및 편평도를 적절하게 재현하였다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.235-242
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• 1993

The flow characteristics of developing turbulent pulsating flows are investigated experimentally in the entrance region of a square duct ($40mm{\times}40mm$ and 4,000mm). Mean velocity profiles, turbulence intensity and entrance length are measured by using a hot-wire anemometer system together with data acquisition and processing systems. It is found that the velocity waveforms are not changed in the fully developed flow region where that $x/Dh{\geq}40$. For turbulent pulsating flow, the turbulent components in the velocity waveforms increase as the dimensionless transverse position approaches the wall. Mean velocity profiles of the turbulent steady flows follow the one-seventh power law profile in the fully developed flow region. Turbulence intensity increases as the dimensionless transverse position increases from the center to the wall of the duct, and is slightly smaller in the accelerating phase than in the decelerating phase for the turbulent pulsating flows. The entrance length of the turbulent pulsating flow is about 40 times as large as the hydraulic diameter under the present experimental conditions.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.236-245
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• 1997

The flow characteristics of developing turbulent steady flow are investigated numerically and experimentally in the entrance region of a square duct ($40 mm{\times}40 mm$ and 4, 000 mm). The numerical anaysis are incorporated by finite- volume discretization with staggered grid system and SIMPLE algorithm. The numerical solution are compared with experimental results of mean velocity profiles, turbulence intensity and entrance length. For turbulent steady flow, the turbulent components in the velocity waveforms increase as the dimensionless transverse position approaches the wall. Thrbulence intensity increases as the dimensionless transverse position increases from the center to the wall of the duct for the developing turbulent steady flows. The entrance length of the turbulent steady flow is about 40 times as large as the hydraulic diameter under the present experimental condition.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.543-552
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• 2014

Fixed Electromagnetic Wave Surface Velocimetry (Fixed EWSV) has been started to be used to measure flood discharge in the mountain stream, since it has various advantages such that it works well to continuously measure stream discharge even in the night time as well as very strong weather. On the contrary, the Fixed EWSV only measures single point surface velocity, thus it does not consider varying feature of the transverse velocity profile in the given stream cross-section. In addition, a conventional value of 0.85 was generally used as the ratio for converting the measured surface velocity into the depth-averaged velocity. These aspects could bring in error for accurately measuring the stream discharge. The capacity of the EWSV for capturing rapid flow velocity was also not properly validated. This study aims at conducting error analysis of using the EWSV by: 1) measuring transverse velocity at multiple points along the cross-section to assess an error driven by the single point measurement; 2) figuring out ratio between surface velocity and the depth-averaged velocity based on the concurrent ADCP measurements; 3) validating the capacity of the EWSV for capturing rapid flow velocity. As results, the velocity measured near the center by the fixed EWSV overestimated about 15% of the cross-sectional mean velocity. The converting ratio from the surface velocity to the depth-averaged velocity was 0.8 rather than 0.85 of a conventional ratio. Finally, the EWSV revealed unstable velocity output when the flow velocity was higher than 2 m/s.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.866-873
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• 2015

The transverse vibration of the deploying beam from rigid hub was analyzed by simulation and experiment. The linear governing equation of the deploying beam was obtained using the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. To discretize the governing equation, the Galerkin method was used. After transforming the governing equation into the weak form, the weak form was discretized. The discretized equation was expressed by the matrix-vector form, and then the Newmark method was applied to simulate. To consider the damping effect of the beam, we conducted the modal test with various beam length. The mass proportional damping was selected by the relation of the first and second damping ratio. The proportional damping coefficient was calculated using the acquired natural frequency and damping ratio through the modal test. The experiment was set up to measure the transverse vibration of the deploying beam. The fixed beam at the carriage of the linear actuator was moved by moving the carriage. The transverse vibration of the deploying beam was observed by the Eulerian description near the hub. The deploying or retraction motion of the beam had the constant velocity and the velocity profile with acceleration and deceleration. We compared the transverse vibration results by the simulation and experiment. The observed response by the Eulerian description were analyzed.

• 천문학회보
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.71.1-71.1
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• 2021

We perform disk-halo decomposition of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) using a novel HI velocity field extraction method, aimed at better deriving its HI kinematics and thus mass distribution in the galaxy including both baryons and dark matter. We decompose all the line-of-sight velocity profiles of the combined HI data cube of the LMC, taken from the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) and Parkes radio telescopes with an optimal number of Gaussian components. For this, we use a novel tool, the so-called BAYGAUD which performs profile decomposition based on Bayesian MCMC techniques. From this, we disentangle turbulent non-ordered HI gas motions from the decomposed gas components, and produce an HI bulk velocity field which better follows the global circular rotation of the galaxy. From a 2D tilted-ring analysis of the HI bulk velocity field, we derive the rotation curve of the LMC after correcting for its transverse, nutation and precession motions. The dynamical contributions of baryons like stars and gaseous components which are derived using the Spitzer 3.6 micron image and the HI data are then subtracted from the total kinematics of the LMC. Here, we present the bulk HI rotation curve, the mass models of stars and gaseous components, and the resulting dark matter density profile of the LMC.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.219-231
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• 2009

Numerical simulations have been carried out for a 138K LNG Carrier (KLNG) model ship with free surface, using WAVIS 2.0 and Fluent 6.3.26 with various $y^+$ values and different grid densities. Level-set method for free surface capturing was adopted in WAVIS, while VOF has been used in Fluent. The calculated results were compared with the experiment data. Resistance coefficient, wave pattern, wave profile along the hull surface, axial velocity contours and transverse vectors had been analyzed. When the first $y^+$ value was fixed at 60, the simulation results from both WAVIS and Fluent were improved as the number of grids increased. The convergence time of WAVIS was much shorter than that of Fluent. Furthermore, WAVIS predicted the velocity field and the wave profile along the hull surface better than Fluent. However, Fluent gave better wave patterns.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.671-674
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• 2008

We investigate the slippage effect in a micro-channel depending on the surface characteristics; hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and super-hydrophobic wettabilities. The micro-scale grooves are fabricated on the vertical wall to make the super-hydrophobic surfaces, which enable us visualize the flow fields near walls and directly measure the slip length. Velocity profiles are measured using micro-particle image velocimetry (Micro-PIV) and compared those in the hydrophilic glass, hydrophobic PDMS, and super-hydrophobic PDMS micro-channels. To directly measure the velocity in the super-hydrophobic micro-channel, the transverse groove structures are fabricated on the vertical wall in the micro-channel. The velocity profile near the wall shows larger slip length and, if the groove structure is high and wide, the liquid meniscus forms curves into the valley so that the wavy flow is created after the grooves.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.1785-1795
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• 2013

기존 대부분의 천수흐름 해석모형에서는 연직방향으로 균일한 유속을 가정하였기 때문에 하천 만곡부에서 이차류의 영향을 고려하지 못하고 부정확한 흐름해석 결과를 도출하였다. 본 연구에서는 종횡방향 유속의 연직분포를 평균값과 이로부터의 변동량으로 분할하여 이 값들을 운동량 방정식에 대입하여 생성되는 추가적인 항인 분산응력을 포함하는 수치모형을 개발하였다. 제안된 모형을 $30^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $270^{\circ}$의 곡률을 가지는 수로에 적용하여 분산응력을 이용한 곡선수로에서의 천수흐름을 수치모의 하였다. 모의 결과, 운동량방정식에 포함된 분산응력항은 생성/소멸과 같은 역할을 하여, 만곡의 내측에서 외측으로 횡방향 운동량을 이동시키게 되므로 분산응력을 포함하지 않는 경우 보다 정확한 수치모의 결과를 제시하는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.685-701
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• 2016

Downbursts are of great harm to transmission lines and many towers can even be destroyed. The downburst wind field model by Chen and Letchford was applied, and the wind loads of two typical transmission towers in inland areas and littoral areas were calculated separately. Spatial finite element models of the transmission towers were established by elastic beam and link elements. The wind loads as well as the dead loads of conductors and insulators were simplified and applied on the suspension points by concentrated form. Structural analysis on two typical transmission towers under normal wind and downburst was completed. The bearing characteristics and the failure modes of the transmission towers under downburst were determined. The failure state of tower members can be judged by the calculated stress ratios. It shows that stress states of the tower members were mainly controlled by 45 degree wind load. For the inland areas with low deign wind velocity, though the structural height is not in the highest wind velocity zone of downburst, the wind load under downburst is much higher than that under normal wind. The main members above the transverse separator of the legs will be firstly destroyed. For the littoral areas with high deign wind velocity, the wind load under downburst is lower than under normal wind. Transmission towers are not controlled by the wind loads from downbursts in design process.