• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.72-79
• /
• 1998

Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles Vol. 22, No. 1 (1998) p. 72∼79 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of geometrical structure and fiber type on the water vapor transport properties of nonwoven batting materials. Two types of fiber were used such as polyester and wool. Correlation between physical properties of nonwovens and water vapor transport rate was analyzed by Pearson Correlation. Steady and dynamic state water vapor transport properties were measured by absorption, evaporation and cobaltots chloride method respectively. The results were as follows: 1) In geometrical structure, thickness of nonwovens was effected on absorption and evaporation rate and air permeability was more influencing factor on water vapor transport rate than porosity. There were no decreasing of water vapor transport rate in hydrophilic fiber at high relative humudity. 2) The hydrophilicity of fiber affected steady and dynamic state water vapor permeabilities and wool nonwoven showed higher water vapor transport rate than polyester at high relative humidity. 3) Thickness showed higher correlation coefficient with water vapor transport rate than other physical properties of nonwovens.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.109-119
• /
• 2004

이 논문에서 우리는 대기 대순환 모형을 사용하여 지구 온난화에 따를 육지 대기로의 물 수송 변화를 평가했다. 해양으로부터 육지로의 물 수송 변화량은 지구온난화에 따라 거의 연중 증가한다. 유라시아대륙의 물 수송량은 연중 170∼350${\times}$106 Mt/day 수준의 증가를 보인다. 아프리카로의 수송은 11월을 제외한 모든 달에 감소를 보이고 특히 8월과 9월에 -350${\times}$106 Mt/day의 최대 감소를 나타낸다. 유라시아와 아프리카를 제외한 다른 대륙들에의 수송은 $\pm$80${\times}$106 Mt/day 미만의 증가와 감소를 달에 따라 다르게, 그리고 불규칙하게 보인다. 지구온난화로 유라시아 대륙에로의 물 수송이 전체적으로 증가하지만, 이 대륙 안에 위치한 사막지역의 물 수송은 감소한다. 그러므로, 사막을 제외한 부분, 특히 몬순 지역에 증가 분이 집중될 것이고, 이러한 동아시아 몬순강화의 결과로 몬순지역에 상당한 가용수의 증가가 기대된다.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.810-818
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of geometrical structure on the moisture transport properties of nonwoven batting materials. Two types of nonwovens were used such as single and double layered nonwovens. Steady and dynamic state water vapor transport properties were measured by absorption, evaporation and cobaltous chloride method respectively. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Geometrical structure affected water vapor evaporation, but there were no differences between single and double layered nonwovens in moisture absorption. Thickness and air permeability were influencing factor on water vapor transport rate. 2) Directionality of double layered nonwoven was observed both in steady and dynamic state moisture transport. There were differences between upper and lower layer of double layered nonwoven both in moisture absorption rate and color change by cobaltous chloride method. 3) In dynamic state of water vapor transport rate, single layered nonwoven reached more rapidly at the established relative humidity. It was confirmed that geometrical structure affected water vapor evaporation and hydrophilicity of fiber affected moisture absorption because there were much more water vapor transport rate by evaporation than absorption within the same period of time.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.229-240
• /
• 1990

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hydrophilicity of the fiber on the water vapor transport properties of the fabric by using double layered fabrics of natural and synthetic fibers such as cotton, wool, nylon, dacron, orlon and polypropylene. Wickability and absorption rate were measured to determine the absorbancy of the fabrics. Dynamic and steady state water vapor transport properties were measured by cobaltous chloride method and evaporation method, respectively. Absorption was in the order of orlon> cotton > wool > nylon > polypropylene > dacron. Dynamic surface wetness of synthetic fabrics were faster than that of natural fabrics. For the double layered fabrics, higher water vapor transport was resulted when the natural fabric was exposed to lower vapor pressure and synthetic fabric was exposed to higher vapor pressure than when the fabrics were layered the other way around. Opposite result was obtained for orlon, which suggested that when the fabric of high absorbancy is exposed to the environment and lower absorbancy is to the skin, higher water vapor transpont could be resulted.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 1988

The purpose of this study is to investigate water and after vapor transport characteristics of underwear fabrics. Experimental materials were cotton woven fabric and cotton knitted fabric, nylon tricot (untreated and hydrophilic finished) and cotton/polyester/cotton triple layer. Cotton knitted fabric have three types of knit structure (interlock, rib, plain stitch) and knit with either 38's or 60's combed yarn. And cotton woven fabric have plain weave with 60's combed yarn. As experimental methods, vapor cup test, dynamic method, vertical wicking test and transplanar uptake test were used. The results are as follows. 1) In cotton specimens, the order of water vapor transpiration (wvt) was plain > rib > interlock in the same yarn diameter. The knit fabric of thinner yarn showed the better wvt among the same knit structure. 2) In cotton specimens, the order of water absorbency was interlock > rib > plain in the same yarn diameter. the knit fabric of thicker yarn showed the better absorbency among the same knit structure. 3) When knit fabric (60's plain) is compared with woven fabric 960's plain), knit fabric showed faster rate of wvt, more amount of uptake and slower rate of water uptake than woven fabric did. 4) When compared untreated nylon with hydrophilic finished nylon, hydrophilic finished nylon showed much more water absorbency than untreated nylon did, but showed same rate of wvt. 5) The water transport characteristics of triple layer underwear fabric showed that the thinner and the lighter one, the better wvt and absorbency did.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제41권1호
• /
• pp.84-97
• /
• 2017

Water vapor and thermal transmission properties of high emotional garments are important to evaluate wear comfort; in addition, the measuring methods of these properties are also critical for breathable and warm suit fabrics. In this study, the water vapor and thermal properties of composite yarn fabrics made of CoolMax, Tencel, and Bamboo fibers with filaments were measured and compared according to the measuring method. Water Vapor Transmittance (WVT) of the fabric woven by the sheath/core composite yarn in the warp direction was the highest due to the small staple fiber volume in the sheath/core yarn structure and high air voids in the sheath/core yarn fabrics. This property was also the highest in fabrics woven by bamboo staple yarns in the weft direction, and was the lowest on hi-multi filament fabrics. However, water vapor resistance ($R_{ef}$) of these fabrics by KSK ISO 11092 showed the opposite results to the water vapor transmittance method ($CaCl_2$ method); in addition, its correlation coefficient was low. The correlation coefficient between $R_{ef}$ and the drying rate was 0.719; therefore, the measurement mechanism of $R_{ef}$ is analogous to the drying property measurement. The thermal conductivity of the fabrics woven with compact staple yarn showed a high value; however, the hi-multi filament fabric showed low thermal conductivity. Therefore, fiber characteristics affect thermal properties more than yarn structure. The correlation between thermal property and moisture transport was also low. This study showed that: water vapor transmittance was active at the loose yarn structure, dry heat transport was vigorous at the compact yarn structure, and heat transport was affected more by fiber characteristics than yarn structure. In conclusion, sheath/core composite yarns were relevant to the high absorptive cool suit along with siro-fil and CoolMax/Bamboo staple yarns that were relevant to the heat diffusive cool suit.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제46권4호
• /
• pp.339-344
• /
• 2013

물의 순환의 복잡한 기작을 이해하는 데 수증기동위원소는 중요한 단서를 제공할 수 있으며 지구과학의 다양한 영역(고기후학, 수리지질학, 대기학, 해양학 및 생태학)에 적용될 수 있다. 수분의 전지구적 또는 지역적 이동에 대한 연구는 물의 순환 및 대기에서의 에너지이동을 좀 더 잘 이해하는 데 도움을 줄 것이다. 본 연구에서는 해안근처에서의 수분의 이동을 파악하기 위해서 태풍 볼라벤이 한반도를 통과하는 기간동안(2012년 8월 27일부터 8월 29일까지) 수증기의 안정동위원소를 극지연구소에 설치된 동위원소분석기를 이용하여 측정하였다. 수분동위원소의 두 동위원소의 선형관계식($D=7.8x^{18}O+10.1$)으로부터 해양 기원의 수증기가 증발에 의해 이동되어 측정되었음을 알 수 있었다. 날씨가 맑을 때는 해양으로부터 증발되어 다른 물리적인 변동없이 직접 이동된 수증기의 동위원소 조성(산소동위원소, ${\delta}^{18}O$=-14‰)을 보여 주었으며, 태풍이 통과하면서 수분동위원소의 값은 10‰ 정도 낮은 값을 보였다. 태풍의 통과로 인해 상대습도는 증가하였으며 수분동위원소값은 감소하는 소위 "우량효과(amount effect)"를 보여주었다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
• /
• 제8권6호
• /
• pp.709-712
• /
• 2006

The aim of this study is to find out comfortable combinations of layered system for outdoor activities through water vapor permeability. Layering fabrics is an effective way of controlling water transport properties in fabric systems for outdoor activities and analysis of these systems may be useful for designing comfortable clothing. Seven fabrics were chosen for the experiments: two fabrics for base layer, two for the middle layer and three for the shell layer. A total of 12 different layered systems, which are all possible combinations were established using selected fabrics. The water vapor permeability was measured using JIS L1099 under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. It was found that layered system was working together as a whole having influence on each layer, though every layer offers varying degree of water vapor permeability. Furthermore, it was also found that an optimal combination of the three layered system does exist although the combination may differ according to the ways. The shell layer is the greatest effect of water vapor permeability under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions within layered system.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.228-238
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of chacteristics of knit fabrics on the microclimate of the skin simulating system. To determine the effect of characteristics of knit fabrics, vapor state of sweat pulse was simulated in the closed system. Different contents of fibers such as cotton, wool and polyester with different yarn size and knit types were chosen for specimens. The changes of humidity and temperature of air layer in the simulated systems were measured. Buffering indices, $K_d$ and $\beta_r$, were determined by considering $\alpha_p, \DeltaP_{max}, t_{max}, and tan\beta$. Physical properties of knit fabrics such as thickness, porosity, air resistance and moisture vapor transport were measured. Results showed that vapor pressure of wool was lower than cotton or polyester This was attributed to the hydrophilicity of wool which absorbed moisture rather quickly and retained in the knit fabric. The time to decrease vapor pressure was faster for polyester than cotton or wool. As a result, $K_d$ was in the order of wool> polye, item> cotton. $\beta_r$ of wool was rower than cotton or polyester due to its lowers porosity and slower desorption rate. For the yarn size, $K_d$ was in the order of 80's> 60's> 30's; thinner and lighter yarn showed better water vapor transport property. For knit type, buffering capacity of single jersey was better than interlock knit fabric. Statistical analysis showed that the air permeability was the most influential factor far the water vapor transport properties.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.295-304
• /
• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the waterproofness and water vapor transport properties of 30 waterproof and breathable textiles in the market. MVTR upright cup test with water, MVTR inverted cup test with potassium acetate, and sweating hot plate test method were used for measuring the breathability of fabric samples. The waterproofness of all fabric samples and evaporative resistance of garment ensembles made with 5 selected waterproof and breathable textiles out of 30 samples were tested. The results of this study were as follows. The base fabrics of the most samples were basic weave structure with either polyester or nylon fiber. The waterproofness was over $5000mmH_2O$ for all the samples except densely woven fabrics. The evaporative resistance of garments that were made out of 5 fabric samples with a range of low to high breathability ranged $39.9{\sim}56.7m^2{\cdot}P{\cdot}W^{-1}$. The data of the water vapor transport properties of fabric samples varied with different test methods. Overall the bicomponent film fabrics showed better breathability and less standard deviation regardless of test methods. It is expected the breathability data without the information of test conditions used for marketing would confuse the consumers and the apparel manufacturers.